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Li X, Li Y, Xiong B, Qiu S. Progress of Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Stilbenoids. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:663. [PMID: 38794325 PMCID: PMC11124934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs have made outstanding contributions to the treatment of pathogenic infections. However, the emergence of drug resistance continues to be a major threat to human health in recent years, and therefore, the search for novel antimicrobial drugs is particularly urgent. With a deeper understanding of microbial habits and drug resistance mechanisms, various creative strategies for the development of novel antibiotics have been proposed. Stilbenoids, characterized by a C6-C2-C6 carbon skeleton, have recently been widely recognized for their flexible antimicrobial roles. Here, we comprehensively summarize the mode of action of stilbenoids from the viewpoint of their direct antimicrobial properties, antibiofilm and antivirulence activities and their role in reversing drug resistance. This review will provide an important reference for the future development and research into the mechanisms of stilbenoids as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Binghong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
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Kaur G, Kaur R, Sodhi GK, George N, Rath SK, Walia HK, Dwibedi V, Saxena S. Stilbenes: a journey from folklore to pharmaceutical innovation. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:229. [PMID: 38647675 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In modern times, medicine is predominantly based on evidence-based practices, whereas in ancient times, indigenous people relied on plant-based medicines with factual evidence documented in ancient books or folklore that demonstrated their effectiveness against specific infections. Plants and microbes account for 70% of drugs approved by the USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Stilbenes, polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants under stress conditions, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, bridging ancient wisdom with modern healthcare. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, initially discovered in grapes, red wine, peanuts, and blueberries, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including cardiovascular protection, antioxidant effects, anticancer activity, and neuroprotection. Traditional remedies, documented in ancient texts like the Ayurvedic Charak Samhita, foreshadowed the medicinal properties of stilbenes long before their modern scientific validation. Today, stilbenes are integral to the booming wellness and health supplement market, with resveratrol alone projected to reach a market value of 90 million US$ by 2025. However, challenges in stilbene production persist due to limited natural sources and costly extraction methods. Bioprospecting efforts reveal promising candidates for stilbene production, particularly endophytic fungi, which demonstrate high-yield capabilities and genetic modifiability. However, the identification of optimal strains and fermentation processes remains a critical consideration. The current review emphasizes the knowledge of the medicinal properties of Stilbenes (i.e., cardiovascular, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc.) isolated from plant and microbial sources, while also discussing strategies for their commercial production and future research directions. This also includes examples of novel stilbenes compounds reported from plant and endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Nancy George
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Harleen Kaur Walia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
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Bienvenu AL, Ballut L, Picot S. Specifically Targeting Metacaspases of Candida: A New Therapeutic Opportunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:90. [PMID: 38392762 PMCID: PMC10889698 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published a list of fungal priority pathogens, including Candida albicans and C. auris. The increased level of resistance of Candida is raising concern, considering the availability of only four classes of medicine. The WHO is seeking novel agent classes with different targets and mechanisms of action. Targeting Candida metacaspases to control intrinsic cell death could provide new therapeutic opportunities for invasive candidiasis. In this review, we provide the available evidence for Candida cell death, describe Candida metacaspases, and discuss the potential of Candida metacaspases to offer a new specific target. Targeting Candida cell death has good scientific rationale given that the fungicidal activity of many marketed antifungals is mediated, among others, by cell death triggering. But none of the available antifungals are specifically activating Candida metacaspases, making this target a new therapeutic opportunity for non-susceptible isolates. It is expected that antifungals based on the activation of fungi metacaspases will have a broad spectrum of action, as metacaspases have been described in many fungi, including filamentous fungi. Considering this original mechanism of action, it could be of great interest to combine these new antifungal candidates with existing antifungals. This approach would help to avoid the development of antifungal resistance, which is especially increasing in Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Service Pharmacie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
- Malaria Research Unit, University Lyon, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lionel Ballut
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, University Lyon, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kwun MS, Lee HJ, Lee DG. β-amyrin-induced apoptosis in Candida albicans triggered by calcium. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:630-636. [PMID: 34281656 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has urged researchers to discover alternatives for traditional antibiotics. β-amyrin, which is included in the category of triterpenoids extracted from plants, is known for its antimicrobial activity, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been revealed. This study was conducted to elucidate the antifungal mode of action of β-amyrin against Candida albicans. Based on the relevance between triterpenoids and oxidative molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were detected, which showed a noticeable increment. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in the cytosol was additionally analyzed, which was supported by interactions between two. Subsequently, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increment of mitochondrial Ca2+, and ROS concentration were monitored, which suggested mitochondrial dysfunction modulated by Ca2+. Further investigation confirmed oxidative damage through glutathione reduction and DNA fragmentation. Accumulation of lethal damages resulted in the activation of caspases and externalization of phosphatidylserine, indicating the induction of yeast apoptosis by β-amyrin in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Kwun
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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Kim S, Lee DG. Silver nanoparticles-induced H 2O 2 triggers apoptosis-like death and is associated with dinF in Escherichia coli. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:107-118. [PMID: 33327800 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents. AgNPs have been shown to inhibit the growth of and induce apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli. However, the precise mechanism of AgNPs-induced apoptosis-like death and association with DNA damage-inducible protein F (dinF), a gene of SOS response, is unknown. Here, AgNPs-contributing depletion of intracellular glutathione levels and deactivation of glutathione peroxidase were shown. This step, indicating disruption of the antioxidant system, resulted in overall oxidative stress. Furthermore, DNA oxidation was accompanied, leading to DNA fragmentation. In addition, AgNPs appeared to induce apoptosis-like death via the SOS response. We used sodium pyruvate - an H2O2 quencher - to study the contribution of H2O2, which showed attenuation of AgNPs-induced DNA damage, SOS response, and apoptosis-like death. In dinF mutant, the strain showed a higher degree of DNA damage and apoptotic features. In conclusion, AgNPs mediate apoptosis-like cell death by H2O2-induced oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, our result demonstrates that dinF participates in this process, which further supports that AgNPs induces SOS response. Our findings may contribute to expanding the new applications of AgNP-based nanomaterials in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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