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Franco-Losilla M, Nordzieke S, Feldmann I, Limón MC, Avalos J. HmbC, a Protein of the HMG Family, Participates in the Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1661. [PMID: 37628712 PMCID: PMC10454146 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, carotenoid production is up-regulated by light and down-regulated by the CarS RING finger protein, which modulates the mRNA levels of carotenoid pathway genes (car genes). To identify new potential regulators of car genes, we used a biotin-mediated pull-down procedure to detect proteins capable of binding to their promoters. We focused our attention on one of the proteins found in the screening, belonging to the High-Mobility Group (HMG) family that was named HmbC. The deletion of the hmbC gene resulted in increased carotenoid production due to higher mRNA levels of car biosynthetic genes. In addition, the deletion resulted in reduced carS mRNA levels, which could also explain the partial deregulation of the carotenoid pathway. The mutants exhibited other phenotypic traits, such as alterations in development under certain stress conditions, or reduced sensitivity to cell wall degrading enzymes, revealed by less efficient protoplast formation, indicating that HmbC is also involved in other cellular processes. In conclusion, we identified a protein of the HMG family that participates in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. This is probably achieved through an epigenetic mechanism related to chromatin structure, as is frequent in this class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Franco-Losilla
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (M.F.-L.); (J.A.)
| | - Steffen Nordzieke
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (M.F.-L.); (J.A.)
| | - Ingo Feldmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - M. Carmen Limón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (M.F.-L.); (J.A.)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (M.F.-L.); (J.A.)
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Seike H, Ishimori K, Watanabe A, Kiryu M, Hatakeyama S, Tanaka S, Yoshihara R. Two high-mobility group domains of MHG1 are necessary to maintain mtDNA in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:826-833. [PMID: 36517150 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mhg1 (NCU02695/ada-23) gene encodes the mitochondrial high-mobility group box (HMG-box or HMGB) protein in Neurospora crassa. The mhg1 KO strain (mhg1KO) has mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability and a short lifespan; however, the function of MHG1 remains unclear. To investigate the role of this protein in the maintenance of mtDNA, domain deleted MHG1 proteins were expressed in the mhg1KO strain, and their effects were analyzed. We identified two putative HMG-domains, HMGBI and HMGBII. Although deletion of the HMG-box did not abolish MHG1's mitochondrial localization, the mhg1KO phenotype of a severe growth defect and a high sensitivity to mutagens could not be restored by introduction of HMG-box deleted mhg1 gene into the KO strain. It was indicated that recombinant full-length MHG1, i.e., mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) containing protein, did not exhibit explicit DNA binding, whereas the MHG1 protein truncated for the MTS sequence did in vitro by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, recombinant MHG1 protein lacking MTS and HMG-domains, either HMGBI or HMGBII, had DNA affinity and an altered band shift pattern compared with MTS-truncated MHG1 protein. These results suggest that cleavage of MTS and appropriate DNA binding via HMG-domains are indispensable for maintaining mtDNA in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami Seike
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishimori
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Asagi Watanabe
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mao Kiryu
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shin Hatakeyama
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shuuitsu Tanaka
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Yoshihara
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Shimo-Ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Ámon J, Varga G, Pfeiffer I, Farkas Z, Karácsony Z, Hegedűs Z, Vágvölgyi C, Hamari Z. The role of the Aspergillus nidulans high mobility group B protein HmbA, the orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nhp6p. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17334. [PMID: 36243791 PMCID: PMC9569327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian HMGB1 is a high-mobility-group B protein, which is both an architectural and functional element of chromatin. Nhp6p, the extensively studied fungal homologue of HMGB1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has pleiotropic physiological functions. Despite the existence of Nhp6p orthologues in filamentous ascomycetes, little is known about their physiological roles besides their contribution to sexual development. Here we study the function of HmbA, the Aspergillus nidulans orthologue of Nhp6p. We show that HmbA influences the utilization of various carbon- and nitrogen sources, stress tolerance, secondary metabolism, hyphae elongation and maintenance of polarized growth. Additionally, by conducting heterologous expression studies, we demonstrate that HmbA and Nhp6p are partially interchangeable. HmbA restores SNR6 transcription and fitness of nhp6AΔBΔ mutant and reverses its heat sensitivity. Nhp6Ap complements several phenotypes of hmbAΔ, including ascospore formation, utilization of various carbon- and nitrogen-sources, radial growth rate, hypha elongation by polarized growth. However, Nhp6Ap does not complement sterigmatocystin production in a hmbAΔ strain. Finally, we also show that HmbA is necessary for the normal expression of the endochitinase chiA, a cell wall re-modeller that is pivotal for the normal mode of maintenance of polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ámon
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ilona Pfeiffer
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Farkas
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsony
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.424679.aPresent Address: Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hegedűs
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Hamari
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Vozáriková V, Kunová N, Bauer JA, Frankovský J, Kotrasová V, Procházková K, Džugasová V, Kutejová E, Pevala V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial HMG-Box Containing Proteins: From Biochemical Properties to the Roles in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081193. [PMID: 32824374 PMCID: PMC7463775 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules are packaged into compact nucleo-protein structures called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids). Their compaction is mediated in part by high-mobility group (HMG)-box containing proteins (mtHMG proteins), whose additional roles include the protection of mtDNA against damage, the regulation of gene expression and the segregation of mtDNA into daughter organelles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have been identified through extensive biochemical, genetic, and structural studies, particularly on yeast (Abf2) and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mtHMG proteins. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical properties of mtHMG proteins, the structural basis of their interaction with DNA, their roles in various mtDNA transactions, and the evolutionary trajectories leading to their rapid diversification. We also describe how defects in the maintenance of mtDNA in cells with dysfunctional mtHMG proteins lead to different pathologies at the cellular and organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ján Frankovský
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Katarína Procházková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vladimíra Džugasová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-90149-433
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Bokor E, Ámon J, Keisham K, Karácsony Z, Vágvölgyi C, Hamari Z. HMGB proteins are required for sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216094. [PMID: 31022275 PMCID: PMC6483251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans has three high mobility group box (HMGB) proteins, HmbA, HmbB and HmbC that are chromatin-associated architectural proteins involved in DNA-related functions. By creating and studying deletion strains in both veA+ and veA1 background, we have characterized the role of HmbA, HmbB and HmbC in sexual development. Expression of the mating-type MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 coding genes were found to be extremely down-regulated in all three mutants on day 4 of sexual development, which results in deficient ascospore production and/or ascospore viability in the mutants. In addition, we found that HmbA and HmbB play also a role in sensing of and response to environmental signals, while HmbC functionally interacts with VeA, a key regulator of the coordination of asexual and sexual development, as well as of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Bokor
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Ámon
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kabichandra Keisham
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsony
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Hamari
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary
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Xiong YR, Zhao S, Fu LH, Liao XZ, Li CX, Yan YS, Liao LS, Feng JX. Characterization of novel roles of a HMG-box protein PoxHmbB in biomass-degrading enzyme production by Penicillium oxalicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3739-3753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Phenotypic analysis of newly isolated short-lifespan Neurospora crassa mutant deficient in a high mobility group box protein. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 105:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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