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Guo H, Xu C, Wang F, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu D, Zhao J, Xia C, Gu Y, Wang Z, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. Transcriptome analysis and functional verification reveal the roles of copper in resistance to potato virus Y infection in tobacco. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105893. [PMID: 38685255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important pathogens in the genus Potyvirus that seriously harms agricultural production. Copper (Cu), as a micronutrient, is closely related to plant immune response. In this study, we found that foliar application of Cu could inhibit PVY infection to some extent, especially at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). To explore the effect of Cu on PVY infection, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on PVY-infected tobacco with or without Cu application. Several key pathways regulated by Cu were identified, including plant-pathogen interaction, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and photosynthesis. Moreover, the results of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays revealed that NbMLP423, NbPIP2, NbFd and NbEXPA played positive roles in resistance to PVY infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing NtEXPA11 showed increased resistance to PVY infection. These results contribute to clarify the role and regulatory mechanism of Cu against PVY infection, and provide candidate genes for disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.; Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Jinchao Zhao
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China..
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China..
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Cui J, Wang X, Li M, Zhang L, Kang J. Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of Expansin Gene Family in Medicago sativa L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4700. [PMID: 38731920 PMCID: PMC11083626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansins, a class of cell-wall-loosening proteins that regulate plant growth and stress resistance, have been studied in a variety of plant species. However, little is known about the Expansins present in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) due to the complexity of its tetraploidy. Based on the alfalfa (cultivar "XinjiangDaye") reference genome, we identified 168 Expansin members (MsEXPs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that MsEXPs consist of four subfamilies: MsEXPAs (123), MsEXPBs (25), MsEXLAs (2), and MsEXLBs (18). MsEXPAs, which account for 73.2% of MsEXPs, and are divided into twelve groups (EXPA-I-EXPA-XII). Of these, EXPA-XI members are specific to Medicago trunctula and alfalfa. Gene composition analysis revealed that the members of each individual subfamily shared a similar structure. Interestingly, about 56.3% of the cis-acting elements were predicted to be associated with abiotic stress, and the majority were MYB- and MYC-binding motifs, accounting for 33.9% and 36.0%, respectively. Our short-term treatment (≤24 h) with NaCl (200 mM) or PEG (polyethylene glycol, 15%) showed that the transcriptional levels of 12 MsEXPs in seedlings were significantly altered at the tested time point(s), indicating that MsEXPs are osmotic-responsive. These findings imply the potential functions of MsEXPs in alfalfa adaptation to high salinity and/or drought. Future studies on MsEXP expression profiles under long-term (>24 h) stress treatment would provide valuable information on their involvement in the response of alfalfa to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
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Földi C, Merényi Z, Balázs B, Csernetics Á, Miklovics N, Wu H, Hegedüs B, Virágh M, Hou Z, Liu XB, Galgóczy L, Nagy LG. Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning of fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes). mSystems 2024; 9:e0120823. [PMID: 38334416 PMCID: PMC10949477 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphogenesis of sexual fruiting bodies of fungi is a complex process determined by a genetically encoded program. Fruiting bodies reached the highest complexity levels in the Agaricomycetes; yet, the underlying genetics is currently poorly known. In this work, we functionally characterized a highly conserved gene termed snb1, whose expression level increases rapidly during fruiting body initiation. According to phylogenetic analyses, orthologs of snb1 are present in almost all agaricomycetes and may represent a novel conserved gene family that plays a substantial role in fruiting body development. We disrupted snb1 using CRISPR/Cas9 in the agaricomycete model organism Coprinopsis cinerea. snb1 deletion mutants formed unique, snowball-shaped, rudimentary fruiting bodies that could not differentiate caps, stipes, and lamellae. We took advantage of this phenotype to study fruiting body differentiation using RNA-Seq analyses. This revealed differentially regulated genes and gene families that, based on wild-type RNA-Seq data, were upregulated early during development and showed tissue-specific expression, suggesting a potential role in differentiation. Taken together, the novel gene family of snb1 and the differentially expressed genes in the snb1 mutants provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying developmental patterning in the Agaricomycetes. IMPORTANCE Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are complex multicellular structures, with a spatially and temporally integrated developmental program that is, however, currently poorly known. In this study, we present a novel, conserved gene family, Snowball (snb), termed after the unique, differentiation-less fruiting body morphology of snb1 knockout strains in the model mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea. snb is a gene of unknown function that is highly conserved among agaricomycetes and encodes a protein of unknown function. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of the early developmental stages of differentiated wild-type and non-differentiated mutant fruiting bodies revealed conserved differentially expressed genes which may be related to tissue differentiation and developmental patterning fruiting body development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csenge Földi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Merényi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Balázs
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Csernetics
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Miklovics
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hongli Wu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Botond Hegedüs
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Virágh
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zhihao Hou
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xiao-Bin Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Galgóczy
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Nagy
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Weiland P, Dempwolff F, Steinchen W, Freibert S, Tian H, Glatter T, Martin R, Thomma BPHJ, Bange G, Altegoer F. Structural and functional analysis of the cerato-platanin-like protein Cpl1 suggests diverging functions in smut fungi. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:768-787. [PMID: 37171083 PMCID: PMC10257043 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic fungi are causative agents of the majority of plant diseases and can lead to severe crop loss in infected populations. Fungal colonization is achieved by combining different strategies, such as avoiding and counteracting the plant immune system and manipulating the host metabolome. Of major importance are virulence factors secreted by fungi, which fulfil diverse functions to support the infection process. Most of these proteins are highly specialized, with structural and biochemical information often absent. Here, we present the atomic structures of the cerato-platanin-like protein Cpl1 from Ustilago maydis and its homologue Uvi2 from Ustilago hordei. Both proteins adopt a double-Ψβ-barrel architecture reminiscent of cerato-platanin proteins, a class so far not described in smut fungi. Our structure-function analysis shows that Cpl1 binds to soluble chitin fragments via two extended grooves at the dimer interface of the two monomer molecules. This carbohydrate-binding mode has not been observed previously and expands the repertoire of chitin-binding proteins. Cpl1 localizes to the cell wall of U. maydis and might synergize with cell wall-degrading and decorating proteins during maize infection. The architecture of Cpl1 harbouring four surface-exposed loop regions supports the idea that it might play a role in the spatial coordination of these proteins. While deletion of cpl1 has only mild effects on the virulence of U. maydis, a recent study showed that deletion of uvi2 strongly impairs U. hordei virulence. Our structural comparison between Cpl1 and Uvi2 reveals sequence variations in the loop regions that might explain a diverging function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weiland
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Felix Dempwolff
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Sven‐Andreas Freibert
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Institute of CytobiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Protein Biochemistry and Spectroscopy Core Facility, Institute of CytobiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Hui Tian
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
| | - Roman Martin
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer SciencePhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Bart P. H. J. Thomma
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
| | - Gert Bange
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
| | - Florian Altegoer
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
- Institute of MicrobiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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5
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Cosgrove DJ, Hepler NK, Wagner ER, Durachko DM. Biomechanical Weakening of Paper and Plant Cell Walls by Bacterial Expansins. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:79-88. [PMID: 37149523 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Expansins are proteins that loosen plant cell walls but lack enzymatic activity. Here we describe two protocols tailored to measure the biomechanical activity of bacterial expansin. The first assay relies on the weakening of filter paper by expansin. The second assay is based on induction of creep (long-term, irreversible extension) of plant cell wall samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Nathan K Hepler
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Edward R Wagner
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Daniel M Durachko
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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6
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Basso MF, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Moreira-Pinto CE, Mendes RAG, Pereira DG, Grandis A, Macedo LLP, Macedo AF, Gomes ACMM, Arraes FBM, Togawa RC, do Carmo Costa MM, Marcelino-Guimaraes FC, Silva MCM, Floh EIS, Buckeridge MS, de Almeida Engler J, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Overexpression of the GmEXPA1 gene reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:137-152. [PMID: 36348064 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the soybean GmEXPA1 gene reduces plant susceptibility to M. incognita by the increase of root lignification. Plant expansins are enzymes that act in a pH-dependent manner in the plant cell wall loosening and are associated with improved tolerance or resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) can alter the expression profile of several expansin genes in infected root cells. Studies have shown that overexpression or downregulation of particular expansin genes can reduce plant susceptibility to PPNs. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate sedentary endoparasites of the genus Meloidogyne spp. of which M. incognita is one of the most reported species. Herein, using a transcriptome dataset and real-time PCR assays were identified an expansin A gene (GmEXPA1; Glyma.02G109100) that is upregulated in the soybean nematode-resistant genotype PI595099 compared to the susceptible cultivar BRS133 during plant parasitism by M. incognita. To understand the role of the GmEXPA1 gene during the interaction between soybean plant and M. incognita were generated stable A. thaliana and N. tabacum transgenic lines. Remarkably, both A. thaliana and N. tabacum transgenic lines overexpressing the GmEXPA1 gene showed reduced susceptibility to M. incognita. Furthermore, plant growth, biomass accumulation, and seed yield were not affected in these transgenic lines. Interestingly, significant upregulation of the NtACC oxidase and NtEFE26 genes, involved in ethylene biosynthesis, and NtCCR and Nt4CL genes, involved in lignin biosynthesis, was observed in roots of the N. tabacum transgenic lines, which also showed higher lignin content. These data suggested a possible link between GmEXPA1 gene expression and increased lignification of the root cell wall. Therefore, these data support that engineering of the GmEXPA1 gene in soybean offers a powerful biotechnology tool to assist in RKN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernando Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Clidia Eduarda Moreira-Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Reneida Aparecida Godinho Mendes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Debora Gonçalves Pereira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima Pepino Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Macedo
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Roberto Coiti Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Marcos Mota do Carmo Costa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Francismar Corrêa Marcelino-Guimaraes
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
- Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil.
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7
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Ding S, Liu X, Hakulinen N, Taherzadeh MJ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin X, Wang X, Yao B, Luo H, Tu T. Boosting enzymatic degradation of cellulose using a fungal expansin: Structural insight into the pretreatment mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127434. [PMID: 35680086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass greatly hinders its enzymatic degradation. Expansins induce cell wall loosening and promote efficient cellulose utilization; however, the molecular mechanism underlying their action is not well understood. In this study, TlEXLX1, a fungal expansin from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, was characterized in terms of phylogeny, synergy, structure, and mechanism of action. TlEXLX1 displayed varying degrees of synergism with commercial cellulase in the pretreatment of corn straw and filter paper. TlEXLX1 binds to cellulose via domain 2, mediated by CH-π interactions with residues Tyr291, Trp292, and Tyr327. Residues Asp237, Glu238, and Asp248 in domain 1 form hydrogen bonds with glucose units and break the inherent hydrogen bonding within the cellulose matrix. This study identified the expansin amino acid residues crucial for cellulose binding, and elucidated the structure and function of expansins in cell wall networks; this has potential applications in biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjia Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80130, Finland
| | | | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Feng X, Li C, He F, Xu Y, Li L, Wang X, Chen Q, Li F. Genome-Wide Identification of Expansin Genes in Wild Soybean ( Glycine soja) and Functional Characterization of Expansin B1 ( GsEXPB1) in Soybean Hair Root. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5407. [PMID: 35628217 PMCID: PMC9140629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild soybean, the progenitor and close relative of cultivated soybean, has an excellent environmental adaptation ability and abundant resistance genes. Expansins, as a class of cell wall relaxation proteins, have important functions in regulating plant growth and stress resistance. In the present study, we identified a total of 75 members of the expansin family on the basis of recent genomic data published for wild soybean. The predicted results of promoter elements structure showed that wild soybean expansin may be associated with plant hormones, stress responses, and growth. Basal transcriptome data of vegetative organs suggest that the transcription of expansin members has some organ specificity. Meanwhile, the transcripts of some members had strong responses to salt, low temperature and drought stress. We screened and obtained an expansin gene, GsEXPB1, which is transcribed specifically in roots and actively responds to salt stress. The results of A. tumefaciens transient transfection showed that this protein was localized in the cell wall of onion epidermal cells. We initially analyzed the function of GsEXPB1 by a soybean hairy root transformation assay and found that overexpression of GsEXPB1 significantly increased the number of hairy roots, root length, root weight, and the tolerance to salt stress. This research provides a foundation for subsequent studies of expansins in wild soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cuiting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Fumeng He
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Yongqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.); (L.L.); (X.W.)
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9
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Dora S, Terrett OM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Plant-microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1532-1550. [PMID: 35157079 PMCID: PMC9048882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant-microbe interactions.
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10
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Cheung AY, Cosgrove DJ, Hara-Nishimura I, Jürgens G, Lloyd C, Robinson DG, Staehelin LA, Weijers D. A rich and bountiful harvest: Key discoveries in plant cell biology. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:53-71. [PMID: 34524464 PMCID: PMC8773953 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of plant cell biology has a rich history of discovery, going back to Robert Hooke's discovery of cells themselves. The development of microscopes and preparation techniques has allowed for the visualization of subcellular structures, and the use of protein biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology has enabled the identification of proteins and mechanisms that regulate key cellular processes. In this review, seven senior plant cell biologists reflect on the development of this research field in the past decades, including the foundational contributions that their teams have made to our rich, current insights into cell biology. Topics covered include signaling and cell morphogenesis, membrane trafficking, cytokinesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and cell wall biology. In addition, these scientists illustrate the pathways to discovery in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | | | - Gerd Jürgens
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | - Clive Lloyd
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | - David G Robinson
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Author for correspondence: (A.Y.C.), (D.J.C.), (I.H.N.), (G.J.), (C.L.), (D.G.R.), (L.A.S.) (D.W.)
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11
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Pi L, Yin Z, Duan W, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Dou D. A G-type lectin receptor-like kinase regulates the perception of oomycete apoplastic expansin-like proteins. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:183-201. [PMID: 34825772 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is one of the most harmful pathogens in agriculture, which threatens the safe production of multiple crops and causes serious economic losses worldwide. Here, we identified a P. capsici expansin-like protein, PcEXLX1, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from Nicotiana benthamiana apoplastic fluid infected with P. capsici. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated PcEXLX1 knockout mutants exhibited significantly enhanced virulence, while the overexpression of PcEXLX1 impaired the virulence. Prokaryotically expressed PcEXLX1 activated multiple plant immune responses, which were BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1)- and suppressor of BIR1-1 (SOBIR1)-dependent. Furthermore, overexpression of PcEXLX1 homologs in N. benthamiana could also increase plant resistance to P. capsici. A G-type lectin receptor-like kinase from N. benthamiana, expansin-regulating kinase 1 (ERK1), was shown to regulate the perception of PcEXLX1 and positively mediate the plant resistance to P. capsici. These results reveal that the expansin-like protein, PcEXLX1, is a novel apoplastic effector with plant immunity-inducing activity of oomycetes, perception of which is regulated by the receptor-like kinase, ERK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pi
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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12
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Thomas GH. Microbial Musings - November 2020. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2020; 166:1004-1006. [PMID: 33252324 PMCID: PMC7723258 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin H Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, UK
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