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Kirchner M, Sayers E, Cawthraw S, Duggett N, Gosling R, Jenkins C, Dallman TJ, Mueller-Doblies D, Anjum MF. A sensitive method for the recovery of Escherichia coli serogroup O55 including Shiga toxin-producing variants for potential use in outbreaks. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:889-896. [PMID: 31183950 PMCID: PMC6852171 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause bloody diarrhoea, kidney failure and occasionally death. However, identifying the source of infection caused by STEC other than serogroup O157 is hampered by the availability of sensitive methods for detecting these pathogens. In this study, we developed novel tools for detecting E. coli O55 that is potentially associated with human outbreaks. METHODS AND RESULTS Overall specificity of immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) beads coated with anti-O55 serum was good with exception of cross-reactivity with E. coli O22 and O23, which was eliminated using an O55-specific PCR. Limit of detection for E. coli O55 using O55-IMS beads in spiked cattle faeces was on average 50 CFU per ml (range 1-90), and improved to <10 CFU per ml using the O55-specific PCR, following IMS on samples enriched for 2 h with E. coli O55. Application of these tools to test cattle faeces collected on-farm allowed the isolation of O55:H19, which through whole genome sequencing was compared to STEC O55:H7 human outbreak strains. CONCLUSION These tools provide a sensitive method which could be used to screen samples for STEC O55, whether environmental or human clinical. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Several human outbreaks reported in England were caused by STEC O55:H7. Tools developed here could assist in identification of the environmental source for these isolates, which has not yet been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirchner
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - E Sayers
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.,University of East Anglia/Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - S Cawthraw
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - N Duggett
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R Gosling
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - D Mueller-Doblies
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - M F Anjum
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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Randall LP, Horton RA, Lemma F, Martelli F, Duggett NAD, Smith RP, Kirchner MJ, Ellis RJ, Rogers JP, Williamson SM, Simons RRL, Brena CM, Evans SJ, Anjum MF, Teale CJ. Longitudinal study on the occurrence in pigs of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 following the cessation of use of colistin. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:596-608. [PMID: 29741287 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In 2015, colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella with the mcr-1 gene were isolated from a pig farm in Great Britain. Pigs were subsequently monitored over a ~20-month period for the occurrence of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance and the risk of mcr-1 E. coli entering the food chain was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Pig faeces and slurry were cultured for colistin-resistant E. coli and Salmonella, tested for the mcr-1 gene by PCR and selected isolates were further analysed. Seventy-eight per cent of faecal samples (n = 275) from pigs yielded mcr-1 E. coli after selective culture, but in positive samples only 0·2-1·3% of the total E. coli carried mcr-1. Twenty months after the initial sampling, faecal samples (n = 59) were negative for E. coli carrying mcr-1. CONCLUSIONS The risk to public health from porcine E. coli carrying mcr-1 was assessed as very low. Twenty months after cessation of colistin use, E. coli carrying mcr-1 was not detected in pig faeces on a farm where it was previously present. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results suggest that cessation of colistin use may help over time to reduce or possibly eliminate mcr-1 E. coli on pig farms where it occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Randall
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R A Horton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Lemma
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Martelli
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - N A D Duggett
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R P Smith
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - M J Kirchner
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R J Ellis
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - J P Rogers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Bury St Edmunds), Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK
| | - S M Williamson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Bury St Edmunds), Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK
| | - R R L Simons
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - C M Brena
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Thirsk), Thirsk, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - S J Evans
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - M F Anjum
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - C J Teale
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (Shrewsbury), Shrewsbury, UK
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Paddock ZD, Renter DG, Cull CA, Shi X, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. Escherichia coliO26 in Feedlot Cattle: Fecal Prevalence, Isolation, Characterization, and Effects of anE. coliO157 Vaccine and a Direct-Fed Microbial. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:186-93. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zac D. Paddock
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David G. Renter
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Charley A. Cull
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Xiarong Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Weiss A, Brockmeyer J. Prevalence, biogenesis, and functionality of the serine protease autotransporter EspP. Toxins (Basel) 2012; 5:25-48. [PMID: 23274272 PMCID: PMC3564066 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) causes severe diseases in humans worldwide. One of its virulence factors is EspP, which belongs to the serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family. In this review we recapitulate the current data on prevalence, biogenesis, structural properties and functionality. EspP has been used to investigate mechanistic details of autotransport, and recent studies indicate that this transport mechanism is not autonomous but rather dependent on additional factors. Currently, five subtypes have been identified (EspPα-EspPε), with EspPα being associated with highly virulent EHEC serotypes and isolates from patients with severe disease. EspPα has been shown to degrade major proteins of the complement cascade, namely C3 and C5 and probably interferes with hemostasis by cleavage of coagulation factor V. Furthermore, EspPα is believed to contribute to biofilm formation perhaps by polymerization to rope-like structures. Together with the proteolytic activity, EspPα might ameliorate host colonization and interfere with host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Weiss
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany.
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Potentially human-pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian sheep flocks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4949-58. [PMID: 21642413 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00189-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A national survey of Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian sheep flocks was conducted, using fecal samples to determine the prevalence. In total, 491 flocks were tested, and E. coli O26 was detected in 17.9% of the flocks. One hundred forty-two E. coli O26 isolates were examined for flagellar antigens (H typing) and four virulence genes, including stx and eae, to identify possible Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Most isolates (129 out of 142) were identified as E. coli O26:H11. They possessed eae and may have potential as human pathogens, although only a small fraction were identified as STEC O26:H11, giving a prevalence in sheep flocks of only 0.8%. Correspondingly, the sheep flock prevalence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) O26:H11 was surprisingly high (15.9%). The genetic relationship between the E. coli O26:H11 isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), identifying 63 distinct PFGE profiles and 22 MLVA profiles. Although the MLVA protocol was less discriminatory than PFGE and a few cases of disagreement were observed, comparison by partition mapping showed an overall good accordance between the two methods. A close relationship between a few isolates of aEPEC O26:H11 and STEC O26:H11 was identified, but all the E. coli O26:H11 isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic to humans. The present study consisted of a representative sampling of sheep flocks from all parts of Norway. This is the first large survey of sheep flocks focusing on E. coli O26 in general, including results of STEC, aEPEC, and nonpathogenic isolates.
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Relationship between virulence gene profiles of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in New Zealand. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:3744-7. [PMID: 20400570 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02528-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulence gene profiles of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from cattle, sheep, and humans were examined to determine the relationship between pathotypes. Shared virulence factors (intimin, EHEC hemolysin, serine protease, and a type II secretion system) were identified, suggesting a dynamic evolutionary relationship between aEPEC and STEC.
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Roncada P, Deriu F, Gaviraghi A, Martino PA, Bonizzi L. Proteomic study of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33 Suppl 1:157-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Molecular subtyping and distribution of the serine protease from shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli among atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2246-9. [PMID: 19139236 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01957-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were examined to determine the prevalence and sequence of espP, which encodes a serine protease. These analyses indicated shared espP sequence types between the two E. coli pathotypes and thus provide further insights into the evolution of aEPEC and STEC.
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