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Sung K, Gao Y, Yu LR, Chon J, Hiett KL, Line JE, Kweon O, Park M, Khan SA. Phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic variations between poor and robust colonizing Campylobacter jejuni strains. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106766. [PMID: 38942248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of bacterial gastrointestinal disease in humans worldwide. This foodborne pathogen colonizes the intestinal tracts of chickens, and consumption of chicken and poultry products is identified as a common route of transmission. We analyzed two C. jejuni strains after oral challenge with 105 CFU/ml of C. jejuni per chick; one strain was a robust colonizer (A74/C) and the other a poor colonizer (A74/O). We also found extensive phenotypic differences in growth rate, biofilm production, and in vitro adherence, invasion, intracellular survival, and transcytosis. Strains A74/C and A74/O were genotypically similar with respect to their whole genome alignment, core genome, and ribosomal MLST, MLST, flaA, porA, and PFGE typing. The global proteomes of the two congenic strains were quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and 618 and 453 proteins were identified from A74/C and A74/O isolates, respectively. Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that carbon metabolism and motility proteins were distinctively overexpressed in strain A74/C. The robust colonizer also exhibited a unique proteome profile characterized by significantly increased expression of proteins linked to adhesion, invasion, chemotaxis, energy, protein synthesis, heat shock proteins, iron regulation, two-component regulatory systems, and multidrug efflux pump. Our study underlines phenotypic, genotypic, and proteomic variations of the poor and robust colonizing C. jejuni strains, suggesting that several factors may contribute to mediating the different colonization potentials of the isogenic isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jungwhan Chon
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Kelli L Hiett
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US FDA, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - J Eric Line
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Miseon Park
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Saeed A Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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Man L, Soh PXY, McEnearney TE, Cain JA, Dale AL, Cordwell SJ. Multi-Omics of Campylobacter jejuni Growth in Chicken Exudate Reveals Molecular Remodelling Associated with Altered Virulence and Survival Phenotypes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:860. [PMID: 38792690 PMCID: PMC11123243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis in the developed world. Infections are largely acquired from poultry produced for human consumption and poor food handling is thus a major risk factor. Chicken exudate (CE) is a liquid produced from defrosted commercial chicken products that facilitates C. jejuni growth. We examined the response of C. jejuni to growth in CE using a multi-omics approach. Changes in the C. jejuni proteome were assessed by label-based liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We quantified 1328 and 1304 proteins, respectively, in experiments comparing 5% CE in Mueller-Hinton (MH) medium and 100% CE with MH-only controls. These proteins represent 81.8% and 80.3% of the predicted C. jejuni NCTC11168 proteome. Growth in CE induced profound remodelling of the proteome. These changes were typically conserved between 5% and 100% CE, with a greater magnitude of change observed in 100% CE. We confirmed that CE induced C. jejuni biofilm formation, as well as increasing motility and resistance against oxidative stress, consistent with changes to proteins representing those functions. Assessment of the C. jejuni metabolome showed CE also led to increased intracellular abundances of serine, proline, and lactate that were correlated with the elevated abundances of their respective transporters. Analysis of carbon source uptake showed prolonged culture supernatant retention of proline and succinate in CE-supplemented medium. Metabolomics data provided preliminary evidence for the uptake of chicken-meat-associated dipeptides. C. jejuni exposed to CE showed increased resistance to several antibiotics, including polymyxin B, consistent with changes to tripartite efflux system proteins and those involved in the synthesis of lipid A. The C. jejuni CE proteome was also characterised by very large increases in proteins associated with iron acquisition, while a decrease in proteins containing iron-sulphur clusters was also observed. Our data suggest CE is both oxygen- and iron-limiting and provide evidence of factors required for phenotypic remodelling to enable C. jejuni survival on poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Man
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pamela X. Y. Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tess E. McEnearney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joel A. Cain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L. Dale
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Gunther NW, Nunez A, Bagi L, Abdul-Wakeel A, Ream A, Liu Y, Uhlich G. Butyrate decreases Campylobacter jejuni motility and biofilm partially through influence on LysR expression. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104310. [PMID: 37567643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The food pathogen Campylobacter jejuni both colonizes the lower intestines of poultry and infects the lower intestines of humans. The lower intestines of both poultry and humans are also home to a wide range of commensal organisms which compete with an organism like C. jejuni for space and resources. The commensal organisms are believed to protect humans against infection by pathogens of the digestive tract like C. jejuni. The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate is a metabolite commonly produced by commensal organisms within both the poultry and human digestive tract. We investigated the effect that physiologically relevant concentrations of butyrate have on C. jejuni under in vitro conditions. Butyrate at concentrations of 5 and 20 mM negatively impacted C. jejuni motility and biofilm formation. These two traits are believed important for C. jejuni's ability to infect the lower intestines of humans. Additionally, 20 mM butyrate concentrations were observed to influence the expression of a range of different Campylobacter proteins. Constitutive expression of one of these proteins, LysR, within a C. jejuni strain partially lessened the negative influence butyrate had on the bacteria's motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereus W Gunther
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA.
| | - Alberto Nunez
- Emeritis, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
| | - Lori Bagi
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
| | - Aisha Abdul-Wakeel
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
| | - Amy Ream
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
| | - Gaylen Uhlich
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USA
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Herzog MKM, Cazzaniga M, Peters A, Shayya N, Beldi L, Hapfelmeier S, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Frankel G, Gahan CG, Hardt WD. Mouse models for bacterial enteropathogen infections: insights into the role of colonization resistance. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172667. [PMID: 36794831 PMCID: PMC9980611 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, enteropathogenic bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality.1-3 Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Listeria are among the top five most commonly reported zoonotic pathogens in the European Union.4 However, not all individuals naturally exposed to enteropathogens go on to develop disease. This protection is attributable to colonization resistance (CR) conferred by the gut microbiota, as well as an array of physical, chemical, and immunological barriers that limit infection. Despite their importance for human health, a detailed understanding of gastrointestinal barriers to infection is lacking, and further research is required to investigate the mechanisms that underpin inter-individual differences in resistance to gastrointestinal infection. Here, we discuss the current mouse models available to study infections by non-typhoidal Salmonella strains, Citrobacter rodentium (as a model for enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni. Clostridioides difficile is included as another important cause of enteric disease in which resistance is dependent upon CR. We outline which parameters of human infection are recapitulated in these mouse models, including the impact of CR, disease pathology, disease progression, and mucosal immune response. This will showcase common virulence strategies, highlight mechanistic differences, and help researchers from microbiology, infectiology, microbiome research, and mucosal immunology to select the optimal mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias K.-M. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cazzaniga
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Audrey Peters
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nizar Shayya
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Beldi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cormac G.M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mo R, Zhu S, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Gao B. The evolutionary path of chemosensory and flagellar macromolecular machines in Campylobacterota. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010316. [PMID: 35834583 PMCID: PMC9321776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of macromolecular complex is a fundamental biological question, which is related to the origin of life and also guides our practice in synthetic biology. The chemosensory system is one of the complex structures that evolved very early in bacteria and displays enormous diversity and complexity in terms of composition and array structure in modern species. However, how the diversity and complexity of the chemosensory system evolved remains unclear. Here, using the Campylobacterota phylum with a robust “eco-evo” framework, we investigated the co-evolution of the chemosensory system and one of its important signaling outputs, flagellar machinery. Our analyses show that substantial flagellar gene alterations will lead to switch of its primary chemosensory class from one to another, or result in a hybrid of two classes. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the high-torque generating flagellar motor structure of Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori likely evolved in the last common ancestor of the Campylobacterota phylum. Later lineages that experienced significant flagellar alterations lost some key components of complex scaffolding structures, thus derived simpler structures than their ancestor. Overall, this study revealed the co-evolutionary path of the chemosensory system and flagellar system, and highlights that the evolution of flagellar structural complexity requires more investigation in the Bacteria domain based on a resolved phylogenetic framework, with no assumptions on the evolutionary direction. Chemosensory system is the most complicated signal transduction system in bacteria with great diversity in both composition and structural organization across species. One of its important signaling output is flagellar motility driven by a propeller, which is made of dozens of proteins and shows considerable variation and complexity surrounding the core motor structure in different species. The evolution of both chemosensory system and flagellum are important biological questions but remain obscure. Here, we carefully examined the evolutionary paths of chemosensory system and flagellar structure in a bacterial phylum, providing detailed molecular evidences for their co-evolution. Our study provides a paradigm to study the evolution of macromolecular complexes based on robust bacterial phylogeny and co-evolved systems/components in genome context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beile Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Arcobacter butzleri Biofilms: Insights into the Genes Beneath Their Formation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071280. [PMID: 35888999 PMCID: PMC9324650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri, the most prevalent species of the genus, has the demonstrated ability to adhere to various surfaces through biofilm production. The biofilm formation capability has been related to the expression of certain genes, which have not been characterized in A. butzleri. In order to increase the knowledge of this foodborne pathogen, the aim of this study was to assess the role of six biofilm-associated genes in campylobacteria (flaA, flaB, fliS, luxS, pta and spoT) in the biofilm formation ability of A. butzleri. Knockout mutants were constructed from different foodborne isolates, and static biofilm assays were conducted on polystyrene (PS), reinforced glass and stainless steel. Additionally, motility and Congo red binding assays were performed. In general, mutants in flaAB, fliS and luxS showed a decrease in the biofilm production irrespective of the surface; mutants in spoT showed an increase on stainless steel, and mutants in pta and spoT showed a decrease on reinforced glass but an increase on PS. Our work sheds light on the biofilm-related pathogenesis of A. butzleri, although future studies are necessary to achieve a satisfactory objective.
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Phoka T, Fule L, Da Fonseca JP, Cokelaer T, Picardeau M, Patarakul K. Investigating the role of the carbon storage regulator A (CsrA) in Leptospira spp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260981. [PMID: 34898610 PMCID: PMC8668096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon Storage Regulator A (CsrA) is a well-characterized post-transcriptional global regulator that plays a critical role in response to environmental changes in many bacteria. CsrA has been reported to regulate several metabolic pathways, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence-associated genes. The role of csrA in Leptospira spp., which are able to survive in different environmental niches and infect a wide variety of reservoir hosts, has not been characterized. To investigate the role of csrA as a gene regulator in Leptospira, we generated a L. biflexa csrA deletion mutant (ΔcsrA) and csrA overexpressing Leptospira strains. The ΔcsrA L. biflexa displayed poor growth under starvation conditions. RNA sequencing revealed that in rich medium only a few genes, including the gene encoding the flagellar filament protein FlaB3, were differentially expressed in the ΔcsrA mutant. In contrast, 575 transcripts were differentially expressed when csrA was overexpressed in L. biflexa. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed the RNA-seq data in the ΔcsrA mutant, showing direct binding of recombinant CsrA to flaB3 mRNA. In the pathogen L. interrogans, we were not able to generate a csrA mutant. We therefore decided to overexpress csrA in L. interrogans. In contrast to the overexpressing strain of L. biflexa, the overexpressing L. interrogans strain had poor motility on soft agar. The overexpressing strain of L. interrogans also showed significant upregulation of the flagellin flaB1, flaB2, and flaB4. The interaction of L. interrogans rCsrA and flaB4 was confirmed by EMSA. Our results demonstrated that CsrA may function as a global regulator in Leptospira spp. under certain conditions that cause csrA overexpression. Interestingly, the mechanisms of action and gene targets of CsrA may be different between non-pathogenic and pathogenic Leptospira strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerapat Phoka
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lenka Fule
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, French National Reference Centre for Leptospirosis, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Pipoli Da Fonseca
- Plate-forme Technologique Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cokelaer
- Plate-forme Technologique Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique – Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, French National Reference Centre for Leptospirosis, Paris, France
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: ,
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8
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Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, Padilha da Silva W. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacterjejuni. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105265. [PMID: 34699927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly frequent cause of gastrointestinal foodborne disease in humans throughout the world. Disease outcomes vary from mild to severe diarrhea, and in rare cases the Guillain-Barré syndrome or reactive arthritis can develop as a post-infection complication. Transmission to humans usually occurs via the consumption of a range of foods, especially those associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry meat, unpasteurized milk, and water-based environmental sources. When associated to food or water ingestion, the C. jejuni enters the human host intestine via the oral route and colonizes the distal ileum and colon. When it adheres and colonizes the intestinal cell surfaces, the C. jejuni is expected to express several putative virulence factors, which cause damage to the intestine either directly, by cell invasion and/or production of toxin(s), or indirectly, by triggering inflammatory responses. This review article highlights various C. jejuni characteristics - such as motility and chemotaxis - that contribute to the biological fitness of the pathogen, as well as factors involved in human host cell adhesion and invasion, and their potential role in the development of the disease. We have analyzed and critically discussed nearly 180 scientific articles covering the latest improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Bogacz M, El Abbar FM, Cox CA, Li J, Fiedler JS, Tran LKH, Tran PMH, Daugherty CL, Blake KH, Wang Z, Azadi P, Thompson SA. Binding of Campylobacter jejuni FliW Adjacent to the CsrA RNA-Binding Pockets Modulates CsrA Regulatory Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:531596. [PMID: 33505360 PMCID: PMC7829508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.531596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni CsrA is an mRNA-binding, post-transcriptional regulator that controls many metabolic- and virulence-related characteristics of this important pathogen. In contrast to E. coli CsrA, whose activity is modulated by binding to small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), C. jejuni CsrA activity is controlled by binding to the CsrA antagonist FliW. In this study, we identified the FliW binding site on CsrA. Deletion of the C-terminus of C. jejuni CsrA, which is extended relative to sRNA-binding CsrA proteins, abrogated FliW binding. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments were used to assess the interaction of FliW with wild-type CsrA and mutants thereof, in which every amino acid was individually mutated. Two CsrA mutations (V51A and N55A) resulted in a significant decrease in FliW binding. The V51A and N55A mutants also showed a decrease in CsrA-FliW complex formation, as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance. These residues were highly conserved in bacterial species containing CsrA orthologs whose activities are predicted to be regulated by FliW. The location of FliW binding was immediately adjacent to the two RNA-binding sites of the CsrA homodimer, suggesting the model that FliW binding to CsrA modulates its ability to bind to its mRNA targets either by steric hindrance, electrostatic repulsion, or by altering the overall structure of the RNA-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bogacz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Faiha M El Abbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Claudia A Cox
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jarred S Fiedler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lynn K H Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul M H Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - C Luke Daugherty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Kate H Blake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Stuart A Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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10
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Contact with the CsrA Core Is Required for Allosteric Inhibition by FliW in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2020; 203:JB.00574-20. [PMID: 33106347 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00574-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein CsrA is a posttranscriptional regulator encoded by genomes throughout the bacterial phylogeny. In the gammaproteobacteria, the activity of CsrA is inhibited by small RNAs that competitively sequester CsrA binding. In contrast, the firmicute Bacillus subtilis encodes a protein inhibitor of CsrA called FliW, which noncompetitively inhibits CsrA activity but for which the precise mechanism of antagonism is unclear. Here, we take an unbiased genetic approach to identify residues of FliW important for CsrA inhibition and these residues fall into two distinct spatial and functional classes. Most loss-of-function alleles mutated FliW residues surrounding the critical regulatory CsrA residue N55 and abolished interaction between the two proteins. Two loss-of-function alleles, however, mutated FliW residues near the CsrA core dimerization domain and maintained interaction with CsrA. One of the FliW alleles reversed a residue charge to disrupt a salt bridge with the CsrA core, and a compensatory charge reversal in the CsrA partner residue restored both the salt bridge and antagonism. We propose a model in which the initial interaction between FliW and CsrA is necessary but not sufficient for antagonism, and for which salt bridge formation with, and deformation of, the CsrA core domain is likely required to allosterically abolish RNA-binding activity.IMPORTANCE CsrA is a small dimeric protein that binds RNA and is one of the few known examples of transcript-specific protein regulators of translation in bacteria. A protein called FliW binds to and antagonizes CsrA to govern flagellin homeostasis and flagellar assembly. Despite having a high-resolution three-dimensional structure of the FliW-CsrA complex, the mechanism of noncompetitive inhibition remains unresolved. Here, we identify FliW residues required for antagonism and we find that the residues make a linear connection in the complex from initial binding interaction with CsrA to a critical salt bridge near the core of the CsrA dimer. We propose that the salt bridge represents an allosteric contact that distorts the CsrA core to prevent RNA binding.
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11
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Pourciau C, Lai YJ, Gorelik M, Babitzke P, Romeo T. Diverse Mechanisms and Circuitry for Global Regulation by the RNA-Binding Protein CsrA. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601352. [PMID: 33193284 PMCID: PMC7652899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon storage regulator (Csr) or repressor of stationary phase metabolites (Rsm) system of Gammaproteobacteria is among the most complex and best-studied posttranscriptional regulatory systems. Based on a small RNA-binding protein, CsrA and homologs, it controls metabolism, physiology, and bacterial lifestyle decisions by regulating gene expression on a vast scale. Binding of CsrA to sequences containing conserved GGA motifs in mRNAs can regulate translation, RNA stability, riboswitch function, and transcript elongation. CsrA governs the expression of dozens of transcription factors and other regulators, further expanding its influence on cellular physiology, and these factors can participate in feedback to the Csr system. Expression of csrA itself is subject to autoregulation via translational inhibition and indirect transcriptional activation. CsrA activity is controlled by small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs), CsrB and CsrC in Escherichia coli, which contain multiple high affinity CsrA binding sites that compete with those of mRNA targets. Transcription of CsrB/C is induced by certain nutrient limitations, cellular stresses, and metabolites, while these RNAs are targeted for degradation by the presence of a preferred carbon source. Consistent with these findings, CsrA tends to activate pathways and processes that are associated with robust growth and repress stationary phase metabolism and stress responses. Regulatory loops between Csr components affect the signaling dynamics of the Csr system. Recently, systems-based approaches have greatly expanded our understanding of the roles played by CsrA, while reinforcing the notion that much remains to be learned about the Csr system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pourciau
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ying-Jung Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark Gorelik
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paul Babitzke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Tony Romeo
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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Sobrero PM, Valverde C. Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins of the CsrA Family in the Genus Pseudomonas. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:127. [PMID: 32754614 PMCID: PMC7366521 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is adjusted according to cellular needs through a combination of mechanisms acting at different layers of the flow of genetic information. At the posttranscriptional level, RNA-binding proteins are key factors controlling the fate of nascent and mature mRNAs. Among them, the members of the CsrA family are small dimeric proteins with heterogeneous distribution across the bacterial tree of life, that act as global regulators of gene expression because they recognize characteristic sequence/structural motifs (short hairpins with GGA triplets in the loop) present in hundreds of mRNAs. The regulatory output of CsrA binding to mRNAs is counteracted in most cases by molecular mimic, non-protein coding RNAs that titrate the CsrA dimers away from the target mRNAs. In γ-proteobacteria, the regulatory modules composed by CsrA homologs and the corresponding antagonistic sRNAs, are mastered by two-component systems of the GacS-GacA type, which control the transcription and the abundance of the sRNAs, thus constituting the rather linear cascade Gac-Rsm that responds to environmental or cellular signals to adjust and coordinate the expression of a set of target genes posttranscriptionally. Within the γ-proteobacteria, the genus Pseudomonas has been shown to contain species with different number of active CsrA (RsmA) homologs and of molecular mimic sRNAs. Here, with the help of the increasing availability of genomic data we provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of the remarkable multiplicity of CsrA lineages, including novel yet uncharacterized paralogues, and discuss evolutionary aspects of the CsrA subfamilies of the genus Pseudomonas, and implications of the striking presence of csrA alleles in natural mobile genetic elements (phages and plasmids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Martín Sobrero
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Beneficiosas para Plantas, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología del Suelo, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Valverde
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Beneficiosas para Plantas, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología del Suelo, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Tram G, Day CJ, Korolik V. Bridging the Gap: A Role for Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E452. [PMID: 32210099 PMCID: PMC7143964 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Cases of Campylobacteriosis are common, as the organism is an avian commensal and is passed on to humans through contaminated poultry meat, water, and food preparation areas. Although typically a fastidious organism, C. jejuni can survive outside the avian intestinal tract until it is able to reach a human host. It has long been considered that biofilms play a key role in transmission of this pathogen. The aim of this review is to examine factors that trigger biofilm formation in C. jejuni. A range of environmental elements have been shown to initiate biofilm formation, which are then affected by a suite of intrinsic factors. We also aim to further investigate the role that biofilms may play in the life cycle of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
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14
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El Abbar FM, Li J, Owen HC, Daugherty CL, Fulmer CA, Bogacz M, Thompson SA. RNA Binding by the Campylobacter jejuni Post-transcriptional Regulator CsrA. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1776. [PMID: 31447808 PMCID: PMC6692469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that commensally inhabits the intestinal tracts of livestock and birds, and which also persists in surface waters. C. jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis, and these infections are sometimes associated with the development of post-infection sequelae such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Flagella are considered a primary virulence factor in C. jejuni, as these organelles are required for pathogenicity-related phenotypes including motility, biofilm formation, host cell interactions, and host colonization. The post-transcriptional regulator CsrA regulates the expression of the major flagellin FlaA by binding to flaA mRNA and repressing its translation. Additionally, CsrA has previously been shown to regulate 120–150 proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. The amino acid sequence of C. jejuni CsrA is significantly different from that of Escherichia coli CsrA, and no previous research has defined the amino acids of C. jejuni CsrA that are critical for RNA binding. In this study, we used in vitro SELEX to identify the consensus RNA sequence mAwGGAs to which C. jejuni CsrA binds with high affinity. We performed saturating site-directed mutagenesis on C. jejuni CsrA and assessed the regulatory activity of these mutant proteins, using a reporter system encoding the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) upstream of flaA linked translationally to the C. jejuni astA gene. These assays allowed us to identify 19 amino acids that were involved in RNA binding by CsrA, with many but not all of these amino acids clustered in predicted beta strands that are involved in RNA binding by E. coli CsrA. Decreased flaA mRNA binding by mutant CsrA proteins L2A and A36V was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The majority of the amino acids implicated in RNA binding were conserved among diverse Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiha M El Abbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Harry C Owen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - C Luke Daugherty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Claudia A Fulmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Marek Bogacz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Stuart A Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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15
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Taylor AJ, Kelly DJ. The function, biogenesis and regulation of the electron transport chains in Campylobacter jejuni: New insights into the bioenergetics of a major food-borne pathogen. Adv Microb Physiol 2019; 74:239-329. [PMID: 31126532 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic Epsilonproteobacterium that grows in the gastrointestinal tract of birds and mammals, and is the most frequent cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. As an oxygen-sensitive microaerophile, C. jejuni has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the host intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Despite its small genome size, C. jejuni is a versatile and metabolically active pathogen, with a complex and highly branched set of respiratory chains allowing the use of a wide range of electron donors and alternative electron acceptors in addition to oxygen, including fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, tetrathionate and N- or S-oxides. Several novel enzymes participate in these electron transport chains, including a tungsten containing formate dehydrogenase, a Complex I that uses flavodoxin and not NADH, a periplasmic facing fumarate reductase and a cytochrome c tetrathionate reductase. This review presents an updated description of the composition and bioenergetics of these various respiratory chains as they are currently understood, including recent work that gives new insights into energy conservation during electron transport to various alternative electron acceptors. The regulation of synthesis and assembly of the electron transport chains is also discussed. A deeper appreciation of the unique features of the respiratory systems of C. jejuni may be helpful in informing strategies to control this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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