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Zhang R, Liu P, Wang Y, Roberts AP, Bai J, Liu Y, Zhu K, Du Z, Chen G, Pan Y, Li J. Phylogenetics and biomineralization of a novel magnetotactic Gammaproteobacterium from a freshwater lake in Beijing, China. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad150. [PMID: 37974050 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have the remarkable capability of producing intracellularly membrane-enveloped magnetic nanocrystals (i.e. magnetosomes) and swimming along geomagnetic field lines. Despite more than 50 years of research, bacterial diversity and magnetosome biomineralization within MTB are relatively less known in the Gammaproteobacteria class than other groups. This is incompatible with the status of Gammaproteobacteria as the most diverse class of gram-negative bacteria with a number of ecologically important bacteria. Here, we identify a novel MTB strain YYHR-1 affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria class of the Pseudomonadota phylum from a freshwater lake. In YYHR-1, most magnetosome crystals are organized into a long chain aligned along the cell long axis; unusually, a few small superparamagnetic crystals are located at the side of the chain, off the main chain axis. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that magnetostatic interactions among adjacent crystals within a chain reduce the Gibbs energy to enhance chain stability. Genomic analysis suggests that duplication of magnetosome gene clusters may result in off-chain magnetosomes formation. By integrating available genomic data from Gammaproteobacteria, the phylogenetic position of MTB in this class is reassigned here. Our new findings expand knowledge about MTB diversity and magnetosome biomineralization, and deepen understanding of the phylogenetics of the Gammaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrew P Roberts
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jinling Bai
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kelei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100789. [PMID: 36290927 PMCID: PMC9599632 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.
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Li J, Liu P, Menguy N, Zhang X, Wang J, Benzerara K, Feng L, Sun L, Zheng Y, Meng F, Gu L, Leroy E, Hao J, Chu X, Pan Y. Intracellular silicification by early-branching magnetotactic bacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6045. [PMID: 35559677 PMCID: PMC9106300 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosilicification-the formation of biological structures composed of silica-has a wide distribution among eukaryotes; it plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles, and has driven the decline of dissolved silicon in the oceans through geological time. While it has long been thought that eukaryotes are the only organisms appreciably affecting the biogeochemical cycling of Si, the recent discoveries of silica transporter genes and marked silicon accumulation in bacteria suggest that prokaryotes may play an underappreciated role in the Si cycle, particularly in ancient times. Here, we report a previously unidentified magnetotactic bacterium that forms intracellular, amorphous silica globules. This bacterium, phylogenetically affiliated with the phylum Nitrospirota, belongs to a deep-branching group of magnetotactic bacteria that also forms intracellular magnetite magnetosomes and sulfur inclusions. This contribution reveals intracellularly controlled silicification within prokaryotes and suggests a previously unrecognized influence on the biogeochemical Si cycle that was operational during early Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eric Leroy
- ICMPE, University Paris East, UMR 7182, CNRS, 2-8 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, Cedex 94320, France
| | - Jialong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Amor M, Wan J, Egli R, Carlut J, Gatel C, Andersen IM, Snoeck E, Komeili A. Key Signatures of Magnetofossils Elucidated by Mutant Magnetotactic Bacteria and Micromagnetic Calculations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2022; 127:e2021JB023239. [PMID: 35444924 PMCID: PMC9017866 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb023239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce single-stranded or multi-stranded chains of magnetic nanoparticles that contribute to the magnetization of sediments and rocks. Their magnetic fingerprint can be detected in ancient geological samples and serve as a unique biosignature of microbial life. However, some fossilized assemblages bear contradictory signatures pointing to magnetic components that have distinct origin(s). Here, using micromagnetic simulations and mutant MTB producing looped magnetosome chains, we demonstrate that the observed magnetofossil fingerprints are produced by a mixture of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains, and that diagenetically induced chain collapse, if occurring, must preserve the strong uniaxial anisotropy of native chains. This anisotropy is the key factor for distinguishing magnetofossils from other populations of natural magnetite particles, including those with similar individual crystal characteristics. Furthermore, the detailed properties of magnetofossil signatures depend on the proportion of equant and elongated magnetosomes, as well as on the relative abundances of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains. This work has important paleoclimatic, paleontological, and phylogenetic implications, as it provides reference data to differentiate distinct MTB lineages according to their chain and magnetosome morphologies, which will enable the tracking of the evolution of some of the most ancient biomineralizing organisms in a time-resolved manner. It also enables a more accurate discrimination of different sources of magnetite particles, which is pivotal for gaining better environmental and relative paleointensity reconstructions from sedimentary records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Aix‐Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAMSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceFrance
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Ramon Egli
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)ViennaAustria
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Julie Carlut
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
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5
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A Novel Magnetotactic Alphaproteobacterium Producing Intracellular Magnetite and Calcium-Bearing Minerals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0155621. [PMID: 34756060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01556-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are prokaryotes that form intracellular magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) nanocrystals with tailored sizes, often in chain configurations. Such magnetic particles are each surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, called a magnetosome, and provide a model system for studying the formation and function of specialized internal structures in prokaryotes. Using fluorescence-coupled scanning electron microscopy, we identified a novel magnetotactic spirillum, XQGS-1, from freshwater Xingqinggong Lake, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that strain XQGS-1 represents a novel genus of the Alphaproteobacteria class in the Proteobacteria phylum. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that strain XQGS-1 forms on average 17 ± 3 magnetite magnetosome particles with an ideal truncated octahedral morphology, with an average length and width of 88.3 ± 11.7 nm and 83.3 ± 11.0 nm, respectively. They are tightly organized into a single chain along the cell long axis close to the concave side of the cell. Intrachain magnetic interactions likely result in these large equidimensional magnetite crystals behaving as magnetically stable single-domain particles that enable bacterial magnetotaxis. Combined structural and chemical analyses demonstrate that XQGS-1 cells also biomineralize intracellular amorphous calcium phosphate (2 to 3 granules per cell; 90.5- ± 19.3-nm average size) and weakly crystalline calcium carbonate (2 to 3 granules per cell; 100.4- ± 21.4-nm average size) in addition to magnetite. Our results expand the taxonomic diversity of MTB and provide evidence for intracellular calcium phosphate biomineralization in MTB. IMPORTANCE Biomineralization is a widespread process in eukaryotes that form shells, teeth, or bones. It also occurs commonly in prokaryotes, resulting in more than 60 known minerals formed by different bacteria under wide-ranging conditions. Among them, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are remarkable because they might represent the earliest organisms that biomineralize intracellular magnetic iron minerals (i.e., magnetite [Fe3O4] or greigite [Fe3S4]). Here, we report a novel magnetotactic spirillum (XQGS-1) that is phylogenetically affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria class. In addition to magnetite crystals, XQGS-1 cells form intracellular submicrometer calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate granules. This finding supports the view that MTB are also an important microbial group for intracellular calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate biomineralization.
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6
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Jayaraman J, Sigamani S, Ramamurthy D. Metal biosorption by magnetotactic bacteria isolated from fresh water sediments and characterization of extracted magnetosomes. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5951-5962. [PMID: 34529112 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the present study is to isolate and identify magnetotactic bacteria from fresh water sediments in Salem region, Tamil Nadu. Fresh water sediments were collected and characterized by X-ray diffraction to detect the crystalline nature of particles. Totally 12 isolates were screened for the metal biosorption efficiency in modified nutrient agar plates with 10 mg (lower concentration) of four different metals viz., manganese chloride, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and potassium dichromate. Followed by testing their ability to tolerate higher concentration of metals viz., 20 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg, 70 mg, 90 mg and 150 mg/50 ml was analyzed. Only four bacteria survived the highest concentration of manganese and zinc (3000 µg/ml), CuSO4 and K2Cr2O7 at a concentration of 1400 µg/ml and 1800 µg/ml, respectively. The four bacterial strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were grown in modified nutrient broth (NB) and Luria Bertani (LB) incorporated with metals such as manganese, zinc, copper and chromium and tested for their efficacy to sustain metal stress. Since the two bacterial strains (SBY and KY1) were able to grow in both medium with a potential to with stand higher metal concentration these strains were further studied. A metal tolerant magnetotactic bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa SBY was confirmed by TEM analysis to detect the accumulated metal within the cell. As bacterial strains were capable of tolerating higher concentration of metal, they may have a vital role in environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamunadevi Jayaraman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Santhosh Sigamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Dhandapani Ramamurthy
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India.
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7
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Liu P, Tamaxia A, Liu Y, Qiu H, Pan J, Jin Z, Zhao X, Roberts AP, Pan Y, Li J. Identification and characterization of magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria from a salt evaporation pool, Bohai Bay, China. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:938-950. [PMID: 33876543 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes that can produce intracellular chain-assembled nanocrystals of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ). Compared with their wide distribution in the Alpha-, Eta- and Delta-proteobacteria classes, few MTB strains have been identified in the Gammaproteobacteria class, resulting in limited knowledge of bacterial diversity and magnetosome biomineralization within this phylogenetic branch. Here, we identify two magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria strains (tentatively named FZSR-1 and FZSR-2 respectively) from a salt evaporation pool in Bohai Bay, at the Fuzhou saltern, Dalian City, eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that strain FZSR-2 is the same species as strains SHHR-1 and SS-5, which were discovered previously from brackish and hypersaline environments respectively. Strain FZSR-1 represents a novel species. Compared with strains FZSR-2, SHHR-1 and SS-5 in which magnetite particles are assembled into a single chain, FZSR-1 cells form relatively narrower magnetite nanoparticles that are often organized into double chains. We find a good relationship between magnetite morphology within strains FZSR-2, SHHR-1 and SS-5 and the salinity of the environment in which they live. This study expands the bacterial diversity of magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria and provides new insights into magnetosome biomineralization within magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alima Tamaxia
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juntong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew P Roberts
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Segovia-Campos I, Martignier A, Filella M, Jaquet JM, Ariztegui D. Micropearls and other intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate: an unsuspected biomineralization capacity shared by diverse microorganisms. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:537-550. [PMID: 33817930 PMCID: PMC9292747 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unsuspected biomineralization process, which produces intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), was recently discovered in unicellular eukaryotes. These mineral inclusions, called micropearls, can be highly enriched with other alkaline‐earth metals (AEM) such as Sr and Ba. Similar intracellular inclusions of ACC have also been observed in prokaryotic organisms. These comparable biomineralization processes involving phylogenetically distant microorganisms are not entirely understood yet. This review gives a broad vision of the topic in order to establish a basis for discussion on the possible molecular processes behind the formation of the inclusions, their physiological role, the impact of these microorganisms on the geochemical cycles of AEM and their evolutionary relationship. Finally, some insights are provided to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Segovia-Campos
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Martignier
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Filella
- Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Jaquet
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ariztegui
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
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9
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Intracellular amorphous Ca-carbonate and magnetite biomineralization by a magnetotactic bacterium affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:1-18. [PMID: 32839547 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria synthesize a wide range of intracellular submicrometer-sized inorganic precipitates of diverse chemical compositions and structures, called biominerals. Their occurrences, functions and ultrastructures are not yet fully described despite great advances in our knowledge of microbial diversity. Here, we report bacteria inhabiting the sediments and water column of the permanently stratified ferruginous Lake Pavin, that have the peculiarity to biomineralize both intracellular magnetic particles and calcium carbonate granules. Based on an ultrastructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), we showed that the calcium carbonate granules are amorphous and contained within membrane-delimited vesicles. Single-cell sorting, correlative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular typing of populations inhabiting sediments affiliated these bacteria to a new genus of the Alphaproteobacteria. The partially assembled genome sequence of a representative isolate revealed an atypical structure of the magnetosome gene cluster while geochemical analyses indicate that calcium carbonate production is an active process that costs energy to the cell to maintain an environment suitable for their formation. This discovery further expands the diversity of organisms capable of intracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization. If the role of such biomineralization is still unclear, cell behaviour suggests that it may participate to cell motility in aquatic habitats as magnetite biomineralization does.
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10
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Xing W, Hu H, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Wang W, Pan H, Zhang S, Yan L. Magnetotactic bacteria diversity of and magnetism contribution to sediment in Wudalianchi volcanic barrier lakes, NE China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137348. [PMID: 32088486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the members of sediment microorganisms, play an important role in geochemical iron-cycling and sediment magnetism. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and magnetism contribution of MTB in three volcanic barrier lakes with different waterbody types (open waterbody, YC; semi-enclosed waterbody, WB; and enclosed waterbody, YYP). High-throughput sequencing results showed that MTB affiliated to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Nitrospira distributed widely in these lakes. The genera of Magnetococcus (98.10%) and Candidatus Magnetoovum (1.47%) were endemic to YC and WB, respectively. The changes in frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd) values before and after magnetic collection in YC, WB and YYP samples were - 0.28%, 0.05% and - 0.22%, respectively. The magnetic susceptibility was significantly associated with Chao1 (R2 = 0.637 to 0.763, p < .01) and Shannon index (R2 = 0.803 to 0.998, p < .01). The room- and low-temperature magnetic characteristics of sediment samples were analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Results indicated that the presence or absence of MTB could lead to the changes in the room- and low-temperature magnetism of volcanic lake sediments, which would extend our knowledge of MTB magnetism contribution to volcanic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Huixin Hu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Institute of Volcano and Spring, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Wudalianchi 164155, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Temporal and spatial variations in the bacterial community composition in Lake Bosten, a large, brackish lake in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:304. [PMID: 31941936 PMCID: PMC6962391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria inhabiting brackish lake environments in arid or semi-arid regions have not been thoroughly identified. In this study, the 454 pyrosequencing method was used to study the sedimentary bacterial community composition (BCC) and diversity in Lake Bosten, which is located in the arid regions of northwestern China. A total of 210,233 high-quality sequence reads and 8,427 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were successfully obtained from 20 selected sediment samples. The samples were quantitatively dominated by members of Proteobacteria (34.1% ± 11.0%), Firmicutes (21.8% ± 21.9%) and Chloroflexi (13.8% ± 5.2%), which accounted for more than 69% of the bacterial sequences. The results showed that (i) Lake Bosten had significant spatial heterogeneity, and TOC(total organic carbon), TN(total nitrogen) and TP(total phosphorus) were the most important contributors to bacterial diversity; (ii) there was lower taxonomic richness in Lake Bosten, which is located in an arid region, than in reference lakes in eutrophic floodplains and marine systems; and (iii) there was a low percentage of dominant species in the BCC and a high percentage of unidentified bacteria. Our data help to better describe the diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in contaminated brackish lakes in arid regions and how microbes respond to environmental changes in these stable inland waters in arid or semi-arid regions.
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Leão P, Le Nagard L, Yuan H, Cypriano J, Da Silva-Neto I, Bazylinski DA, Acosta-Avalos D, de Barros HL, Hitchcock AP, Lins U, Abreu F. Magnetosome magnetite biomineralization in a flagellated protist: evidence for an early evolutionary origin for magnetoreception in eukaryotes. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:1495-1506. [PMID: 31188524 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most well-recognized magnetoreception behaviour is that of the magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), which synthesize membrane-bounded magnetic nanocrystals called magnetosomes via a biologically controlled process. The magnetic minerals identified in prokaryotic magnetosomes are magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and greigite (Fe3 S4 ). Magnetosome crystals, regardless of composition, have consistent, species-specific morphologies and single-domain size range. Because of these features, magnetosome magnetite crystals possess specific properties in comparison to abiotic, chemically synthesized magnetite. Despite numerous discoveries regarding MTB phylogeny over the last decades, this diversity is still considered underestimated. Characterization of magnetotactic microorganisms is important as it might provide insights into the origin and establishment of magnetoreception in general, including eukaryotes. Here, we describe the magnetotactic behaviour and characterize the magnetosomes from a flagellated protist using culture-independent methods. Results strongly suggest that, unlike previously described magnetotactic protists, this flagellate is capable of biomineralizing its own anisotropic magnetite magnetosomes, which are aligned in complex aggregations of multiple chains within the cell. This organism has a similar response to magnetic field inversions as MTB. Therefore, this eukaryotic species might represent an early origin of magnetoreception based on magnetite biomineralization. It should add to the definition of parameters and criteria to classify biogenic magnetite in the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Le Nagard
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jefferson Cypriano
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inácio Da Silva-Neto
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Adam P Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marcuello C, Chambel L, Rodrigues MS, Ferreira LP, Cruz MM. Magnetotactic Bacteria: Magnetism Beyond Magnetosomes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:555-559. [PMID: 30371384 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2878085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are a group of organisms deeply studied in the last years due to their interesting magnetic behavior and potential applications in nanometrology, hyperthermia, and biosensor devices. One intrinsic common characteristic is the presence, inside the bacteria, of magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes. The role of magnetosomes as bacterial tools to orient the bacteria and find new habitats is universally accepted, but the way they develop still is not fully understood. A strain of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum was grown and investigated at the nanoscale using transmission electron microscopy and atomic/magnetic force microscopy techniques. Magnetosomes were observed as well as long filaments with magnetic response that could be associated to the actin-like filaments being crucial to allow the nanoparticles orientation and magnetosomes formation. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to visualize these reproducible long-range size magnetic crystalline structures.
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Reply to Wang and Chen: An ancient origin of magnetotactic bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5019-E5020. [PMID: 28607095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707301114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Single-Cell Resolution of Uncultured Magnetotactic Bacteria via Fluorescence-Coupled Electron Microscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00409-17. [PMID: 28389550 PMCID: PMC5452806 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00409-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) form intracellular chain-assembled nanocrystals of magnetite or greigite termed magnetosomes. The characterization of magnetosome crystals requires electron microscopy due to their nanoscopic sizes. However, electron microscopy does not provide phylogenetic information for MTB. We have developed a strategy for the simultaneous and rapid phylogenetic and biomineralogical characterization of uncultured MTB at the single-cell level. It consists of four steps: (i) enrichment of MTB cells from an environmental sample, (ii) 16S rRNA gene sequencing of MTB, and (iii) fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses coordinated with (iv) transmission or scanning electron microscopy of the probe-hybridized cells. The application of this strategy identified a magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria strain, SHHR-1, from brackish sediments collected from the Shihe River estuary in Qinhuangdao City, China. SHHR-1 magnetosomes are elongated prismatic magnetites which can be idealized as hexagonal prisms. Taxonomic groups of uncultured MTB were also identified in freshwater sediments from Lake Miyun in northern Beijing via this novel coordinated fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy method based on four group-specific rRNA-targeted probes. Our analyses revealed that major magnetotactic taxonomic groups can be accurately determined only with coordinated scanning electron microscopy observations on fluorescently labeled single cells due to limited group coverage and specificity for existing group-specific MTB fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. Our reported strategy is simple and efficient, offers great promise toward investigating the diversity and biomineralization of MTB, and may also be applied to other functional groups of microorganisms. IMPORTANCE Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are phylogenetically diverse and biomineralize morphologically diverse magnetic nanocrystals of magnetite or greigite in intracellular structures termed magnetosomes. However, many uncultured MTB strains have not been phylogenetically identified or structurally investigated at the single-cell level, which limits our comprehensive understanding of the diversity of MTB and their role in biomineralization. We developed a fluorescence-coupled electron microscopy method for the rapid phylogenetic and biomineralogical characterization of uncultured MTB at the single-cell level. Using this novel method, we successfully identified taxonomic groups of several uncultured MTB and one novel magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria strain, SHHR-1, from natural environments. Our analyses further indicate that strain SHHR-1 forms elongated prismatic magnetites. Our findings provide a promising strategy for the rapid characterization of phylogenetic and biomineralogical properties of uncultured MTB at the single-cell level. Furthermore, due to its simplicity and generalized methodology, this strategy can also be useful in the study of the diversity and biomineralization properties of microbial taxa involved in other mineralization processes.
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Zhang H, Menguy N, Wang F, Benzerara K, Leroy E, Liu P, Liu W, Wang C, Pan Y, Chen Z, Li J. Magnetotactic Coccus Strain SHHC-1 Affiliated to Alphaproteobacteria Forms Octahedral Magnetite Magnetosomes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:969. [PMID: 28611762 PMCID: PMC5447723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are morphologically and phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes. They can form intracellular chain-assembled magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) nanocrystals each enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane called a magnetosome. Magnetotactic cocci have been found to be the most abundant morphotypes of MTB in various aquatic environments. However, knowledge on magnetosome biomineralization within magnetotactic cocci remains elusive due to small number of strains that have been cultured. By using a coordinated fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy method, we discovered a unique magnetotactic coccus strain (tentatively named SHHC-1) in brackish sediments collected from the estuary of Shihe River in Qinhuangdao city, eastern China. It phylogenetically belongs to the Alphaproteobacteria class. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that SHHC-1 cells formed many magnetite-type magnetosomes organized as two bundles in each cell. Each bundle contains two parallel chains with smaller magnetosomes generally located at the ends of each chain. Unlike most magnetotactic alphaproteobacteria that generally form magnetosomes with uniform crystal morphologies, SHHC-1 magnetosomes display a more diverse variety of crystal morphology even within a single cell. Most particles have rectangular and rhomboidal projections, whilst others are triangular, or irregular. High resolution transmission electron microscopy observations coupled with morphological modeling indicate an idealized model-elongated octahedral crystals, a form composed of eight {111} faces. Furthermore, twins, multiple twins and stack dislocations are frequently observed in the SHHC-1 magnetosomes. This suggests that biomineralization of strain SHHC-1 magnetosome might be less biologically controlled than other magnetotactic alphaproteobacteria. Alternatively, SHHC-1 is more sensitive to the unfavorable environments under which it lives, or a combination of both factors may have controlled the magnetosome biomineralization process within this unique MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,IMPMC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206Paris, France
| | - Fuxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Karim Benzerara
- IMPMC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206Paris, France
| | - Eric Leroy
- France Chimie Me'tallurgique des Terres Rares, ICMPE, UMR 7182, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueThiais, France
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhibao Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China.,France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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North-Seeking Magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria in the Southern Hemisphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5595-602. [PMID: 27401974 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01545-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) comprise a phylogenetically diverse group of prokaryotes capable of orienting and navigating along magnetic field lines. Under oxic conditions, MTB in natural environments in the Northern Hemisphere generally display north-seeking (NS) polarity, swimming parallel to the Earth's magnetic field lines, while those in the Southern Hemisphere generally swim antiparallel to magnetic field lines (south-seeking [SS] polarity). Here, we report a population of an uncultured, monotrichously flagellated, and vibrioid MTB collected from a brackish lagoon in Brazil in the Southern Hemisphere that consistently exhibits NS polarity. Cells of this organism were mainly located below the oxic-anoxic interface (OAI), suggesting it is capable of some type of anaerobic metabolism. Magnetosome crystalline habit and composition were consistent with elongated prismatic magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that this organism belongs to a distinct clade of the Gammaproteobacteria class. The presence of NS MTB in the Southern Hemisphere and the previously reported finding of SS MTB in the Northern Hemisphere reinforce the idea that magnetotaxis is more complex than we currently understand and may be modulated by factors other than O2 concentration and redox gradients in sediments and water columns. IMPORTANCE Magnetotaxis is a navigational mechanism used by magnetotactic bacteria to move along geomagnetic field lines and find an optimal position in chemically stratified sediments. For that, magnetotactic bacteria swim parallel to the geomagnetic field lines under oxic conditions in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas those in the Southern Hemisphere swim antiparallel to magnetic field lines. A population of uncultured vibrioid magnetotactic bacteria was discovered in a brackish lagoon in the Southern Hemisphere that consistently swim northward, i.e., the opposite of the overwhelming majority of other Southern Hemisphere magnetotactic bacteria. This finding supports the idea that magnetotaxis is more complex than previously thought.
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