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Yan Y, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang L, He J, Hao B, Hu T, Wang S, Cui D. Battling Salmonella enteritidis infections: integrating proteomics and in vivo assessment of Galla Chinensis tannic acid. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:179. [PMID: 38715123 PMCID: PMC11075308 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Phytochemicals present a potential alternative treatment. Galla chinensis tannic acid (GCTA), a hydrolyzable polyphenolic compound, inhibits bacterial growth and demonstrates potential as an alternative or supplement to antibiotics to prevent Salmonella infections. However, little is known about the antimicrobial mechanism of GCTA against Salmonella. Here, we revealed 456 differentially expressed proteins upon GCTA treatment, impacting pathways related to DNA replication, repair, genomic stability, cell wall biogenesis, and lipid metabolism using TMT-labeled proteomic analysis. TEM analysis suggested altered bacterial morphology and structure post-treatment. A Salmonella-infected-mouse model indicated that GCTA administration improved inflammatory markers, alleviated intestinal histopathological alterations, and reduced Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in the liver and spleen of Salmonella-infected mice. The LD50 of GCTA was 4100 mg/kg with an oral single dose, vastly exceeding the therapeutic dose. Thus, GCTA exhibited antibacterial and anti-infective activity against S. Enteritidis. Our results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of these antibacterial effects, and highlights the potential of GCTA as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jiongjie He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tingjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
| | - Dongan Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
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Genomic Epidemiology and Multilevel Genome Typing of Australian Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0301422. [PMID: 36625638 PMCID: PMC9927265 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of salmonellosis in Australia. In this study, a total of 568 S. Enteritidis isolates from two Australian states across two consecutive years were analyzed and compared to international strains, using the S. Enteritidis multilevel genome typing (MGT) database, which contained 40,390 publicly available genomes from 99 countries. The Australian S. Enteritidis isolates were divided into three phylogenetic clades (A, B, and C). Clades A and C represented 16.4% and 3.5% of the total isolates, respectively, and were of local origin. Clade B accounted for 80.1% of the isolates which belonged to seven previously defined lineages but was dominated by the global epidemic lineage. At the MGT5 level, three out of five top sequence types (STs) in Australia were also top STs in Asia, suggesting that a fair proportion of Australian S. Enteritidis cases may be epidemiologically linked with Asian strains. In 2018, a large egg-associated local outbreak was caused by a recently defined clade B lineage prevalent in Europe and was closely related, but not directly linked, to three European isolates. Additionally, over half (54.8%) of predicted multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates belonged to 10 MDR-associated MGT-STs, which were also frequent in Asian S. Enteritidis . Overall, this study investigated the genomic epidemiology of S. Enteritidis in Australia, including the first large local outbreak, using MGT. The open MGT platform enables a standardized and sharable nomenclature that can be effectively applied to public health for unified surveillance of S. Enteritidis nationally and globally. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a leading cause of foodborne infections. We previously developed a genomic typing database (MGTdb) for S. Enteritidis to facilitate global surveillance of this pathogen. In this study, we examined the genomic features of Australian S. Enteritidis using the MGTdb and found that Australian S. Enteritidis is mainly epidemiologically linked with Asian strains (especially strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes), followed by European strains. The first large-scale egg-associated local outbreak in Australia was caused by a recently defined lineage prevalent in Europe, and three European isolates in the MGTdb were closely related but not directly linked to this outbreak. In summary, the S. Enteritidis MGTdb open platform is shown to be a potentially powerful tool for national and global public health surveillance of this pathogen.
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Cao G, Zhao S, Kuang D, Hsu CH, Yin L, Luo Y, Chen Z, Xu X, Strain E, McDermott P, Allard M, Brown E, Meng J, Zheng J. Geography shapes the genomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis isolated from humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1331. [PMID: 36693882 PMCID: PMC9873609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella has been a long-standing challenge in public health and food safety. The prevalence of MDR S. Enteritidis, especially isolated from humans, in China is significantly higher than those from the U.S. and other countries. A dataset of 197 S. Enteritidis genomes, including 16 sequenced clinical isolates from China and 181 downloaded genomes of human isolates from the U.S., Europe, and Africa, was analyzed for genomic diversity, virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phylogenomic analyses identified four major well-supported clades (I-IV). While AMR genotype in the majority of isolates in clades I and IV displayed as pan-susceptible, 81.8% (9/11) and 22.4% (13/58) of isolates in clades III and II were MDR, respectively. It is noted that 77% (10/13) of MDR isolates in clade II were from China. The most common antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) carried by the Chinese isolates were aph(3')-IIa, blaCTX-M-55, and blaTEM-1B, whereas blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul2, drfA7, aph(3")-Ib/strA, and aph(6)-Id/strB were most often identified in those from Africa (clade III). Among the 14 plasmid types identified, IncX1 and IncFII(pHN7A8) were found exclusively in the Chinese MDR isolates, while IncQ1 was highly associated with the African MDR isolates. The spvRABCD virulence operon was present in 94.9% (187/197) of isolates tested and was highly associated with both the IncF (IncFII and IncFIB) plasmids. In addition, phylogenetic differences in distribution of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), prophages and other accessory genes were also noted. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning diversification of MDR S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Cao
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Dai Kuang
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety & Security Systems, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Errol Strain
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Patrick McDermott
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Eric Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety & Security Systems, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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Guard J. Through the Looking Glass: Genome, Phenome, and Interactome of Salmonella enterica. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050581. [PMID: 35631102 PMCID: PMC9144603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review revisits previous concepts on biological phenomenon contributing to the success of the Salmonella enterica subspecies I as a pathogen and expands upon them to include progress in epidemiology based on whole genome sequencing (WGS). Discussion goes beyond epidemiological uses of WGS to consider how phenotype, which is the biological character of an organism, can be correlated with its genotype to develop a knowledge of the interactome. Deciphering genome interactions with proteins, the impact of metabolic flux, epigenetic modifications, and other complex biochemical processes will lead to new therapeutics, control measures, environmental remediations, and improved design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guard
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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