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Jin T, Yin J, Wang T, Xue S, Li B, Zong T, Yang Y, Liu H, Liu M, Xu K, Wang L, Xing G, Zhi H, Li K. R SC3 K of soybean cv. Kefeng No.1 confers resistance to soybean mosaic virus by interacting with the viral protein P3. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:838-853. [PMID: 36330964 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). In total, 22 Chinese SMV strains (SC1-SC22) have been classified based on the responses of 10 soybean cultivars to these pathogens. However, although several SMV-resistance loci in soybean have been identified, no gene conferring SMV resistance in the resistant soybean cultivar (cv.) Kefeng No.1 has been cloned and verified. Here, using F2 -derived F3 (F2:3 ) and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from a cross between Kefeng No.1 and susceptible soybean cv. Nannong 1138-2, we localized the gene in Kefeng No.1 that mediated resistance to SMV-SC3 strain to a 90-kb interval on chromosome 2. To study the functions of candidate genes in this interval, we performed Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS). We identified a recombinant gene (which we named RSC3 K) harboring an internal deletion of a genomic DNA fragment partially flanking the LOC100526921 and LOC100812666 reference genes as the SMV-SC3 resistance gene. By shuffling genes between infectious SMV DNA clones based on the avirulent isolate SC3 and virulent isolate 1129, we determined that the viral protein P3 is the avirulence determinant mediating SMV-SC3 resistance on Kefeng No.1. P3 interacts with RNase proteins encoded by RSC3 K, LOC100526921, and LOC100812666. The recombinant RSC3 K conveys much higher anti-SMV activity than LOC100526921 and LOC100812666, although those two genes also encode proteins that inhibit SMV accumulation, as revealed by gene silencing in a susceptible cultivar and by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. These findings demonstrate that RSC3 K mediates the resistance of Kefeng No.1 to SMV-SC3 and that SMV resistance of soybean is determined by the antiviral activity of RNase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Jin
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Song Xue
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bowen Li
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingxuan Zong
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengzhuo Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean-Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Widyasari K, Bwalya J, Kim K. Binding immunoglobulin 2 functions as a proviral factor for potyvirus infections in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:179-187. [PMID: 36416097 PMCID: PMC9831281 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Infection of viruses from the genera Bromovirus, Potyvirus, and Potexvirus in Nicotiana benthamiana induces significant up-regulation of the genes that encode the HSP70 family, including binding immunoglobulin protein 2 (BiP2). Three up-regulated genes were knocked down and infection assays with these knockdown lines demonstrated the importance of the BiP2 gene for potyvirus infection but not for infection by the other tested viruses. Distinct symptoms of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus X (PVX) were observed in the BiP2 knockdown line at 10 days postagroinfiltration. Interestingly, following inoculation with either soybean mosaic virus (SMV) or pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) co-expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), neither crinkle symptoms nor GFP signals were observed in the BiP2 knockdown line. Subsequent reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that knockdown of BiP2 resulted in a significant decrease of SMV and PepMoV RNA accumulation but not PVX or CMV RNA accumulation. Further yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analyses validated the interaction between BiP2 and nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) of SMV. Together, our findings suggest the crucial role of BiP2 as a proviral host factor necessary for potyvirus infection. The interaction between BiP2 and NIb may be the critical factor determining susceptibility in N. benthamiana, but further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Widyasari
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - John Bwalya
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kook‐Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Evolution and Phylogeny of Soybean Mosaic Virus Based on 143 Complete Genomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010022. [PMID: 36613461 PMCID: PMC9820049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) of the genus Potyvirus is an important virus in cultivated soybeans. Here, we obtained 7 SMV genomes from soybean germplasms using RNA sequencing and conducted a comprehensive evolutionary and phylogenetic study of 143 SMV genomes derived from 10 plant species and 12 countries. The phylogenetic tree we constructed using coding DNA sequences revealed the existence of nine clades of SMV isolates/strains. Recombination analysis revealed 76 recombinant events and 141 recombinants in total. Clades 1 and 3 contain the most common SMV pathotypes, including G1 through G7, which are distributed worldwide. Clade 2 includes several Chinese SMV pathotypes. The SMV isolates were further divided into two groups. The SMV isolates in the first group, including clades 8 and 9, were identified from Pinellia and Atractylodes species, whereas those in the second group (clades 1 through 7) were mostly found in cultivated soybeans. The SMV polyprotein undergoes positive selection, whereas most mature proteins, except for the P1 protein, undergo negative selection. The P1 protein of SMV isolates in group 1 may be highly correlated with host adaptation. This study provides strong evidence that recombination and plant hosts are powerful forces driving the genetic diversity of the SMV genome.
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Choi H, Jo Y, Chung H, Choi SY, Kim SM, Hong JS, Lee BC, Cho WK. Phylogenetic and Phylodynamic Analyses of Soybean Mosaic Virus Using 305 Coat Protein Gene Sequences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3256. [PMID: 36501296 PMCID: PMC9736121 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) of the family Potyviridae is the most devastating virus that infects soybean plants. In this study, we obtained 83 SMV coat protein (CP) sequences from seven provinces in Korea using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses revealed eight groups of 83 SMV isolates and a network of 50 SMV haplotypes in Korea. The phylogenetic tree using 305 SMV CP sequences available worldwide revealed 12 clades that were further divided into two groups according to the plant hosts. Recombination rarely occurred in the CP sequences, while negative selection was dominant in the SMV CP sequences. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that plant species had a greater impact on the genetic diversity of SMV CP sequences than geographical origin or location. SMV isolates identified from Pinellia species in China showed the highest genetic diversity. Phylodynamic analysis showed that the SMV isolates between the two Pinellia species diverged in the year 1248. Since the divergence of the first SMV isolate from Glycine max in 1486, major clades for SMV isolates infecting Glycine species seem to have diverged from 1791 to 1886. Taken together, we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic diversity and divergence of SMV CP sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoseong Choi
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Jo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Chung
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Choi
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Hong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Choon Lee
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyong Cho
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Development of Comprehensive Serological Techniques for Sensitive, Quantitative and Rapid Detection of Soybean mosaic virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169457. [PMID: 36012722 PMCID: PMC9409097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is an important grain and oil crop worldwide; however, the yield and seed quality of which are seriously affected by Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). As efficient detection technology is crucial for the field management of SMV, novel immunological detection methods were developed in the present study. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the CP coding sequence of SMV-SC7 was selected for the prokaryotic expression of the recombinant SMV-CP. Purified SMV-CP was used for the development of polyclonal antibodies (PAb) against the SMV-CP (PAb-SMV-CP) and monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against SMV-CP (MAb-SMV-CP). Subsequently, the PAb-SMV-CP was used for the development of a novel DAS- quantitative ELISA (DAS-qELISA) kit, of which the sensitivity was greater than 1:4000, and this could be used for the quantitative detection of SMV in China. Meanwhile, the MAb-SMV-CP was labeled with colloidal gold, and then was used for the development of the SMV-specific gold immunochromatography strip (SMV-GICS). The SMV-GICS gives accurate detection results through observed control lines and test lines in 5 to 10 min, sharing the same sensitivity as RT-PCR, and can be used for rapid, accurate and high-throughput field SMV detection. The DAS-qELISA kit and the SMV-GICA strip developed in this study are SMV-specific, sensitive, cheap and easy to use. These products will be conducive to the timely, efficient SMV epidemiology and detection in major soybean-producing regions in China and abroad.
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Usovsky M, Chen P, Li D, Wang A, Shi A, Zheng C, Shakiba E, Lee D, Canella Vieira C, Lee YC, Wu C, Cervantez I, Dong D. Decades of Genetic Research on Soybean mosaic virus Resistance in Soybean. Viruses 2022; 14:1122. [PMID: 35746594 PMCID: PMC9230979 DOI: 10.3390/v14061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the history and current state of the known genetic basis for soybean resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and examines how the integration of molecular markers has been utilized in breeding for crop improvement. SVM causes yield loss and seed quality reduction in soybean based on the SMV strain and the host genotype. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of SMV-soybean interactions and the genes conferring resistance to SMV has been a focus of intense research interest for decades. Soybean reactions are classified into three main responses: resistant, necrotic, or susceptible. Significant progress has been achieved that has greatly increased the understanding of soybean germplasm diversity, differential reactions to SMV strains, genotype-strain interactions, genes/alleles conferring specific reactions, and interactions among resistance genes and alleles. Many studies that aimed to uncover the physical position of resistance genes have been published in recent decades, collectively proposing different candidate genes. The studies on SMV resistance loci revealed that the resistance genes are mainly distributed on three chromosomes. Resistance has been pyramided in various combinations for durable resistance to SMV strains. The causative genes are still elusive despite early successes in identifying resistance alleles in soybean; however, a gene at the Rsv4 locus has been well validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Usovsky
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Pengyin Chen
- Delta Center, Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; (D.L.); (C.C.V.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Dexiao Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest University of Agriculture, Jiangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | | | - Ehsan Shakiba
- Rice Research and Extension Center, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA;
| | - Dongho Lee
- Delta Center, Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; (D.L.); (C.C.V.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Caio Canella Vieira
- Delta Center, Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; (D.L.); (C.C.V.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Yi Chen Lee
- Delta Center, Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; (D.L.); (C.C.V.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Innan Cervantez
- Bayer CropScience, Global Soybean Breeding, 1781 Gavin Road, Marion, AR 72364, USA;
| | - Dekun Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
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Gao L, Wu Y, An J, Huang W, Liu X, Xue Y, Luan X, Lin F, Sun L. Pathogenicity and genome-wide sequence analysis reveals relationships between soybean mosaic virus strains. Arch Virol 2022; 167:517-529. [PMID: 35024966 PMCID: PMC8755985 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent viral pathogen in soybean. In China, the SMV strains SC and N are used simultaneously in SMV resistance assessments of soybean cultivars, but the pathogenic relationship between them is unclear. In this study, SMV strains N1 and N3 were found to be the most closely related to SC18. Moreover, N3 was found to be more virulent than N1. A global pathotype classification revealed the highest level of genetic diversity in China. The N3 type was the most frequent and widespread worldwide, implying that SMV possibly originated in China and spread across continents through the dissemination of infected soybean. It also suggests that the enhanced virulence of N3 facilitated its spread and adaptability in diverse geographical and ecological regions worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis revealed prominent geographical associations among SMV strains/isolates, and genomic nucleotide diversity analysis and neutrality tests demonstrated that the whole SMV genome is under negative selection, with the P1 gene being under the greatest selection pressure. The results of this study will facilitate the nationwide use of SMV-resistant soybean germplasm and could provide useful insights into the molecular variability, geographical distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary history of SMV around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 102442, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yongguo Xue
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luan
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lianjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ishibashi K, Saruta M, Shimizu T, Shu M, Anai T, Komatsu K, Yamada N, Katayose Y, Ishikawa M, Ishimoto M, Kaga A. Soybean antiviral immunity conferred by dsRNase targets the viral replication complex. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4033. [PMID: 31562302 PMCID: PMC6764979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in membranous compartments formed in a host cell, which sequesters the dsRNA replication intermediate from antiviral immune surveillance. Here, we find that soybean has developed a way to overcome this sequestration. We report the positional cloning of the broad-spectrum soybean mosaic virus resistance gene Rsv4, which encodes an RNase H family protein with dsRNA-degrading activity. An active-site mutant of Rsv4 is incapable of inhibiting virus multiplication and is associated with an active viral RNA polymerase complex in infected cells. These results suggest that Rsv4 enters the viral replication compartment and degrades viral dsRNA. Inspired by this model, we design three plant-gene-derived dsRNases that can inhibit the multiplication of the respective target viruses. These findings suggest a method for developing crops resistant to any target positive-strand RNA virus by fusion of endogenous host genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishibashi
- Plant and Microbial Research Unit, Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masayasu Saruta
- Crop Breeding and Food Functional Components Division, Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-3-1 Senyu-cho, Zentsuji-shi, Kagawa, 765-8508, Japan
- Soybean Breeding Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimizu
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Miao Shu
- Plant and Microbial Research Unit, Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Komatsu
- Research Team for Crop Cold Tolerance, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555, Japan
- Crop Breeding and Food Functional Components Division, Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-3-1 Senyu-cho, Zentsuji-shi, Kagawa, 765-8508, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamada
- Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station, 1066-1, Soga, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-6461, Japan
| | - Yuichi Katayose
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Planning and Coordination, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishikawa
- Plant and Microbial Research Unit, Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
- Division of Basic Research, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
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Zhang L, Shang J, Jia Q, Li K, Yang H, Liu H, Tang Z, Chang X, Zhang M, Wang W, Yang W. Genetic evolutionary analysis of soybean mosaic virus populations from three geographic locations in China based on the P1 and CP genes. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1037-1048. [PMID: 30747339 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the major pathogens causing serious soybean losses. Little is known about the genetic structure and evolutionary biology of the SMV population in southwestern China. In this study, 29 SMV isolates were obtained from Sichuan Province, and the genomic regions encoding the first protein (P1) and coat protein (CP) were sequenced. Combined with SMV isolates from the southeastern and northeastern regions of China, the genetic and molecular evolution of SMV was studied. Recombination analysis revealed that intraspecific and interspecific recombination had occurred in the SMV population. A phylogenetic tree based on the P1 gene reflected the geographic origin of the non-interspecific recombinant SMV (SMV-NI), while a tree based on the CP gene did not. Though frequent gene flow of the SMV-NI populations was found between the southeastern and northeastern populations, the southwestern population was relatively independent. Genetic differentiation was significant between the SMV interspecific recombinant (SMV-RI) and the non-interspecific recombinant (SMV-NI) populations. It was interesting to note that there was an almost identical recombination breakpoint in SMV-RI and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Population dynamics showed that SMV-RI might be in an expanding state, while the SMV-NI population is relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongqin Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Hajimorad MR, Domier LL, Tolin SA, Whitham SA, Saghai Maroof MA. Soybean mosaic virus: a successful potyvirus with a wide distribution but restricted natural host range. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1563-1579. [PMID: 29134790 PMCID: PMC6638002 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a species within the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, which includes almost one-quarter of all known plant RNA viruses affecting agriculturally important plants. The Potyvirus genus is the largest of all genera of plant RNA viruses with 160 species. PARTICLE The filamentous particles of SMV, typical of potyviruses, are about 7500 Å long and 120 Å in diameter with a central hole of about 15 Å in diameter. Coat protein residues are arranged in helices of about 34 Å pitch having slightly less than nine subunits per turn. GENOME The SMV genome consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense, polyadenylated RNA of approximately 9.6 kb with a virus-encoded protein (VPg) linked at the 5' terminus. The genomic RNA contains a single large open reading frame (ORF). The polypeptide produced from the large ORF is processed proteolytically by three viral-encoded proteinases to yield about 10 functional proteins. A small ORF, partially overlapping the P3 cistron, pipo, is encoded as a fusion protein in the N-terminus of P3 (P3N + PIPO). BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SMV's host range is restricted mostly to two plant species of a single genus: Glycine max (cultivated soybean) and G. soja (wild soybean). SMV is transmitted by aphids non-persistently and by seeds. The variability of SMV is recognized by reactions on cultivars with dominant resistance (R) genes. Recessive resistance genes are not known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE As a consequence of its seed transmissibility, SMV is present in all soybean-growing areas of the world. SMV infections can reduce significantly seed quantity and quality (e.g. mottled seed coats, reduced seed size and viability, and altered chemical composition). CONTROL The most effective means of managing losses from SMV are the planting of virus-free seeds and cultivars containing single or multiple R genes. KEY ATTRACTIONS The interactions of SMV with soybean genotypes containing different dominant R genes and an understanding of the functional role(s) of SMV-encoded proteins in virulence, transmission and pathogenicity have been investigated intensively. The SMV-soybean pathosystem has become an excellent model for the examination of the genetics and genomics of a uniquely complex gene-for-gene resistance model in a crop of worldwide importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA
| | - L. L. Domier
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - S. A. Tolin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
| | - S. A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA
| | - M. A. Saghai Maroof
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
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Maghamnia HR, Hajizadeh M, Azizi A. Complete Genome Sequence of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Strain Kurdistan, Iran. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:147. [PMID: 29487776 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus strain Kurdistan (ZYMV-Kurdistan) infecting squash from Iran was determined from 13 overlapping fragments. Excluding the poly (A) tail, ZYMV-Kurdistan genome consisted of 9593 nucleotides (nt), with 138 and 211 nt at the 5' and 3' non-translated regions, respectively. It contained two open-reading frames (ORFs), the large ORF encoding a polyprotein of 3080 amino acids (aa) and the small overlapping ORF encoding a P3N-PIPO protein of 74 aa. This isolate had six unique aa differences compared to other ZYMV isolates and shared 79.6-98.8% identities with other ZYMV genome sequences at the nt level and 90.1-99% identities at the aa level. A phylogenetic tree of ZYMV complete genomic sequences showed that Iranian and Central European isolates are closely related and form a phylogenetically homogenous group. All values in the ratio of substitution rates at non-synonymous and synonymous sites (dN/dS) were below 1, suggestive of strong negative selection forces during ZYMV protein history. This is the first report of complete genome sequence information of the most prevalent virus in the west of Iran. This study helps our understanding of the genetic diversity of ZYMV isolates infecting cucurbit plants in Iran, virus evolution and epidemiology and can assist in designing better diagnostic tools.
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Rui R, Liu S, Karthikeyan A, Wang T, Niu H, Yin J, Yang Y, Wang L, Yang Q, Zhi H, Li K. Fine-mapping and identification of a novel locus Rsc15 underlying soybean resistance to Soybean mosaic virus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:2395-2410. [PMID: 28825113 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rsc15, a novel locus underlying soybean resistance to SMV, was fine mapped to a 95-kb region on chromosome 6. The Rsc15- mediated resistance is likely attributed to the gene GmPEX14 , the relative expression of which was highly correlated with the accumulation of H 2 O 2 along with the activities of POD and CAT during the early stages of SMV infection in RN-9. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality deterioration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide. A series of single dominant SMV resistance genes have been identified on respective soybean chromosomes 2, 13 and 14, while one novel locus, Rsc15, underlying resistance to the virulent SMV strain SC15 from soybean cultivar RN-9 has been recently mapped to a 14.6-cM region on chromosome 6. However, candidate gene has not yet been identified within this region. In the present study, we aimed to fine map the Rsc15 region and identify candidate gene(s) for this invaluable locus. High-resolution fine-mapping revealed that the Rsc15 gene was located in a 95-kb genomic region which was flanked by the two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers SSR_06_17 and BARCSOYSSR_06_0835. Allelic sequence comparison and expression profile analysis of candidate genes inferred that the gene Glyma.06g182600 (designated as GmPEX14) was the best candidate gene attributing for the resistance of Rsc15, and that genes encoding receptor-like kinase (RLK) (i.e., Glyma.06g175100 and Glyma.06g184400) and serine/threonine kinase (STK) (i.e., Glyma.06g182900 and Glyma.06g183500) were also potential candidates. High correlations were established between the relative expression level of GmPEX14 and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) during the early stages of SMV-SC15 infection in RN-9. The results of the present study will be useful in marker-assisted breeding for SMV resistance and will lead to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host resistance against SMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Rui
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Liu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Niu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Hajimorad MR. Gain of virulence by Soybean mosaic virus on Rsv4-genotype soybeans is associated with a relative fitness loss in a susceptible host. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1154-9. [PMID: 26662495 PMCID: PMC6638382 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
'Gene-for-gene' theory predicts that gain of virulence by an avirulent pathogen on plants expressing resistance (R) genes is associated with fitness loss in susceptible hosts. However, the validity of this prediction has been studied in only a few plant viral pathosystems. In this study, the Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-Rsv4 pathosystem was exploited to test this prediction. In Rsv4-genotype soybeans, P3 of avirulent SMV strains provokes an as yet uncharacterized resistance mechanism that restricts the invading virus to the inoculated leaves. A single amino acid substitution in P3 functionally converts an avirulent to a virulent strain, suggesting that the genetic composition of P3 plays a crucial role in virulence on Rsv4-genotype soybeans. In this study, we examined the impact of gain of virulence mutation(s) on the fitness of virulent variants derived from three avirulent SMV strains in a soybean genotype lacking the Rsv4 gene. Our data demonstrate that gain of virulence mutation(s) by all avirulent viruses on Rsv4-genotype soybean is associated with a relative fitness loss in a susceptible host. The implications of this finding on the durable deployment of the Rsv4 gene in soybean are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M R Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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14
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Zhou GC, Shao ZQ, Ma FF, Wu P, Wu XY, Xie ZY, Yu DY, Cheng H, Liu ZH, Jiang ZF, Chen QS, Wang B, Chen JQ. The evolution of soybean mosaic virus: An updated analysis by obtaining 18 new genomic sequences of Chinese strains/isolates. Virus Res 2015; 208:189-98. [PMID: 26103098 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is widely recognized as a highly damaging pathogen of soybean, and various strains/isolates have been reported to date. However, the pathogenic differences and phylogenetic relationships of these SMV strains/isolates have not been extensively studied. In the present work, by first obtaining 18 new genomic sequences of Chinese SMV strains/isolates and further compiling these with available data, we have explored the evolution of SMV from multiple aspects. First, as in other potyviruses, recombination has occurred frequently during SMV evolution, and a total of 32 independent events were detected. Second, using a maximum-likelihood method and removing recombinant fragments, a phylogeny covering 83 SMV sequences sampled from all over the world was reconstructed and the results showed four separate SMV clades, with clade I and II recovered for the first time. Third, the population structure analysis of SMV revealed significant genetic differentiations between China and two other countries (Korea and U.S.A.). Fourth, certain SMV-encoded genes, such as P1, HC-Pro and P3, exhibited higher non-synonymous substitution rate (dN) than synonymous substitution rate (dS), indicating that positive selection has influenced these genes. Finally, four Chinese SMV strains/isolates were selected for inoculation of both USA and Chinese differential soybean cultivars, and their pathogenic phenotypes were significantly different from that of the American strains. Overall, these findings have further broadened our understanding on SMV evolution, which would assist researchers to better deal with this harmful virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Can Zhou
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang-Fang Ma
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Yun Xie
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - De-Yue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qing-Shan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jian-Qun Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Khatabi B, Hajimorad MR. Amino acid substitution in P3 of Soybean mosaic virus to convert avirulence to virulence on Rsv4-genotype soybean is influenced by the genetic composition of P3. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:301-7. [PMID: 25040594 PMCID: PMC6638367 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The modification of avirulence factors of plant viruses by one or more amino acid substitutions converts avirulence to virulence on hosts containing resistance genes. Limited experimental studies have been conducted on avirulence/virulence factors of plant viruses, in particular those of potyviruses, to determine whether avirulence/virulence sites are conserved among strains. In this study, the Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-Rsv4 pathosystem was exploited to determine whether: (i) avirulence/virulence determinants of SMV reside exclusively on P3 regardless of virus strain; and (ii) the sites residing on P3 and crucial for avirulence/virulence of isolates belonging to strain G2 are also involved in virulence of avirulent isolates belonging to strain G7. The results confirm that avirulence/virulence determinants of SMV on Rsv4-genotype soybean reside exclusively on P3. Furthermore, the data show that sites involved in the virulence of SMV on Rsv4-genotype soybean vary among strains, with the genetic composition of P3 playing a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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16
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Abstract
Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are also seed transmitted. As important pathogens, potyviruses are much more studied than other plant viruses belonging to other genera and their study covers many aspects of plant virology, such as functional characterization of viral proteins, molecular interaction with hosts and vectors, structure, taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Biotechnological applications of potyviruses are also being explored. During this last decade, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular biology of these viruses and the functions of their various proteins. After a general presentation on the family Potyviridae and the potyviral proteins, we present an update of the knowledge on potyvirus multiplication, movement, and transmission and on potyvirus/plant compatible interactions including pathogenicity and symptom determinants. We end the review providing information on biotechnological applications of potyviruses.
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17
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Zhou GC, Wu XY, Zhang YM, Wu P, Wu XZ, Liu LW, Wang Q, Hang YY, Yang JY, Shao ZQ, Wang B, Chen JQ. A genomic survey of thirty soybean-infecting bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) isolates from China pointed BCMV as a potential threat to soybean production. Virus Res 2014; 191:125-33. [PMID: 25107622 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Widely known as a severe pathogen of bean plants, the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) has been reported to infect soybeans only sporadically and the involved strains were all found in China regions. To explore variations among soybean-infecting BCMV strains, hundreds of soybean mosaic leave samples were collected throughout China, with a total of 30 BCMV isolates detected and their genomes sequenced. These newly obtained genomes, together with 16 other BCMV genomes available in GenBank were examined from multiple aspects to characterize BCMV evolutionary processes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both soybean-infecting BCMVs (group I) and peanut-infecting BCMVs (group II) are distantly related to other BCMVs, suggesting ancestral differentiation and host adaptation. Genetic variation analysis showed that P1, P3 and 6K2 genes and the beginning portion of CP gene showed higher levels of variation relative to other genes. Moreover, selection analyses further confirmed that a number of sites within the P1 and P3 genes have suffered positive selection. These obtained BCMV sequences also exhibit high recombination frequencies, indicating a more dynamic evolutionary history. Finally, 12 different soybean cultivars were challenged with two BCMV isolates (DXH015 and HZZB011), with most of the cultivars successfully infected. These findings suggest that BCMV is indeed a potential threat to soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Can Zhou
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Botany, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xun-Zong Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue-Yu Hang
- Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Botany, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yang
- Crop Research & Development Center, Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jian-Qun Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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