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Zhang Q, Alter T, Fleischmann S. Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae-An Underestimated Foodborne Pathogen? An Overview of Its Virulence Genes and Regulatory Systems Involved in Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:818. [PMID: 38674762 PMCID: PMC11052320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of foodborne infections with non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) has increased worldwide. These have ranged from sporadic infection cases to localized outbreaks. The majority of case reports describe self-limiting gastroenteritis. However, severe gastroenteritis and even cholera-like symptoms have also been described. All reported diarrheal cases can be traced back to the consumption of contaminated seafood. As climate change alters the habitats and distribution patterns of aquatic bacteria, there is a possibility that the number of infections and outbreaks caused by Vibrio spp. will further increase, especially in countries where raw or undercooked seafood is consumed or clean drinking water is lacking. Against this background, this review article focuses on a possible infection pathway and how NOVC can survive in the human host after oral ingestion, colonize intestinal epithelial cells, express virulence factors causing diarrhea, and is excreted by the human host to return to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Fleischmann
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (Q.Z.); (T.A.)
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Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:24-32. [PMID: 34717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Mamangkey J, Suryanto D, Munir E, Mustopa AZ, Sibero MT, Mendes LW, Hartanto A, Taniwan S, Ek-Ramos MJ, Harahap A, Verma A, Trihatmoko E, Putranto WS, Pardosi L, Rudia LOAP. Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of bacteria associated to Bruguiera cylindrica, a mangrove plant of North Sumatra, Indonesia. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00617. [PMID: 34026573 PMCID: PMC8121877 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove-associated bacteria are of industrial interest due to their diverse and versatile enzyme properties. This study investigates the culturable bacteria from a wide range of habitat in a Bruguiera cylindrica mangrove ecosystem in North Sumatra. Screening of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes showed multiple potential traits in amylase, cellulase, chitinase, phosphatase, protease, and urease production by bacterial isolates. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA region of a potential strain, Vibrio alginolyticus Jme3-20 is then reported as a newly proteolytic agent. The strain also showed a stable growth under salinity (NaCl) stress with considerable phosphate solubilization activities. Protease activity was enhanced by optimizing the 0.5 % (w/v) sucrose and soy peptone in the fermentation medium. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis showed the presence of a 35-kDa MW protease. Hence, our study revealed important insights into the bacterial diversity and activity in mangrove ecosystems, evidencing the importance of microbial exploration in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jendri Mamangkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Suryanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Erman Munir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Mada Triandala Sibero
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
- Natural Product Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory for Research and Services, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of Sao Paulo USP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adrian Hartanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Steven Taniwan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Maria Julissa Ek-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arman Harahap
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Labuhanbatu, Rantauprapat, Indonesia
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, SD Agricultural University, Gujarat, 385506, India
| | - Edy Trihatmoko
- Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
| | | | - Lukas Pardosi
- Biology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Timor, Kefamenanu, 85613, Indonesia
| | - La Ode Adi Parman Rudia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Jalan H.E.A. Mokodompit, Kampus Baru, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
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Wang BX, Wheeler KM, Cady KC, Lehoux S, Cummings RD, Laub MT, Ribbeck K. Mucin Glycans Signal through the Sensor Kinase RetS to Inhibit Virulence-Associated Traits in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Biol 2021; 31:90-102.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cholera is a potentially lethal disease that is endemic in much of the developing world. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium underlying the disease, infects humans utilizing proteins encoded on horizontally acquired genetic material. Here, we provide evidence that TsrA, a Vibrionaceae-specific protein, plays a critical role in regulating these genetic elements and is essential for V. cholerae virulence in a mouse intestinal model. Pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae require careful regulation of horizontally acquired virulence factors that are largely located on horizontally acquired genomic islands (HAIs). While TsrA, a Vibrionaceae-specific protein, is known to regulate the critical HAI virulence genes toxT and ctxA, its broader function throughout the genome is unknown. Here, we find that deletion of tsrA results in genomewide expression patterns that heavily correlate with those seen upon deletion of hns, a widely conserved bacterial protein that regulates V. cholerae virulence. This correlation is particularly strong for loci on HAIs, where all differentially expressed loci in the ΔtsrA mutant are also differentially expressed in the Δhns mutant. Correlation between TsrA and H-NS function extends to in vivo virulence phenotypes where deletion of tsrA compensates for the loss of ToxR activity in V. cholerae and promotes wild-type levels of mouse intestinal colonization. All in all, we find that TsrA broadly controls V. cholerae infectivity via repression of key HAI virulence genes and many other targets in the H-NS regulon. IMPORTANCE Cholera is a potentially lethal disease that is endemic in much of the developing world. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium underlying the disease, infects humans utilizing proteins encoded on horizontally acquired genetic material. Here, we provide evidence that TsrA, a Vibrionaceae-specific protein, plays a critical role in regulating these genetic elements and is essential for V. cholerae virulence in a mouse intestinal model.
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