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Doumayrou J, Ryan MG, Wargo AR. Method for serial passage of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 134:223-236. [PMID: 31169128 DOI: 10.3354/dao03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transmission is a fundamental component of pathogen fitness. A better understanding of pathogen transmission can greatly improve disease management. In particular, controlled studies of multiple rounds of natural transmission (i.e. serial passage) can provide powerful epidemiological and evolutionary inferences. However, such studies are possible in only a few systems because of the challenges in successfully initiating and maintaining transmission in the laboratory. Here we developed an efficient and reproducible cohabitation method for conducting controlled experiments investigating the effects of serial passage on infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout. This method was used to investigate the transmission efficiency and kinetics of viral shedding of IHNV over 3 serial passages. Transmission efficiency decreased from 100 to 62.5% over the passage steps and was associated with a decrease in virus shedding into water. A shift in the peak of viral shedding was also observed, from Day 2 post immersion for passage 0 to at least 24 h later for all subsequent passages. Finally, the characterization of viruses after 1 round of transmission and propagation on cells showed no change in glycoprotein (G gene) sequences or viral virulence compared to the ancestral virus stock. The methods developed provide valuable tools for reproducible population-level studies of IHNV epidemiology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Doumayrou
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonia Dos Reis Figueira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Caixa, CEP, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Bigarré L, Plassiart G, de Boisséson C, Pallandre L, Pozet F, Ledoré Y, Fontaine P, Lieffrig F. Molecular investigations of outbreaks of Perch perhabdovirus infections in pike-perch. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 127:19-27. [PMID: 29256424 DOI: 10.3354/dao03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, a total of 5 massive mortality episodes each affecting hundreds of thousands of pike-perch Sander lucioperca larvae occurred at 2 sites in 2 Western European countries. For each episode, perhabdoviruses related to the perch rhabdovirus (PRV) were detected in samples, using either PCR or cell culture combined with PCR. The sequences of the glycoprotein (g), phosphoprotein (p) and nucleoprotein (n) genes of these samples demonstrated that 2 different genotypes were present at 1 site, each associated with 1 of the 3 episodes. At the other site, a single genotype was associated with the 2 outbreaks. Furthermore, this genotype was strictly identical to 1 genotype involved in the outbreaks of the first site, strongly suggesting a common origin for these 2 viruses. The common origin was confirmed a posteriori because some larvae introduced to both sites had exactly the same geographic origin in Eastern Europe. Taken together, the molecular and epidemiological data suggest that both horizontal and vertical transmission of 2 distinct strains of perhabdoviruses were involved in the various outbreaks affecting pike-perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bigarré
- ANSES, Laboratoire Ploufragan-Plouzané, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Bellec L, Louboutin L, Cabon J, Castric J, Cozien J, Thiéry R, Morin T. Molecular evolution and phylogeography of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with a focus on its presence in France over the last 30 years. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2438-2446. [PMID: 28874229 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is among the most important pathogens affecting the salmonid industry. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution and circulation of isolates from 11 countries or regions all over the world, with a special focus on the epidemiological situation in France. The phylogeography, time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and nucleotide substitution rate were studied using 118 full-length glycoprotein gene sequences isolated from 9 countries (5 genogroups) over a period of 47 years. The TMRCA dates back to 1943, with the L genogroup identified as the likely root (67 %), which is consistent with the first report of this pathogen in the USA. A Bayesian inference approach was applied to the partial glycoprotein gene sequences of 88 representative strains isolated in France over the period 1987-2015. The genetic diversity of these 88 sequences showed mean nucleotide and amino-acid identities of 97.1 and 97.8 %, respectively, and a d N/d S ratio (non-synonymous to synonymous mutations) of 0.25, indicating purifying selection. The French viral populations are divided into eight sub-clades and four individual isolates, with a clear spatial differentiation, suggesting the predominant role of local reservoirs in contamination. The atypical 'signatures' of some isolates underlined the usefulness of molecular phylogeny for epidemiological investigations that track the spread of IHNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bellec
- IFREMER, Centre Brest, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.,IFREMER, Centre Brest, REM/EEP/LMEE, UMR6197, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lénaïg Louboutin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Viral Fish Pathology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Regulated Fish Diseases, Bretagne Loire University, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Viral Fish Pathology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Regulated Fish Diseases, Bretagne Loire University, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jeanne Castric
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Viral Fish Pathology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Regulated Fish Diseases, Bretagne Loire University, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Joëlle Cozien
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Santé Environnement et Microbiologie (PDG-RBE-SG2M-LSEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Richard Thiéry
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Viral Fish Pathology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Regulated Fish Diseases, Bretagne Loire University, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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