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Detection of ICP0 protein in tear fluid of individuals with active herpetic epithelial keratitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2011; 55:591-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-011-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Matthews AG. An overview of recent developments in corneal immunobiology: potential relevance in the etiogenesis of corneal disease in the horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2008; 11 Suppl 1:66-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency. Improper management can lead to marked loss of vision. This review identifies recent trends in the study of infectious keratitis. RECENT FINDINGS A multicountry outbreak of Fusarium keratitis emphasizes that contact lens wear is a major risk factor for infectious keratitis. Acanthamoeba and fungal keratitis are the most expensive forms of infectious keratitis to treat. Noninvasive methods and molecular techniques have improved diagnosis of infectious keratitis. Fortified topical antibiotics and fluoroquinolones are still the mainstay of bacterial keratitis therapy. Voriconazole and new routes of administration of conventional antifungals appear promising for fungal keratitis. Antivirals and amelioration of host inflammatory response are promising for viral keratitis; the host response is also crucial in pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Trauma-induced bacterial and fungal keratitis and contact lens-associated keratitis are preventable entities. SUMMARY Improved modalities of diagnosis and treatment have improved the outcome of infectious keratitis, but therapy of acanthamoebal, fungal and P. aeruginosa keratitis is still a challenge. Effective strategies must neutralize potential risk factors and counter host response overactivity without impairing killing of infecting microorganisms. Trauma-induced bacterial and fungal keratitis can be prevented.
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Morishige N, Jester JV, Naito J, Osorio N, Wahlert A, Jones C, Everett RD, Wechsler SL, Perng GC. Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 localizes in the stromal layer of infected rabbit corneas and resides predominantly in the cytoplasm and/or perinuclear region of rabbit keratocytes. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2817-2825. [PMID: 16963739 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) results from the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in the cornea. The subsequent corneal inflammation and neovascularization may lead to scarring and visual loss. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HSK remain unknown. The presence of stromal HSV-1 viral proteins or antigens in the HSK cornea remains a subject of debate. It was recently reported that HSV-1 ICP0 rapidly diffuses out of infected rabbit corneas. To investigate further the presence of HSV-1 ICP0 in the infected cornea, particularly in the corneal stroma, ex vivo confocal microscopy was used to scan rabbit corneas infected with the virus ICP0-EYFP, an HSV-1 derivative (strain 17+) that expresses ICP0 fused to the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). These results demonstrate that ICP0 is expressed in the corneal epithelium and stromal cells (keratocytes) of infected rabbit corneas throughout acute infection. Furthermore, expression of ICP0-EYFP appears localized to punctate, granular deposits within stromal keratocytes, showing both a cytoplasmic and perinuclear localization. These findings provide new data demonstrating that anterior corneal keratocytes become infected and express ICP0 during acute HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Morishige
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - James V Jester
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Julie Naito
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nelson Osorio
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Wahlert
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Roger D Everett
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Steven L Wechsler
- The Eye Institute, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Virology, USAMC-AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546, Bangkok, Thailand
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