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Chamba Pardo FO, Wayne S, Culhane MR, Perez A, Allerson M, Torremorell M. Effect of strain-specific maternally-derived antibodies on influenza A virus infection dynamics in nursery pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210700. [PMID: 30640929 PMCID: PMC6331129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the number of influenza A virus (IAV) infected pigs at weaning is critical to minimize IAV spread to other farms. Sow vaccination is a common measure to reduce influenza levels at weaning. However, the impact of maternally-derived antibodies on IAV infection dynamics in growing pigs is poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of maternally-derived antibodies at weaning on IAV prevalence at weaning, time of influenza infection, number of weeks that pigs tested IAV positive, and estimated quantity of IAV in nursery pigs. We evaluated 301 pigs within 10 cohorts for their influenza serological (seroprevalence estimated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test) and virological (prevalence) status. Nasal swabs were collected weekly and pigs were bled 3 times throughout the nursery period. There was significant variability in influenza seroprevalence, HI titers and influenza prevalence after weaning. Increase in influenza seroprevalence at weaning was associated with low influenza prevalence at weaning and delayed time to IAV infection throughout the nursery. Piglets with IAV HI titers of 40 or higher at weaning were also less likely to test IAV positive at weaning, took longer to become infected, tested IAV RT-PCR positive for fewer weeks, and had higher IAV RT-PCR cycle threshold values compared to piglets with HI titers less than 40. Our findings suggest that sow vaccination or infection status that results in high levels of IAV strain-specific maternally-derived antibodies may help to reduce IAV circulation in both suckling and nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spencer Wayne
- Health Services, Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN, United States of America
| | - Marie Rene Culhane
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Andres Perez
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew Allerson
- Health and Research Division, Holden Farms Inc., Northfield, MN, United States of America
| | - Montserrat Torremorell
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lorusso A, Marini V, Di Gennaro A, Ronchi GF, Casaccia C, Carelli G, Passantino G, D'Alterio N, D'Innocenzo V, Savini G, Monaco F, Horton DL. Antigenic relationship among zoonotic flaviviruses from Italy. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:91-97. [PMID: 30517880 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report studies of the antigenic relationship of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), two zoonotic flaviviruses from Italy, together with a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain and compared them with their genetic relationship using the immunodominant viral E protein. Thirty-nine isolates and reference strains were inactivated and used to immunize rabbits to produce hyper immune sera. Serum samples were tested by neutralization against all isolates and results visualized by generating antigenic map. Strains of WNV, USUV, and JEV grouped in separate clusters on the antigenic map. JEV was closer antigenically to USUV (mean of 3.5 Antigenic Unit, AU, equivalent to a 2-fold change in antibody titer) than to WNV strains (mean of 6 AU). A linear regression model predicted, on average, one unit of antigenic change, equivalent to a 2-fold change in antibody titer, for every 22 amino acid substitutions in the E protein ectodomain. Overall, antigenic map was demonstrated to be robust and consistent with phylogeny of the E protein. Indeed, the map provided a reliable means of visualizing and quantifying the relationship between these flaviviruses. Further antigenic analyses employing representative strains of extant serocomplexes are currently underway. This will provide a more in deep knowledge of antigenic relationships between flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Marini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Annapia Di Gennaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Casaccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'Innocenzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel L Horton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Henningson JN, Rajao DS, Kitikoon P, Lorusso A, Culhane MR, Lewis NS, Anderson TK, Vincent AL. Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine. Vet Microbiol 2014; 176:40-9. [PMID: 25601799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) influenza A virus (IAV) reached pandemic status and was soon after detected in pigs worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the HA protein can affect pathogenicity and antigenicity of H1N1pdm09 in swine. We compared lung pathology, viral replication and shedding and the antigenic relationships of four wild-type H1N1pdm09 viruses in pigs: one human (CA/09) and three isolated in swine after the pandemic (IL/09, IL/10, and MN/10). The swine strains were selected based upon unique amino acid substitutions in the HA protein. All selected viruses resulted in mild disease and viral shedding through nasal and oral fluids, however, viral replication and the degree of pathology varied between the isolates. A/Swine/IL/5265/2010 (IL/10), with substitutions I120M, S146G, S186P, V252M, had lower viral titers in the lungs and nasal secretions and fewer lung lesions. The other two swine viruses caused respiratory pathology and replicated to titers similar to the human CA/09, although MN/10 (with mutations D45Y, K304E, A425S) had lower nasal shedding. Swine-adapted H1N1pdm09 have zoonotic potential, and have reassorted with other co-circulating swine viruses, influencing the evolution of IAV in swine globally. Further, our results suggest that amino acid changes in the HA gene have the potential to alter the virulence of H1N1pdm09 in swine. Importantly, the limited clinical signs in pigs could result in continued circulation of these viruses with other endemic swine IAVs providing opportunities for reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Henningson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K-221 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Pravina Kitikoon
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Marie R Culhane
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nicola S Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Amy L Vincent
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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