1
|
Search for polyoma-, herpes-, and bornaviruses in squirrels of the family Sciuridae. Virol J 2020; 17:42. [PMID: 32220234 PMCID: PMC7099801 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squirrels (family Sciuridae) are globally distributed members of the order Rodentia with wildlife occurrence in indigenous and non-indigenous regions (as invasive species) and frequent presence in zoological gardens and other holdings. Multiple species introductions, strong inter-species competition as well as the recent discovery of a novel zoonotic bornavirus resulted in increased research interest on squirrel pathogens. Therefore we aimed to test a variety of squirrel species for representatives of three virus families. METHODS Several species of the squirrel subfamilies Sciurinae, Callosciurinae and Xerinae were tested for the presence of polyomaviruses (PyVs; family Polyomaviridae) and herpesviruses (HVs; family Herpesviridae), using generic nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specificity for the PyV VP1 gene and the HV DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene, respectively. Selected animals were tested for the presence of bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae), using both a broad-range orthobornavirus- and a variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)-specific reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS In addition to previously detected bornavirus RNA-positive squirrels no more animals tested positive in this study, but four novel PyVs, four novel betaherpesviruses (BHVs) and six novel gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) were identified. For three PyVs, complete genomes could be amplified with long-distance PCR (LD-PCR). Splice sites of the PyV genomes were predicted in silico for large T antigen, small T antigen, and VP2 coding sequences, and experimentally confirmed in Vero and NIH/3T3 cells. Attempts to extend the HV DPOL sequences in upstream direction resulted in contiguous sequences of around 3.3 kilobase pairs for one BHV and two GHVs. Phylogenetic analysis allocated the novel squirrel PyVs to the genera Alpha- and Betapolyomavirus, the BHVs to the genus Muromegalovirus, and the GHVs to the genera Rhadinovirus and Macavirus. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on molecular identification and sequence characterization of PyVs and HVs and the detection of bornavirus coinfections with PyVs or HVs in two squirrel species. Multiple detection of PyVs and HVs in certain squirrel species exclusively indicate their potential host association to a single squirrel species. The novel PyVs and HVs might serve for a better understanding of virus evolution in invading host species in the future.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho M, Kim H, Son HS. Codon usage patterns of LT-Ag genes in polyomaviruses from different host species. Virol J 2019; 16:137. [PMID: 31727090 PMCID: PMC6854729 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyomaviruses (PyVs) have a wide range of hosts, from humans to fish, and their effects on hosts vary. The differences in the infection characteristics of PyV with respect to the host are assumed to be influenced by the biochemical function of the LT-Ag protein, which is related to the cytopathic effect and tumorigenesis mechanism via interaction with the host protein. Methods We carried out a comparative analysis of codon usage patterns of large T-antigens (LT-Ags) of PyVs isolated from various host species and their functional domains and sequence motifs. Parity rule 2 (PR2) and neutrality analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of mutation and selection pressure on codon usage bias. To investigate evolutionary relationships among PyVs, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis, and a correspondence analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values was performed. Results Nucleotide composition analysis using LT-Ag gene sequences showed that the GC and GC3 values of avian PyVs were higher than those of mammalian PyVs. The effective number of codon (ENC) analysis showed host-specific ENC distribution characteristics in both the LT-Ag gene and the coding sequences of its domain regions. In the avian and fish PyVs, the codon diversity was significant, whereas the mammalian PyVs tended to exhibit conservative and host-specific evolution of codon usage bias. The results of our PR2 and neutrality analysis revealed mutation bias or highly variable GC contents by showing a narrow GC12 distribution and wide GC3 distribution in all sequences. Furthermore, the calculated RSCU values revealed differences in the codon usage preference of the LT-AG gene according to the host group. A similar tendency was observed in the two functional domains used in the analysis. Conclusions Our study showed that specific domains or sequence motifs of various PyV LT-Ags have evolved so that each virus protein interacts with host cell targets. They have also adapted to thrive in specific host species and cell types. Functional domains of LT-Ag, which are known to interact with host proteins involved in cell proliferation and gene expression regulation, may provide important information, as they are significantly related to the host specificity of PyVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongji Cho
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Public Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungdong University, 815 Gyeonhwon-ro, Munmak, Wonju, Gangwondo, 24695, South Korea
| | - Hyeon S Son
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Public Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,SNU Bioinformatics Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi D, Shan T, Liu Z, Deng X, Zhang Z, Bi W, Owens JR, Feng F, Zheng L, Huang F, Delwart E, Hou R, Zhang W. A novel polyomavirus from the nasal cavity of a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Virol J 2017; 14:207. [PMID: 29078783 PMCID: PMC5658932 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyomaviruses infect a wide variety of mammalian and avian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. Methods Viral metagenomics and general PCR methods were used to detected viral nucleic acid in the samples from a diseased and healthy giant pandas. Results A novel polyomavirus, the giant panda polyomavirus 1 (GPPyV1) from the nasal cavity of a dead giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was characterized. The GPPyV1 genome is 5144 bp in size and reveals five putative open-reading frames coding for the classic small and large T antigens in the early region, and the VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins in the late region. Phylogenetic analyses of the large T antigen of the GPPyV1 indicated GPPyV1 belonged to a putative new species within genus Deltapolyomavirus, clustering with four human polyomavirus species. The GPPyV1 VP1 and VP2 clustered with genus Alphapolyomavirus. Our epidemiologic study indicated that this novel polyomavirus was also detected in nasal swabs and fecal samples collected from captive healthy giant pandas. Conclusion A novel polyomavirus was detected in giant pandas and its complete genome was characterized, which may cause latency infection in giant pandas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunwu Qi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Wenlei Bi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Jacob Robert Owens
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Lisong Zheng
- Liziping Nature Reserve, YaAn, Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 625499, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Liziping Nature Reserve, YaAn, Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 625499, China
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mirvish ED, Shuda M. Strategies for Human Tumor Virus Discoveries: From Microscopic Observation to Digital Transcriptome Subtraction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:676. [PMID: 27242703 PMCID: PMC4865503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20% of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Various methods have been used to identify human tumor viruses, including electron microscopic observations of viral particles, immunologic screening, cDNA library screening, nucleic acid hybridization, consensus PCR, viral DNA array chip, and representational difference analysis. With the Human Genome Project, a large amount of genetic information from humans and other organisms has accumulated over the last decade. Utilizing the available genetic databases, Feng et al. (2007) developed digital transcriptome subtraction (DTS), an in silico method to sequentially subtract human sequences from tissue or cellular transcriptome, and discovered Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) from Merkel cell carcinoma. Here, we review the background and methods underlying the human tumor virus discoveries and explain how DTS was developed and used for the discovery of MCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra D Mirvish
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Masahiro Shuda
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kazem S, Lauber C, van der Meijden E, Kooijman S, Kravchenko AA, Feltkamp MC, Gorbalenya AE. Limited variation during circulation of a polyomavirus in the human population involves the COCO-VA toggling site of Middle and Alternative T-antigen(s). Virology 2016; 487:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Genome analysis of non-human primate polyomaviruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:283-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Nicol JTJ, Liais E, Potier R, Mazzoni E, Tognon M, Coursaget P, Touzé A. Serological cross-reactivity between Merkel cell polyomavirus and two closely related chimpanzee polyomaviruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97030. [PMID: 24816721 PMCID: PMC4016208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses based on the major capsid protein sequence indicate that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and chimpanzee polyomaviruses (PtvPyV1, PtvPyV2), and similarly Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) and the orangutan polyomavirus (OraPyV1) are closely related. The existence of cross-reactivity between these polyomaviruses was therefore investigated. The findings indicated serological identity between the two chimpanzee polyomaviruses investigated and a high level of cross-reactivity with Merkel cell polyomavirus. In contrast, cross-reactivity was not observed between TSPyV and OraPyV1. Furthermore, specific antibodies to chimpanzee polyomaviruses were detected in chimpanzee sera by pre-incubation of sera with the different antigens, but not in human sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme T. J. Nicol
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Etienne Liais
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Romain Potier
- Association Beauval Nature pour la Conservation et la Recherche, Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierre Coursaget
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
[Epidemiological and basic research activity targeting polyomaviruses]. Uirusu 2014; 64:25-34. [PMID: 25765977 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.64.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the family Polyomaviridae was classified as 3 genera, such as Orthopolyomavirus, Wukipolyomavirus which contain mammalian polyomaviruses and Avipolyomavirus which only contain avian polyomaviruses. We have recently isolated novel polyomaviruses, including Mastomys Polyoamvirus (MasPyV) and Vervet monkey Polyoamvirus-1 (VmPyV-1) by epidemiological activities and examined functions of their encoding proteins. In addition, we have been investigating the mechanisms of replication of human polyomavirus, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). We recently obtained the results of function of JCVPyV-encoding proteins, including early protein (Large T antigen) and late proteins (VP1 and Agno). In this review, we summarized the data of our basic research activities.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bennett MD, Gillett A. Butcherbird polyomavirus isolated from a grey butcherbird (Cracticus torquatus) in Queensland, Australia. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:302-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Stevens H, Bertelsen MF, Sijmons S, Van Ranst M, Maes P. Characterization of a novel polyomavirus isolated from a fibroma on the trunk of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). PLoS One 2013; 8:e77884. [PMID: 24205012 PMCID: PMC3799753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses of the family Polyomaviridae infect a wide variety of avian and mammalian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. In this study a novel polyomavirus, the African elephant polyomavirus 1 (AelPyV-1) found in a protruding hyperplastic fibrous lesion on the trunk of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) was characterized. The AelPyV-1 genome is 5722 bp in size and is one of the largest polyomaviruses characterized to date. Analysis of the AelPyV-1 genome reveals five putative open-reading frames coding for the classic small and large T antigens in the early region, and the VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins in the late region. In the area preceding the VP2 start codon three putative open-reading frames, possibly coding for an agnoprotein, could be localized. A regulatory, non-coding region separates the 2 coding regions. Unique for polyomaviruses is the presence of a second 854 bp long non-coding region between the end of the early region and the end of the late region. Based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the large T antigen of the AelPyV-1 and 61 other polyomavirus sequences, AelPyV-1 clusters within a heterogeneous group of polyomaviruses that have been isolated from bats, new world primates and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Stevens
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Sijmons
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maes RK, Langohr IM, Wise AG, Smedley RC, Thaiwong T, Kiupel M. Beyond H&E: integration of nucleic acid-based analyses into diagnostic pathology. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:238-56. [PMID: 24129897 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813505878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary pathology of infectious, particularly viral, and neoplastic diseases has advanced significantly with the advent of newer molecular methodologies that can detect nucleic acid of infectious agents within microscopic lesions, differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic cells, or determine the suitability of a targeted therapy by detecting specific mutations in certain cancers. Polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of DNA or RNA and in situ hybridization are currently the most commonly used methods for nucleic acid detection. In contrast, the main methodology used for protein detection within microscopic lesions is immunohistochemistry. Other methods that allow for analysis of nucleic acids within a particular cell type or individual cells, such as laser capture microdissection, are also available in some laboratories. This review gives an overview of the factors that influence the accurate analysis of nucleic acids in formalin-fixed tissues, as well as of different approaches to detect such targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Maes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA. and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schowalter RM, Buck CB. The Merkel cell polyomavirus minor capsid protein. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003558. [PMID: 23990782 PMCID: PMC3749969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of polyomavirus virions is composed of pentameric knobs of the major capsid protein, VP1. In previously studied polyomavirus species, such as SV40, two interior capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3, emerge from the virion to play important roles during the infectious entry process. Translation of the VP3 protein initiates at a highly conserved Met-Ala-Leu motif within the VP2 open reading frame. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) is a member of a divergent clade of polyomaviruses that lack the conserved VP3 N-terminal motif. Consistent with this observation, we show that VP3 is not detectable in MCV-infected cells, VP3 is not found in native MCV virions, and mutation of possible alternative VP3-initiating methionine codons did not significantly affect MCV infectivity in culture. In contrast, VP2 knockout resulted in a >100-fold decrease in native MCV infectivity, despite normal virion assembly, viral DNA packaging, and cell attachment. Although pseudovirus-based experiments confirmed that VP2 plays an essential role for infection of some cell lines, other cell lines were readily transduced by pseudovirions lacking VP2. In cell lines where VP2 was needed for efficient infectious entry, the presence of a conserved myristoyl modification on the N-terminus of VP2 was important for its function. The results show that a single minor capsid protein, VP2, facilitates a post-attachment stage of MCV infectious entry into some, but not all, cell types. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) is a recently discovered member of the viral family Polyomaviridae. The virus plays a causal role in Merkel cell carcinoma, a highly lethal form of skin cancer. MCV encodes a major capsid protein, VP1, which forms the non-enveloped surface of the virion. Other polyomavirus species encode two minor capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3, which associate with the inner surface of the capsid and facilitate infectious entry. In this report we show that MCV does not have a VP3 minor capsid protein. Sequence analyses suggest that more than a quarter of known polyomavirus species share MCV's lack of a VP3 protein. In contrast to VP3, VP2-knockout MCV mutants displayed dramatically reduced infectivity. Consistent with native virion findings, MCV pseudovirions lacking VP2 or carrying mutations in the VP2 myristoylation motif displayed reduced infectivity on several cell lines. Puzzlingly, MCV pseudoviruses lacking VP2 successfully transduced other cell lines with high efficiency. Taken together, the data show that the lone MCV minor capsid protein, VP2, plays an important role during infectious entry into some cell types, but is dispensable for entry into other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Schowalter
- Tumor Virus Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Buck
- Tumor Virus Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamaguchi H, Kobayashi S, Ishii A, Ogawa H, Nakamura I, Moonga L, Hang’ombe BM, Mweene AS, Thomas Y, Kimura T, Sawa H, Orba Y. Identification of a novel polyomavirus from vervet monkeys in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1357-1364. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.050740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine polyomavirus (PyV) infection in wildlife, we investigated the presence of PyVs in Zambia with permission from the Zambia Wildlife Authority. We analysed 200 DNA samples from the spleens and kidneys (n = 100 each) of yellow baboons and vervet monkeys (VMs) (n = 50 each). We detected seven PyV genome fragments in 200 DNA samples using a nested broad-spectrum PCR method, and identified five full-length viral genomes using an inverse PCR method. Phylogenetic analysis of virally encoded proteins revealed that four PyVs were closely related to either African green monkey PyV or simian agent 12. Only one virus detected from a VM spleen was found to be related, with relatively low nucleotide sequence identity (74 %), to the chimpanzee PyV, which shares 48 % nucleotide sequence identity with the human Merkel cell PyV identified from Merkel cell carcinoma. The obtained entire genome of this virus was 5157 bp and had large T- and small t-antigens, and VP1 and VP2 ORFs. This virus was tentatively named vervet monkey PyV 1 (VmPyV1) as a novel PyV. Comparison with other PyVs revealed that VmPyV1, like chimpanzee PyV, had a longer VP1 ORF. To examine whether the VmPyV1 genome could produce viral proteins in cultured cells, the whole genome was transfected into HEK293T cells. We detected VP1 protein expression in the transfected HEK293T cells by immunocytochemical and immunoblot analyses. Thus, we identified a novel PyV genome from VM spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Global COE Program, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Global COE Program, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S. Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuka Thomas
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global COE Program, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kazem S, van der Meijden E, Feltkamp MCW. Thetrichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus: virological background and clinical implications. APMIS 2013; 121:770-82. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siamaque Kazem
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
During the past 6 years, focused virus hunting has led to the discovery of nine new human polyomaviruses, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, which has been linked to Merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cell cancer. The discovery of so many new and highly divergent human polyomaviruses raises key questions regarding their evolution, tropism, latency, reactivation, immune evasion and contribution to disease. This Review describes the similarities and differences among the new human polyomaviruses and discusses how these viruses might interact with their human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feltkamp MCW, Kazem S, van der Meijden E, Lauber C, Gorbalenya AE. From Stockholm to Malawi: recent developments in studying human polyomaviruses. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:482-496. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.048462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Until a few years ago the polyomavirus family (Polyomaviridae) included a dozen viruses identified in avian and mammalian hosts. Two of these, the JC and BK-polyomaviruses isolated a long time ago, are known to infect humans and cause severe illness in immunocompromised hosts. Since 2007 an unprecedented number of eight novel polyomaviruses were discovered in humans. Among them are the KI- and WU-polyomaviruses identified in respiratory samples, the Merkel cell polyomavirus found in skin carcinomas and the polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a skin disease of transplant patients. Another four novel human polyomaviruses were identified, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9 and the Malawi polyomavirus, so far not associated with any disease. In the same period several novel mammalian polyomaviruses were described. This review summarizes the recent developments in studying the novel human polyomaviruses, and touches upon several aspects of polyomavirus virology, pathogenicity, epidemiology and phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Siamaque Kazem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Lauber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Gorbalenya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fagrouch Z, Sarwari R, Lavergne A, Delaval M, de Thoisy B, Lacoste V, Verschoor EJ. Novel polyomaviruses in South American bats and their relationship to other members of the family Polyomaviridae. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2652-2657. [PMID: 22971823 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.044149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are the natural reservoir of a variety of viruses, including a polyomavirus (PyV) from a North American brown bat. We investigated 163 spleen samples from 22 bat species from French Guiana for the presence of PyVs. In total, we detected 25 PyV-positive animals belonging to nine different bat species. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the genomes of eight representative PyVs, and showed that the bat PyVs form three distinct lineages within the genus Orthopolyomavirus and are genetically different from the previously described North American bat virus. Interestingly, two lineages cluster with PyVs found in chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas. In addition, one group of bat PyVs is genetically related to the human Merkel cell polyomavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Roya Sarwari
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Marguerite Delaval
- ONF Guyane, Service développement Sylvétude, Réserve Montabo, BP7002, 97307 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We have discovered a novel polyomavirus present in multiple human stool samples. The virus was initially identified by shotgun pyrosequencing of DNA purified from virus-like particles isolated from a stool sample collected from a healthy child from Malawi. We subsequently sequenced the virus' 4,927-bp genome, which has been provisionally named MW polyomavirus (MWPyV). The virus has genomic features characteristic of the family Polyomaviridae but is highly divergent from other members of this family. It is predicted to encode the large T antigen and small T antigen early proteins and the VP1, VP2, and VP3 structural proteins. A real-time PCR assay was designed and used to screen 514 stool samples from children with diarrhea in St. Louis, MO; 12 specimens were positive for MWPyV. Comparison of the whole-genome sequences of the index Malawi case and one St. Louis case demonstrated that the two strains of MWPyV varied by 5.3% at the nucleotide level. The number of polyomaviruses found in the human body continues to grow, raising the question of how many more species have yet to be identified and what roles they play in humans with and without manifest disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Agnoprotein of mammalian polyomaviruses. Virology 2012; 432:316-26. [PMID: 22726243 PMCID: PMC7111918 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are naked viruses with an icosahedral capsid that surrounds a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of about 5000 base-pairs. Their genome encodes at least five proteins: large and small tumor antigens and the capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. The tumor antigens are expressed during early stages of the viral life cycle and are implicated in the regulation of viral transcription and DNA replication, while the capsid proteins are produced later during infection. Members of the Polyomaviridae family have been isolated in birds (Avipolyomavirus) and mammals (Orthopolyomavirus and Wukipolyomavirus). Some mammalian polyomaviruses encode an additional protein, referred to as agnoprotein, which is a relatively small polypeptide that exerts multiple functions. This review discusses the structure, post-translational modifications, and functions of agnoprotein, and speculates why not all polyomaviruses express this protein.
Collapse
|
20
|
Taxonomical developments in the family Polyomaviridae. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1627-34. [PMID: 21562881 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Polyomaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recommended several taxonomical revisions, as follows: The family Polyomaviridae, which is currently constituted as a single genus (Polyomavirus), will be comprised of three genera: two containing mammalian viruses and one containing avian viruses. The two mammalian genera will be designated Orthopolyomavirus and Wukipolyomavirus, and the avian genus will be named Avipolyomavirus. These genera will be created by the redistribution of species from the current single genus (Polyomavirus) and by the inclusion of several new species. In addition, the names of several species will be changed to reflect current usage.
Collapse
|
21
|
Touzé A, Le Bidre E, Laude H, Fleury MJ, Cazal R, Arnold F, Carlotti A, Maubec E, Aubin F, Avril MF, Rozenberg F, Tognon M, Maruani A, Guyetant S, Lorette G, Coursaget P. High Levels of Antibodies Against Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Identify a Subset of Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Better Clinical Outcome. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:1612-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.31.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A new human polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), was identified in 2008 in tumor tissue of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a relatively rare human skin cancer. In this study, we investigated patients with MCC and controls for the presence of antibodies against MCV and their association with clinical characteristics. Patients and Methods Antibodies against MCV were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 68 patients with MCC and 82 controls using VP1 virus-like particles produced in insect cells. Results Antibodies against MCV were detected in all patients with MCC and in 85% of controls. However, high antibody titers (> 10,000) were rarely observed in controls (7.3%) and they were detected in 64.7% of patients with MCC (P < .001) in contrast to the absence of VP1 expression in tumor samples. In addition, the geometric mean titer of anti-MCV in patients with MCC was around 14 times higher than that observed in MCV-positive controls (P < .001) and was not correlated with tumor viral load. High antibody titers were not found to be associated with any subject or tumor characteristics, but better progression-free survival was observed in patients with high antibody titers (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 12.2; P = .002). Conclusion High titers of MCV antibodies in a much higher proportion of patients with MCC than in controls confirmed the association between MCV infection and MCC. The findings also indicated that a better progression-free survival occurred in patients with high MCV antibody titers and suggested that there are at least two distinct etiologic causes of MCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Touzé
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bidre
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Hélène Laude
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maxime J.J. Fleury
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raphaël Cazal
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Françoise Arnold
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Agnès Carlotti
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eve Maubec
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - François Aubin
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annabel Maruani
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serge Guyetant
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gérard Lorette
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierre Coursaget
- From the Inserm U618; Université François Rabelais; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours - Hôpital Trousseau, Tours; Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans, Orléans; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Cochin; Université René Descartes; Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Université de Franche Comté et Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Besançon, France; and the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Detection of chimpanzee polyomavirus-specific antibodies in captive and wild-caught chimpanzees using yeast-expressed virus-like particles. Virus Res 2011; 155:514-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Orba Y, Kobayashi S, Nakamura I, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Thomas Y, Kimura T, Sawa H. Detection and characterization of a novel polyomavirus in wild rodents. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:789-95. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.027854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
24
|
Deuzing I, Fagrouch Z, Groenewoud MJ, Niphuis H, Kondova I, Bogers W, Verschoor EJ. Detection and characterization of two chimpanzee polyomavirus genotypes from different subspecies. Virol J 2010; 7:347. [PMID: 21110837 PMCID: PMC3003640 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequences of three chimpanzee polyomavirus genetic variants were determined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses form two different genotypes of ChPyV. Comparison with other primate polyomaviruses revealed a putative agnogene, and an unusually long VP1 open reading frame. The transcriptional control regions (TCR) of the viruses were extremely short (155 nucleotides), and highly conserved amongst the genotypes. Analysis of the TCR from different chimpanzee subspecies, and from a series of tissues from five individuals confirmed its genetic stability, and also indicates that double-infections with different genotypes can occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Deuzing
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Halami MY, Dorrestein GM, Couteel P, Heckel G, Müller H, Johne R. Whole-genome characterization of a novel polyomavirus detected in fatally diseased canary birds. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:3016-22. [PMID: 20797969 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.023549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses of birds are aetiological agents of acute inflammatory diseases in non-immunocompromised hosts, which is in contrast to mammalian polyomaviruses. VP4, an additional structural protein encoded by the viral genomes of the known avian polyomaviruses, has been suggested to contribute to pathogenicity through loss of cells following induction of apoptosis. Four distinct bird polyomaviruses have been identified so far, which infect crows, finches, geese and parrots. Using broad-spectrum PCR, a novel polyomavirus, tentatively designated canary polyomavirus (CaPyV), was detected in diseased canary birds (Serinus canaria) that died at an age of about 40 days. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in the liver, spleen and kidneys. The entire viral genome was amplified from a tissue sample using rolling-circle amplification. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequence indicated a close relationship between CaPyV and other avian polyomaviruses. Remarkably, an ORF encoding VP4 could not be identified in the CaPyV genome. Therefore, the mechanism of pathogenicity of CaPyV may be different from that of the other avian polyomaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yahya Halami
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
van der Meijden E, Janssens RWA, Lauber C, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Gorbalenya AE, Feltkamp MCW. Discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001024. [PMID: 20686659 PMCID: PMC2912394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polyomaviridae constitute a family of small DNA viruses infecting a variety of hosts. In humans, polyomaviruses can cause infections of the central nervous system, urinary tract, skin, and possibly the respiratory tract. Here we report the identification of a new human polyomavirus in plucked facial spines of a heart transplant patient with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a rare skin disease exclusively seen in immunocompromized patients. The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSV) genome was amplified through rolling-circle amplification and consists of a 5232-nucleotide circular DNA organized similarly to known polyomaviruses. Two putative “early” (small and large T antigen) and three putative “late” (VP1, VP2, VP3) genes were identified. The TSV large T antigen contains several domains (e.g. J-domain) and motifs (e.g. HPDKGG, pRb family-binding, zinc finger) described for other polyomaviruses and potentially involved in cellular transformation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of TSV with the Bornean orangutan polyomavirus and, more distantly, the Merkel cell polyomavirus that is found integrated in Merkel cell carcinomas of the skin. The presence of TSV in the affected patient's skin was confirmed by newly designed quantitative TSV-specific PCR, indicative of a viral load of 105 copies per cell. After topical cidofovir treatment, the lesions largely resolved coinciding with a reduction in TSV load. PCR screening demonstrated a 4% prevalence of TSV in an unrelated group of immunosuppressed transplant recipients without apparent disease. In conclusion, a new human polyomavirus was discovered and identified as the possible cause of trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromized patients. The presence of TSV also in clinically unaffected individuals suggests frequent virus transmission causing subclinical, probably latent infections. Further studies have to reveal the impact of TSV infection in relation to other populations and diseases. Diseases that occur exclusively in immunocompromized patients are often of an infectious nature. Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is such a disease characterized by development of papules, spines and alopecia in the face. Fortunately this disease is rare, because facial features can change dramatically, as in the case of an adolescent TS patient who was on immunosuppressive drugs because of heart-transplantation. A viral cause of TS was suspected already for some time because virus particles had been seen in TS lesions. In pursuit of this unknown virus, we isolated DNA from collected TS spines and could detect a unique small circular DNA suggestive of a polyomavirus genome. Additional experiments confirmed the presence in these samples of a new polyomavirus that we tentatively called TS-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV or TSV). TSV shares several properties with other polyomaviruses, such as genome organization and proteome composition, association with disease in immunosuppressed patients and occurence in individuals without overt disease. The latter indicates that TSV circulates in the human population. Future studies have to show how this newly identified polyomavirus spreads, how it causes disease and if it is related to other (skin) conditions as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René W. A. Janssens
- Department of Dermatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Lauber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander E. Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|