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Wu X, Han J, Gong G, Koffas MAG, Zha J. Wall teichoic acids: physiology and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 45:6019871. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here, we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
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Genome Sequence of Oenococcus oeni UNQOe19, the First Fully Assembled Genome Sequence of a Patagonian Psychrotrophic Oenological Strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA00889-18. [PMID: 30533887 PMCID: PMC6256454 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00889-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni UNQOe19 is a native strain isolated from a Patagonian pinot noir wine undergoing spontaneous malolactic fermentation. Here, we present the 1.83-Mb genome sequence of O. oeni UNQOe19, the first fully assembled genome sequence of a psychrotrophic strain from an Argentinean wine. Oenococcus oeni UNQOe19 is a native strain isolated from a Patagonian pinot noir wine undergoing spontaneous malolactic fermentation. Here, we present the 1.83-Mb genome sequence of O. oeni UNQOe19, the first fully assembled genome sequence of a psychrotrophic strain from an Argentinean wine.
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Yang Y, Yin J, Liu J, Xu Q, Lan T, Ren F, Hao Y. The Copper Homeostasis Transcription Factor CopR Is Involved in H 2O 2 Stress in Lactobacillus plantarum CAUH2. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2015. [PMID: 29089937 PMCID: PMC5651008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors (TFs) play important roles in the responses to oxidative, acid, and other environmental stresses in Gram-positive bacteria, but the regulatory mechanism of TFs involved in oxidative stress remains unknown in lactic acid bacteria. In the present work, homologous overexpression strains with 43 TFs were constructed in the Lactobacillus plantarum CAUH2 parent strain. The strain overexpressing CopR displayed the highest sensitivity and a 110-fold decrease in survival rate under H2O2 challenge. The importance of CopR in the response to H2O2 stress was further confirmed by a 10.8-fold increase in the survival of a copR insertion mutant. In silico analysis of the genes flanking copR revealed putative CopR-binding “cop box” sequences in the promoter region of the adjacent gene copB encoding a Cu2+-exporting ATPase. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis demonstrated the specific binding of CopR with copB in vitro, suggesting copB is a target gene of CopR in L. plantarum. The role of CopB involved in oxidative stress was verified by the significantly decreased survival in the copB mutant. Furthermore, a growth defect in copper-containing medium demonstrated that CopB functions as an export ATPase for copper ions. Furthermore, EMSAs revealed that CopR functions as a regulator that negatively regulates copB gene and Cu2+ serves as inducer of CopR to activate the expression of CopB in response to H2O2 stress in L. plantarum CAUH2. Our findings indicated that CopR plays an important role in enhancing oxidative resistance by regulating copB to modulate copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Lan
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
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Fernandez-Gutierrez MM, Roosjen PPJ, Ultee E, Agelink M, Vervoort JJM, Keijser B, Wells JM, Kleerebezem M. Streptococcus salivarius MS-oral-D6 promotes gingival re-epithelialization in vitro through a secreted serine protease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11100. [PMID: 28894194 PMCID: PMC5593969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival re-epithelialization represents an essential phase of oral wound healing in which epithelial integrity is re-establish. We developed an automated high-throughput re-epithelialization kinetic model, using the gingival epithelial cell line Ca9–22. The model was employed to screen 39 lactic acid bacteria, predominantly including oral isolates, for their capacity to accelerate gingival re-epithelialization. This screen identified several strains of Streptococcus salivarius that stimulated re-epithelialization. Further analysis revealed that S. salivarius strain MS-oral-D6 significantly promoted re-epithelialization through a secreted proteinaceous compound and subsequent experiments identified a secreted serine protease as the most likely candidate to be involved in re-epithelialization stimulation. The identification of bacteria or their products that stimulate gingival wound repair may inspire novel strategies for the maintenance of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela M Fernandez-Gutierrez
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9-A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P J Roosjen
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Ultee
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Agelink
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M Vervoort
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Keijser
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9-A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,TNO Microbiology and Systems Biology, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9-A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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