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Muratoğlu H, Nalcacioglu R, Arif BM, Demirbag Z. Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus encodes a protein kinase with dual activity and a broad substrate spectrum including two putative cellular substrates. Virus Genes 2024; 60:287-294. [PMID: 38704458 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) is a poxvirus that can only infect insects. This virus is an attractive research material because it is similar to smallpox virus. AMEV is one of many viruses that encode protein kinases that drive the host's cellular mechanisms, modifying immune responses to it, and regulating viral protein activity. We report here the functional characterization of a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase (PK) gene (ORF AMV197) of AMEV. Expression of the AMV197 gene in baculovirus expression system yielded a ~ 35.5 kDa protein. PK activity of expressed AMV197 was shown by standard PK assay. Substrate profiling of AMV197 protein by peptide microarray indicated that the expressed protein phosphorylated 81 of 624 substrates which belong to 28 families of PK substrates. While the hypothetical AMV197 protein phosphorylates Ser/Thr only, we demonstrated that the expressed PK also phosphorylates probes with tyrosine residues on the array which is a rare property among PKs. Pull-down assay of the AMV197 protein with the subcellular protein fractionations of Ld652 cells showed that it is using two cellular proteins (18 and 42 kDa) as novel putative substrates. Our results suggest that AMEV can regulate cellular mechanisms by phosphorylating cellular proteins through AMV197 PK. However, further experiments are needed to identify the exact role of this PK in the replication of AMEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Muratoğlu
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Remziye Nalcacioglu
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Basil M Arif
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Zihni Demirbag
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye.
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Gasmi L, Sieminska E, Okuno S, Ohta R, Coutu C, Vatanparast M, Harris S, Baldwin D, Hegedus DD, Theilmann DA, Kida A, Kawabata M, Sagawa S, Takatsuka J, Tateishi K, Watanabe K, Inoue MN, Kunimi Y, Kim Y, Erlandson MA, Herrero S, Nakai M. Horizontally transmitted parasitoid killing factor shapes insect defense to parasitoids. Science 2021; 373:535-541. [PMID: 34326235 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interkingdom competition occurs between hymenopteran parasitoids and insect viruses sharing the same insect hosts. It has been assumed that parasitoid larvae die with the death of the infected host or as result of competition for host resources. Here we describe a gene family, parasitoid killing factor (pkf), that encodes proteins toxic to parasitoids of the Microgastrinae group and determines parasitism success. Pkfs are found in several entomopathogenic DNA virus families and in some lepidopteran genomes. We provide evidence of equivalent and specific toxicity against endoparasites for PKFs found in entomopoxvirus, ascovirus, baculovirus, and Lepidoptera through a mechanism that elicits apoptosis in the cells of susceptible parasitoids. This highlights the evolutionary arms race between parasitoids, viruses, and their insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Gasmi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Edyta Sieminska
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Shohei Okuno
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Arysta Life Science Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0832, Japan
| | - Rie Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Harris
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Doug Baldwin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - David A Theilmann
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, 4200 Highway #97 South, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Aki Kida
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Taitou, Tokyo 110-8782, Japan
| | - Mio Kawabata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shiori Sagawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Jun Takatsuka
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Ken Tateishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Watanabe
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Martin A Erlandson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Gypsy moth genome provides insights into flight capability and virus-host interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1669-1678. [PMID: 30642971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818283116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its accidental introduction to Massachusetts in the late 1800s, the European gypsy moth (EGM; Lymantria dispar dispar) has become a major defoliator in North American forests. However, in part because females are flightless, the spread of the EGM across the United States and Canada has been relatively slow over the past 150 years. In contrast, females of the Asian gypsy moth (AGM; Lymantria dispar asiatica) subspecies have fully developed wings and can fly, thereby posing a serious economic threat if populations are established in North America. To explore the genetic determinants of these phenotypic differences, we sequenced and annotated a draft genome of L. dispar and used it to identify genetic variation between EGM and AGM populations. The 865-Mb gypsy moth genome is the largest Lepidoptera genome sequenced to date and encodes ∼13,300 proteins. Gene ontology analyses of EGM and AGM samples revealed divergence between these populations in genes enriched for several gene ontology categories related to muscle adaptation, chemosensory communication, detoxification of food plant foliage, and immunity. These genetic differences likely contribute to variations in flight ability, chemical sensing, and pathogen interactions among EGM and AGM populations. Finally, we use our new genomic and transcriptomic tools to provide insights into genome-wide gene-expression changes of the gypsy moth after viral infection. Characterizing the immunological response of gypsy moths to virus infection may aid in the improvement of virus-based bioinsecticides currently used to control larval populations.
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Danismazoglu M, Nalcacioglu R, Muratoglu H, Demirbag Z. The protein-protein interactions between Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) protein kinases (PKs) and all viral proteins. Virus Res 2018; 248:31-38. [PMID: 29471050 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Entomopoxviruses are an important group of viruses infecting only insects. They belong to Poxviridae which infect both invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Protein kinases are known to have roles at virus morphogenesis, host selectivity, the regulation of cell division and apoptosis in some vertebrate poxviruses. In this study, 2 protein kinases (PKs) (AMV153 and AMV197) of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) were investigated for the interactions among 230 viral proteins using yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H). For this purpose, two protein kinases and 230 viral genes were cloned into the bait and prey vectors, respectively. Bait vectors were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH109. Expression of the bait genes were confirmed by western blot analysis. Both yeast strains of bait were transformed individually with each prey clone and grown on a selective medium (minimal synthetic defined) to determine the protein-protein interactions between bait and prey proteins. Transformations identified totally 16 interactions among AMEV protein kinases and all viral proteins of which 5 belong to AMV153 and 11 belong to AMV197. One of the five interactions detected for AMV153 protein kinase is self-association. Its other four interactions are with two virus entry complex proteins (AMV035 and AMV083), a membrane protein (AMV165) and a subunit of RNA polymerase (AMV230). The other protein kinase, AMV197, interacted with two virus entry complex proteins (AMV035 and AMV083) as AMV153, a caspase-2 enzyme (AMV063), a Holliday junction resolvase (AMV162), a membrane protein (AMV165), a subunit of RNA polymerase (AMV230) and five other hypothetical proteins (AMV026, AMV040, AMV062, AMV069, AMV120) encoded by AMEV genome. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay was used to confirm all interactions described by Y2H analysis. In addition, the theoretical structures of the two of 16 interactions were interpreted by docking analysis. Consistent with Y2H and pull down assays, docking analysis also showed the interactions of AMV063 with AMV153 and AMV197. Detected interactions of the AMEV viral proteins with viral protein kinases could lead to the understanding of the regulation of the viral activities of interacted viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Danismazoglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey; Artvin Coruh University, Health Services Vocational High School, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Remziye Nalcacioglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hacer Muratoglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Zihni Demirbag
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey
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Muratoglu H, Nalcacioglu R, Arif BM, Demirbag Z. Genome-wide analysis of differential mRNA expression of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus, mediated by the gene encoding a viral protein kinase (AMV197). Virus Res 2016; 215:25-36. [PMID: 26820433 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insect-born entomopoxviruses (Fam: Poxviridae) are potentially important bio-pesticide against insect pests and expression vectors as well as vectors for transient human gene therapies including recombinant viral vaccines. For these reasons, it is necessary to understand the regulatory genes functions to improve its biotechnological potential. Here, we focused on the characterization of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr; ORF AMV197) protein kinase gene from the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV), the type species of the genus Betaentomopoxvirus. Transcription of the parental and an amv197-null recombinant AMEV was compared by whole-genome gene expression microarray analysis. Blast2GO analysis reflected a broad diversity of upregulated and downregulated genes. Results showed that expression levels of 102 genes (45%) out of 226 tested genes changed significantly in the recombinant AMEV infected cells. Of these transcripts, 72 (70.58%) were upregulated and 30 (29.41%) were downregulated throughout the infection period. Genes involved in DNA repair, replication and nucleotide metabolism, transcription and RNA modification, and protein modification were mostly upregulated at different times in cells infected with the recombinant virus. Furthermore, transcription of all studied cellular genes including metabolism of apoptosis (Nedd2-like caspase, hemolin and elongation factor-1 alpha (ef1a) gene) was downregulated in the absence of amv197. Quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR confirmed viral transcriptional changes obtained by microarray. The results of this study indicated that the product of amv197 appears to affect the transcriptional regulation of most viral and many cellular genes. Further investigations are, however, needed to narrow down the role of AMV197 throughout the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Muratoglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Remziye Nalcacioglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Basil M Arif
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zihni Demirbag
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
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