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Thaiwatcharamas K, Loilome W, Ho PN, Chusilp S, Tanming P, Klanrit P, Phetcharaburanin J. Children with Hirschsprung disease exhibited alterations in host-microbial co-metabolism after pull-through operation. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:87. [PMID: 38512700 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare the fecal metabolome in post pull-through HD with and without HAEC patients and healthy young children using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. METHODS Fresh fecal samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in both post-pull-through HD patients and healthy Thai children. A total of 20 fecal samples were then analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Thirty-four metabolites identified among HD and healthy children younger than 5 years were compared. HD samples demonstrated a significant decrease in acetoin, phenylacetylglutamine, and N-acetylornithine (corrected p value = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.004, respectively). Succinate and xylose significantly decreased in HD with HAEC group compared to HD without HAEC group (corrected p value = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Moreover, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were the significant pathways involved, with pathway impact 0.42 and 0.50, respectively (corrected p value = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Differences in class, quantity, and metabolism of protein and other metabolites in young children with HD after pull-through operation were identified. Most of the associated metabolic pathways were correlated with the amino acids metabolism, which is required to maintain intestinal integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phuc N Ho
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sinobol Chusilp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Tanming
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Abstract
Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis remains the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in children with Hirschsprung disease. This chapter details the various approaches used to treat and prevent this disease process. This includes prevention of complications, such as stricture formation, prophylaxis with rectal washouts, and identification of high-risk individuals. The chapter also details approaches to diagnose Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis as well as to exclude other etiologies.
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Ásmundsdóttir L, Erlendsdóttir H, Gísladóttir A, Gottfredsson M. Molecular epidemiology of late recurrent candidaemia—a population-based study in Iceland. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:195-201. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Issa SY, Badran EF, Aqel KF, Shehabi AA. Epidemiological characteristics of Candida species colonizing oral and rectal sites of Jordanian infants. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11:79. [PMID: 21902841 PMCID: PMC3182898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that Candida colonization contributes to increasing invasion of candidiasis in hospitalized neonates. Few studies investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of Candida colonization among hospitalized and non-hospitalized infants. This prospective study investigated the major epidemiological characteristics of Candida species colonizing oral and rectal sites of Jordanian infants. METHODS Infants aged one year or less who were examined at the pediatrics outpatient clinic or hospitalized at the Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, were included in this study. Culture swabs were collected from oral and rectal sites and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. All Candida isolates were confirmed by the Remel RapID yeast plus system, and further investigated for specific virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility MIC using E-test. Genotyping of C. albicans isolates was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis method. RESULTS A total of 61/492 (12.4%) infants were colonized with Candida species by either their oral/rectal sites or both. Rectal colonization was significantly more detected than oral colonization (64.6% verses 35.4%), particularly among hospitalized infants aged more than one month. The pattern and rates of colonization were as follows: C. albicans was the commonest species isolated from both sites and accounted for 67.1% of all isolates, followed by C.kefyr (11.4%), each C. tropicalis and C. glabrata (8.9%) and C. parapsilosis (3.8%). A various rates of Candida isolates proved to secrete putative virulence factors in vitro; asparatyl proteinase, phospholipase and hemolysin. C. albicans were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with these enzymes than other Candida species. All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, whereas 97% of Candida species isolates were susceptible to fluconazole using E-test. The genetic similarity of 53 C. albicans isolates as demonstrated by dendrogram revealed the presence of 29 genotypes, and of these one genotype accounted for 22% of the isolates. CONCLUSION This study presents important epidemiological features of Candida colonization of Jordanian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Y Issa
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, 11942, Amman, Jordan
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De Filippo C, Pini-Prato A, Mattioli G, Avanzini S, Rapuzzi G, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Stefanini I, Ceccherini I, Mavilio D, Lionetti P, Jasonni V. Genomics approach to the analysis of bacterial communities dynamics in Hirschsprung's disease-associated enterocolitis: a pilot study. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:465-71. [PMID: 20306059 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most invalidating and life-threatening complication in Hirschsprung's disease patients (HSCR) is Hirschsprung's disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). The mechanisms underlying enterocolitis have not been identified. The limited knowledge of the role of intestinal microflora is in part due to the complexity of the intestinal microbiome and to the limitation of cultivation-based technologies, given that less than 25% of the intestinal bacterial species can be cultured. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) with four different restriction enzymes to study variations of microflora composition of the stools of a selected HSCR patient in different clinical conditions (acute phase vs. remission). RESULTS We assessed a total of 15 stool specimens belonging to the same 3-year-old male patient suffering from HSCR, which were harvested during 4 HAEC episodes and remission phases. Restriction analysis showed that HAEC episodes seem to cluster together at ARDRA analysis, thus suggesting a sort of predisposing bacterial community for HAEC development and the need for a microflora equilibrium to maintain wellness. CONCLUSIONS This approach proved to be effective, useful and powerful in assessing microflora dynamics and indicated that the differences in microflora associated with acute HAEC or remission are likely to result from a combination of disease activity and different antibiotic therapies. ARDRA proved to be useful in discriminating disease versus remission. Our findings indicated that HAEC results from a change in the equilibrium between bacterial species or from altered discrimination of harmless from harmful microorganisms, challenging the definition of pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Based on these results, we propose ARDRA as a rapid inexpensive tool to assess microflora dynamics during HAEC episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Filippo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lord ATK, Mohandas K, Somanath S, Ambu S. Multidrug resistant yeasts in synanthropic wild birds. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2010; 9:11. [PMID: 20307325 PMCID: PMC2852373 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug resistant yeasts in the faeces of synanthropic wild birds from the Bangsar suburb of Kuala Lumpur. METHODS Species characterisations of yeast isolates and determinations of antimycotic susceptibility profiles were undertaken using the commercial characterization kit, Integral System Yeasts Plus (Liofilchem, Italy). RESULTS Fourteen species of yeasts were detected in the bird faecal samples.Candida albicans was present in 28.89% of bird faecal samples, Candida krusei (13.33%), Candida tropicalis (4.44%), Candida glabrata (4.44%), Candida parapsilosis (2.22%), Candida lambica (2.22%), Candida stellatoidea (2.22%), Candida rugosa (2.22%) and Candida lusitaniae (2.22%). Amongst the non-candidal yeast isolates, Cryptococcus laurentii was present in 6.67% of bird faecal samples, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus (4.44%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4.44%), Trichosporon pullulans (2.22%), Trichosporon pullulans/Cryptococcus albidus (8.89%) and Rhodotorula rubra/Rhodotorula glutinis (4.44%). Of the isolated yeasts, 18.1% (or 26/144) were found to be resistant to all 11 antimycotic agents they were tested against i.e. Nystatin, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Econazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Fluconazole 16 and Fluconazole 64. 45.8% (or 66/144) of the bird faecal yeast isolates were resistant to four or more of the 11 antimycotic agents they were tested against. CONCLUSIONS This finding is of public health significance as these synanthropic wild birds may be reservoirs for transmission of drug resistant yeast infections to humans.
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Xess I, Jain N, Hasan F, Mandal P, Banerjee U. Epidemiology of candidemia in a tertiary care centre of north India: 5-year study. Infection 2007; 35:256-9. [PMID: 17646917 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-007-6144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the distribution of species of Candida and the risk factors associated with candidemia in Indian population for which we conducted a retrospective study for 5 years in a tertiary care centre of North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 7,297 patients aged from 3 days to 85 years, suspected with candidemia, were collected and tested for Candida. The susceptibility patterns toward fluconazole for the year 2005 isolates were tested by micro-dilution assay as described in the CLSI (M27A-2 method). RESULTS Most of the episodes have been caused by species other than C. albicans. Non-albicans candidemia was 79%-80% in both female and male populations. The most frequent species isolated from 275 patients in 5 years (January 2001-December 2005) was C. tropicalis (35.3%), followed by C. albicans (21.5%), C. parapsilosis (20%), C. glabrata (17.5%), C. krusei (3.3%), C. haemulonii (1.5%), and C. guilliermondii (1%). C. parapsilosis was the predominant in the fifth year of the study (2004-2005). Dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole was observed in 5% (n = 3) of the strains. Antifungal resistance was found in 11.7% (n = 7), which includes only C. glabrata. CONCLUSION These results were comparable to those derived from other regions of India. C. tropicalis has been reported as the predominant species involved in the cases of candidemia. But in 2005 it has moved toward C. parapsilosis. No true antifungal resistance is reported. Further epidemiological surveillance is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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Srivastava S, Shetty N. Healthcare-associated infections in neonatal units: lessons from contrasting worlds. J Hosp Infect 2007; 65:292-306. [PMID: 17350726 PMCID: PMC7172768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal intensive care units are vulnerable to outbreaks and sporadic incidents of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The incidence and outcome of these infections are determined by the degree of immaturity of the neonatal immune system, invasive procedures involved, the aetiological agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and, above all, infection control policies practised by the unit. It is important to raise awareness of infection control practices in resource-limited settings, since overdependence upon antimicrobial agents and co-existing lack of awareness of infection control is encouraging the emergence of multi-drug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. We reviewed 125 articles regarding HAIs from both advanced and resource-limited neonatal units in order to study risk factors, aetiological agents, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and reported successes in infection control interventions. The articles include surveillance studies, outbreaks and sporadic incidents. Gram-positive cocci, viruses and fungi predominate in reports from the advanced units, while Gram-negative enteric rods, non-fermenters and fungi are commonly reported from resource-limited settings. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from surveillance studies determined the empirical therapy used in each neonatal unit. Most outbreaks, irrespective of the technical facilities available, were traced to specific lack of infection control practices. We discuss infection control interventions, with special emphasis on their applicability in resource-limited settings. Cost-effective measures for implementing these interventions, with particular reference to the recognition of the role of the microbiologist, the infection control team and antibiotic policies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Protection Agency Collaborating Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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