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Cardarelli S, Miele AE, Campolo F, Massimi M, Mancini P, Biagioni S, Naro F, Giorgi M, Saliola M. Cellular Redox Metabolism Is Modulated by the Distinct Localization of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 5A Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158587. [PMID: 35955722 PMCID: PMC9368758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cAMP and/or cGMP hydrolyzing enzymes, components of transduction pathways regulating crucial aspects of cell life. Among them, cGMP-specific PDE5—being a regulator of vascular smooth muscle contraction—is the molecular target of several drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Production of full-length murine PDE5A isoforms in the milk-yeast Kluyveromyces lactis showed that the quaternary assembly of MmPDE5A1 is a mixture of dimers and tetramers, while MmPDE5A2 and MmPDE5A3 only assembled as dimers. We showed that the N-terminal peptide is responsible for the tetramer assembly of MmPDE5A1, while that of the MmPDE5A2 is responsible for its mitochondrial localization. Overexpression of the three isoforms alters at different levels the cAMP/cGMP equilibrium as well as the NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H balance and induces a metabolic switch from oxidative to fermentative. In particular, the mitochondrial localization of MmPDE5A2 unveiled the existence of a cAMP-cGMP signaling cascade in this organelle, for which we propose a metabolic model that could explain the role of PDE5 in some cardiomyopathies and some of the side effects of its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- UMR 5280 ISA-CNRS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de La Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
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Betinova V, Toth Hervay N, Elias D, Horvathova A, Gbelska Y. The UPC2 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis stress adaptation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:641-647. [PMID: 35352326 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
KlUpc2p, a transcription factor belonging to the fungal binuclear cluster family, is an important regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis and azole drug resistance in Kluyveromyces lactis. In this work, we show that the absence of KlUpc2p generates Rag- phenotype and modulates the K. lactis susceptibility to oxidants and calcofuor white. The KlUPC2 deletion leads to increased expression of KlMGA2 gene, encoding an important regulator of hypoxic and lipid biosynthetic genes in K. lactis and also KlHOG1 gene. The absence of KlUpc2p does not lead to statistically significant changes in glycerol, corroborating the expression of KlGPD1 gene, encoding NAD+-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, that is similar in both the deletion mutant and the parental wild-type strain. Increased sensitivity of Klupc2 mutant cells to brefeldin A accompanied with significant increase in KlARF2 gene expression point to the involvement of KlUpc2p in intracellular signaling. Our observations highlight the connections between ergosterol and fatty acid metabolism to modulate membrane properties and point to the possible involvement of KlUpc2p in K. lactis oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Betinova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Elias
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Agnes Horvathova
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Cardarelli S, Giorgi M, Naro F, Malatesta F, Biagioni S, Saliola M. Use of the KlADH3 promoter for the quantitative production of the murine PDE5A isoforms in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:159. [PMID: 28938916 PMCID: PMC5610471 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP), signal molecules in transduction pathways regulating crucial aspects of cell life. PDEs regulate the intensity and duration of the cyclic nucleotides signal modulating the downstream biological effect. Due to this critical role associated with the extensive distribution and multiplicity of isozymes, the 11 mammalian families (PDE1 to PDE11) constitute key therapeutic targets. PDE5, one of these cGMP-specific hydrolysing families, is the molecular target of several well known drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Kluyveromyces lactis, one of the few yeasts capable of utilizing lactose, is an attractive host alternative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous protein production. Here we established K. lactis as a powerful host for the quantitative production of the murine PDE5 isoforms. RESULTS Using the promoter of the highly expressed KlADH3 gene, multicopy plasmids were engineered to produce the native and recombinant Mus musculus PDE5 in K. lactis. Yeast cells produced large amounts of the purified A1, A2 and A3 isoforms displaying Km, Vmax and Sildenafil inhibition values similar to those of the native murine enzymes. PDE5 whose yield was nearly 1 mg/g wet weight biomass for all three isozymes (30 mg/L culture), is well tolerated by K. lactis cells without major growth deficiencies and interferences with the endogenous cAMP/cGMP signal transduction pathways. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the entire PDE5 isozymes family containing both regulatory and catalytic domains has been produced at high levels in a heterologous eukaryotic organism. K. lactis has been shown to be a very promising host platform for large scale production of mammalian PDEs for biochemical and structural studies and for the development of new specific PDE inhibitors for therapeutic applications in many pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Malatesta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Rodríguez-González M, Kawasaki L, Velázquez-Zavala N, Domínguez-Martín E, Trejo-Medecigo A, Martagón N, Espinoza-Simón E, Vázquez-Ibarra A, Ongay-Larios L, Georgellis D, de Nadal E, Posas F, Coria R. Role of the Sln1-phosphorelay pathway in the response to hyperosmotic stress in the yeastKluyveromyces lactis. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:822-836. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Laura Kawasaki
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Nancy Velázquez-Zavala
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Eunice Domínguez-Martín
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Abraham Trejo-Medecigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Natalia Martagón
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Emilio Espinoza-Simón
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Araceli Vázquez-Ibarra
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Dimitris Georgellis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona E-08003 Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona E-08003 Spain
| | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
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Cardarelli S, D'Amici S, Tassone P, Tramonti A, Uccelletti D, Mancini P, Saliola M. Characterization of the transcription factor encoding gene, KlADR1: metabolic role in Kluyveromyces lactis and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1933-1944. [PMID: 27655407 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Adr1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in the transcriptional activation of ADH2. Deletion of KlADR1, its putative ortholog in Kluyveromyces lactis, led to reduced growth in glycerol, oleate and yeast extract-peptone medium suggesting, as in S. cerevisiae, its requirement for glycerol, fatty acid and nitrogen utilization. Moreover, growth comparison on yeast extract and peptone plates showed in K. lactis a KlAdr1-dependent growth trait not present in S. cerevisiae, indicating different metabolic roles of the two factors in their environmental niches. KlADR1 is required for growth under respiratory and fermentative conditions like KlADH, alcohol dehydrogenase genes necessary for metabolic adaptation during the growth transition. Using in-gel native alcohol dehydrogenase assay, we showed that this factor affected the Adh pattern by altering the balance between these activities. Since the activity most affected by KlAdr1 is KlAdh3, a deletion analysis of the KlADH3 promoter allowed the isolation of a DNA fragment through which KlAdr1 modulated its expression. The expression of the KlADR1-GFP gene allowed the intracellular localization of the factor in K. lactis and S. cerevisiae, suggesting in the two yeasts a common mechanism of KlAdr1 translocation under fermentative and respiratory conditions. Finally, the chimeric Kl/ScADR1 gene encoding the zinc-finger domains of KlAdr1 fused to the transactivating domains of the S. cerevisiae factor activated in Scadr1Δ the transcription of ADH2 in a ScAdr1-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sirio D'Amici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tassone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Tramonti
- CNR Department of Biochemical Sciences 'Rossi Fanelli', Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Ineffective Phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1p in Response to High Osmotic Stress in the Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2015; 14:922-30. [PMID: 26150414 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00048-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
When treated with a hyperosmotic stimulus, Kluyveromyces lactis cells respond by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) K. lactis Hog1 (KlHog1) protein via two conserved branches, SLN1 and SHO1. Mutants affected in only one branch can cope with external hyperosmolarity by activating KlHog1p by phosphorylation, except for single ΔKlste11 and ΔKlste50 mutants, which showed high sensitivity to osmotic stress, even though the other branch (SLN1) was intact. Inactivation of both branches by deletion of KlSHO1 and KlSSK2 also produced sensitivity to high salt. Interestingly, we have observed that in ΔKlste11 and ΔKlsho1 ΔKlssk2 mutants, which exhibit sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress, and contrary to what would be expected, KlHog1p becomes phosphorylated. Additionally, in mutants lacking both MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) present in K. lactis (KlSte11p and KlSsk2p), the hyperosmotic stress induced the phosphorylation and nuclear internalization of KlHog1p, but it failed to induce the transcriptional expression of KlSTL1 and the cell was unable to grow in high-osmolarity medium. KlHog1p phosphorylation via the canonical HOG pathway or in mutants where the SHO1 and SLN1 branches have been inactivated requires not only the presence of KlPbs2p but also its kinase activity. This indicates that when the SHO1 and SLN1 branches are inactivated, high-osmotic-stress conditions activate an independent input that yields active KlPbs2p, which, in turn, renders KlHog1p phosphorylation ineffective. Finally, we found that KlSte11p can alleviate the sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress displayed by a ΔKlsho1 ΔKlssk2 mutant when it is anchored to the plasma membrane by adding the KlSho1p transmembrane segments, indicating that this chimeric protein can substitute for KlSho1p and KlSsk2p.
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Tramonti A, Saliola M. Glucose 6-phosphate and alcohol dehydrogenase activities are components of dynamic macromolecular depots structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1120-30. [PMID: 25662817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane-associated respiratory complexes, purinosome and many intracellular soluble activities have reported to be organized in dynamic multi-component macromolecular complexes using native PAGE, 2D SDS-PAGE, electron and systematic microscopy and genome-wide GFP fusion library. METHODS In-gel staining assays, SDS-PAGE and LC-MSMS techniques were performed on cellular extracts to analyze, isolate and identify the proteins associated with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) I isoform in both Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. RESULTS Analysis of LC-MSMS data showed that a large number of components, belonging to glycolysis, pentose phosphate, folding and stress response pathways, were associated with G6PDH and Adh1 putative complexes and that a number of these proteins were identical in either network in both yeasts. However, comparison of in-gel staining assays for hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, ADH and G6PDH showed that, despite their identification in these structures, functional localization of these activities varied according to growth conditions and to NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H redox ratio. CONCLUSIONS Reported data show that intracellular proteins are organized in large dynamic 'depots' and the NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H redox balance is one of the major factors regulating the assembly and the re-assortment of components inside the different metabolic structures. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The aim of this work is directed towards the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the assembly, organization, functioning and dynamic re-assortment of cellular components according to physiological and/or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tramonti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, CNR-Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Saliola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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ER stress induced by the OCH1 mutation triggers changes in lipid homeostasis in Kluyveromyces lactis. Res Microbiol 2015; 166:84-92. [PMID: 25576775 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Kluyveromyces lactis yeast, OCH1 encodes for the α-1,6-mannosyltrasferase that adds the initial α-1,6-mannose to the outer-chains of N-glycoproteins. Kloch1-1 mutant cells showed altered calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Since ER plays a major role in lipid biosynthesis and lipid droplet (LD) formation, herein the impact of Och1p depletion on lipid homeostasis was investigated. Transcriptional profiles of genes involved in biosynthesis of fatty acids, their amount and composition changed in mutant cells. An increased amount of ergosterol was determined in these cells. Enhanced transcription of genes involved in both synthesis and mobilization of LDs was also found in Kloch1-1 cells, accompanied by a reduced amount of LDs. We provide evidence that ER alterations, determined by protein misfolding as a result of reduced N-glycosylation, induced altered lipid homeostasis in Kloch1-1 cells. Chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) slightly alleviated the LD phenotype in cells depleted of Och1p. Remarkably, complete suppression of ER stress, via increased expression of plasma membrane calcium channel subunit Mid1, fully restored lipid homeostasis in mutant cells. To further reinforce this finding, low numbers of LDs were observed in wild type cells when ER stress was triggered by DTT treatment.
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Gorietti D, Zanni E, Palleschi C, Delfini M, Uccelletti D, Saliola M, Miccheli A. Depletion of casein kinase I leads to a NAD(P)(+)/NAD(P)H balance-dependent metabolic adaptation as determined by NMR spectroscopy-metabolomic profile in Kluyveromyces lactis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:556-64. [PMID: 24144565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Crabtree-negative Kluyveromyces lactis yeast the rag8 mutant is one of nineteen complementation groups constituting the fermentative-deficient model equivalent to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiratory petite mutants. These mutants display pleiotropic defects in membrane fatty acids and/or cell walls, osmo-sensitivity and the inability to grow under strictly anaerobic conditions (Rag(-) phenotype). RAG8 is an essential gene coding for the casein kinase I, an evolutionary conserved activity involved in a wide range of cellular processes coordinating morphogenesis and glycolytic flux with glucose/oxygen sensing. METHODS A metabolomic approach was performed by NMR spectroscopy to investigate how the broad physiological roles of Rag8, taken as a model for all rag mutants, coordinate cellular responses. RESULTS Statistical analysis of metabolomic data showed a significant increase in the level of metabolites in reactions directly involved in the reoxidation of the NAD(P)H in rag8 mutant samples with respect to the wild type ones. We also observed an increased de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. On the contrary, the production of metabolites in pathways leading to the reduction of the cofactors was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The changes in metabolite levels in rag8 showed a metabolic adaptation that is determined by the intracellular NAD(P)(+)/NAD(P)H redox balance state. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The inadequate glycolytic flux of the mutant leads to a reduced/asymmetric distribution of acetyl-CoA to the different cellular compartments with loss of the fatty acid dynamic respiratory/fermentative adaptive balance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gorietti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Rodicio R, Heinisch JJ. Yeast on the milky way: genetics, physiology and biotechnology of Kluyveromyces lactis. Yeast 2013; 30:165-77. [PMID: 23576126 DOI: 10.1002/yea.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has a life cycle similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and can be employed as a model eukaryote using classical genetics, such as the combination of desired traits, by crossing and tetrad analysis. Likewise, a growing set of vectors, marker cassettes and tags for fluorescence microscopy are available for manipulation by genetic engineering and investigating its basic cell biology. We here summarize these applications, as well as the current knowledge regarding its central metabolism, glucose and extracellular stress signalling pathways. A short overview on the biotechnological potential of K. lactis concludes this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaura Rodicio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Kaszycki P, Walski T, Hachicho N, Heipieper HJ. Biostimulation by methanol enables the methylotrophic yeasts Hansenula polymorpha and Trichosporon sp. to reveal high formaldehyde biodegradation potential as well as to adapt to this toxic pollutant. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5555-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Micolonghi C, Ottaviano D, Di Silvio E, Damato G, Heipieper HJ, Bianchi MM. A dual signalling pathway for the hypoxic expression of lipid genes, dependent on the glucose sensor Rag4, is revealed by the analysis of the KlMGA2 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:1734-1744. [PMID: 22516223 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.059402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, little is known about the factors regulating the metabolic response to oxygen shortage. After searching for homologues of characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulators of the hypoxic response, we identified a gene that we named KlMGA2, which is homologous to MGA2. The deletion of KlMGA2 strongly reduced both the fermentative and respiratory growth rate and altered fatty acid composition and the unsaturation index of membranes. The reciprocal heterologous expression of MGA2 and KlMGA2 in the corresponding deletion mutant strains suggested that Mga2 and KlMga2 are functional homologues. KlMGA2 transcription was induced by hypoxia and the glucose sensor Rag4 mediated the hypoxic induction of KlMGA2. Transcription of lipid biosynthetic genes KlOLE1, KlERG1, KlFAS1 and KlATF1 was induced by hypoxia and was dependent on KlMga2, except for KlOLE1. Rag4 was required for hypoxic induction of transcription for both KlMga2-dependent (KlERG1) and KlMga2-independent (KlOLE1) structural genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micolonghi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ottaviano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Di Silvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damato
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michele M Bianchi
- Pasteur Institut Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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