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Noel HR, Petrey JR, Palmer LD. Mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter antibiotic-resistance acquisition and dissemination. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:166-182. [PMID: 36316792 PMCID: PMC9771954 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Acinetobacter species, most notably Acinetobacter baumannii, are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Acinetobacter infections are of particular concern to global health due to the high rates of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance. Widespread genome sequencing and analysis has determined that bacterial antibiotic resistance is often acquired and disseminated through the movement of mobile genetic elements, including insertion sequences (IS), transposons, integrons, and conjugative plasmids. In Acinetobacter specifically, resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins is highly correlated with IS, as many ISAba elements encode strong outwardly facing promoters that are required for sufficient expression of β-lactamases to confer clinical resistance. Here, we review the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species through the framework of the mechanism of resistance acquisition and with a focus on experimentally validated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Noel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jessica R. Petrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Lauren D. Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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2
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Lu J, Ding P, Wang Y, Guo J. Antidepressants promote the spread of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes via transformation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:63. [PMID: 37938640 PMCID: PMC9330934 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance as an unavoidable consequence of the application of antimicrobials is a significant concern for human health. Antidepressants are being increasingly consumed globally. Human gut microbial communities are frequently exposed to antidepressants, yet little is known about the interaction between antidepressants and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether antidepressants can accelerate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance by increasing the rate of the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results demonstrated that some of the commonly-prescribed antidepressants (Duloxetine, Sertraline, Fluoxetine and Bupropion) at clinically relevant concentrations can significantly (n = 9; padj < 0.01) promote the transformation of extracellular ARGs into Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 for a maximum of 2.3-fold, which is primarily associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The increased cell membrane permeability and porosity, stimulated transcription and translation of competence, SOS response, universal stress response and ATP synthesis-related genes are also associated with antidepressants-enhanced transformation. This study demonstrated that some antidepressants can speed up the spread of antibiotic resistance by promoting the transformation of ARGs, which emphasizes the necessity to assess the potential risks of antidepressants in spreading antibiotic resistance during clinical antidepressant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Pengbo Ding
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Hu Y, Zheng J, Zhang J. Natural Transformation in Acinetobacter baumannii W068: A Genetic Analysis Reveals the Involvements of the CRP, XcpV, XcpW, TsaP, and TonB2. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738034. [PMID: 35126321 PMCID: PMC8811193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious threat to public health, and there is increasing attention to the development of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium. Natural transformation is a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism that can lead to antibiotic resistance. To better understand the mechanism of natural transformation in A. baumannii, we selected a clinical isolate that was transformable but had no visible extracellular type IV pili (T4P) filaments and then examined the effects of multiple single-gene knockouts on natural plasmid transformation. Among 33 candidate genes, 28 knockout mutants had severely or completely impaired transformability. Some of these genes had established roles in T4P biogenesis; DNA transfer across the outer membrane, periplasm, or inner membrane; and protection of intracellular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Other genes had no previously reported roles in natural transformation of A. baumannii, including competence activator cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a periplasmic protein that may function in T4P assembly (TonB2), a T4P secretin-associated protein (TsaP), and two type II secretion system (T2SS) minor pseudopilus assembly prime complex competent proteins (XcpV and XcpW). The deletion of the T2SS assembly platform protein X had no effect on transformation, and the minor pseudopilins were capable of initiating major pilin assembly. Thus, we speculate that XcpV and XcpW may function in DNA uptake with major pilin assembly, a non-T2SS-dependent mechanism and that a competence pseudopilus similar to T4P constituted the central part of the DNA uptake complex. These results may help guide future research on the alarming increase of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Zhang,
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van Dijk B, Bertels F, Stolk L, Takeuchi N, Rainey PB. Transposable elements promote the evolution of genome streamlining. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200477. [PMID: 34839699 PMCID: PMC8628081 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have distinct genome architectures, with marked differences in genome size, the ratio of coding/non-coding DNA, and the abundance of transposable elements (TEs). As TEs replicate independently of their hosts, the proliferation of TEs is thought to have driven genome expansion in eukaryotes. However, prokaryotes also have TEs in intergenic spaces, so why do prokaryotes have small, streamlined genomes? Using an in silico model describing the genomes of single-celled asexual organisms that coevolve with TEs, we show that TEs acquired from the environment by horizontal gene transfer can promote the evolution of genome streamlining. The process depends on local interactions and is underpinned by rock-paper-scissors dynamics in which populations of cells with streamlined genomes beat TEs, which beat non-streamlined genomes, which beat streamlined genomes, in continuous and repeating cycles. Streamlining is maladaptive to individual cells, but improves lineage viability by hindering the proliferation of TEs. Streamlining does not evolve in sexually reproducing populations because recombination partially frees TEs from the deleterious effects they cause. This article is part of the theme issue 'The secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram van Dijk
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Frederic Bertels
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Lianne Stolk
- Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Nobuto Takeuchi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul B. Rainey
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
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Winter M, Buckling A, Harms K, Johnsen PJ, Vos M. Antimicrobial resistance acquisition via natural transformation: context is everything. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 64:133-138. [PMID: 34710742 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural transformation is a process where bacterial cells actively take up free DNA from the environment and recombine it into their genome or reconvert it into extra-chromosomal genetic elements. Although this mechanism is known to mediate the uptake of antibiotic resistance determinants in a range of human pathogens, its importance in the spread of antimicrobial resistance is not always appreciated. This review highlights the context in which transformation takes place: in diverse microbiomes, in interaction with other forms of horizontal gene transfer and in increasingly polluted environments. This examination of the abiotic and biotic drivers of transformation reveals that it could be more important in the dissemination of resistance genes than is often recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macaulay Winter
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Buckling
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Harms
- Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Jarle Johnsen
- Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michiel Vos
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
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Thomas GH. Microbial Musings – January 2021. Microbiology (Reading) 2021; 167. [PMID: 33512314 PMCID: PMC8116778 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
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