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Effect of Glucocorticosteroids in Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia: Maybe Not as Elusive as It Seems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031886. [PMID: 35163808 PMCID: PMC8837118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a red blood cell aplasia that in the majority of cases is associated with ribosomal protein (RP) aberrations. However, the mechanism by which this disorder leads to such a specific phenotype remains unclear. Even more elusive is the reason why non-specific agents such as glucocorticosteroids (GCs), also known as glucocorticoids, are an effective therapy for DBA. In this review, we (1) explore why GCs are successful in DBA treatment, (2) discuss the effect of GCs on erythropoiesis, and (3) summarise the GC impact on crucial pathways deregulated in DBA. Furthermore, we show that GCs do not regulate DBA erythropoiesis via a single mechanism but more likely via several interdependent pathways.
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Da Costa LM. Diamond-Blackfan anemia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2021; 2021:353-360. [PMID: 34889440 PMCID: PMC8791146 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, characterized as a rare congenital bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia (OMIM#105650). Erythroid defect in DBA results in erythroblastopenia in bone marrow as a consequence of maturation blockade between the burst forming unit-erythroid and colony forming unit-erythroid developmental stages, leading to moderate to severe usually macrocytic aregenerative (<20 × 109/L of reticulocytes) anemia. Congenital malformations localized mostly in the cephalic area and in the extremities (thumbs), as well as short stature and cardiac and urogenital tract abnormalities, are a feature of 50% of the DBA-affected patients. A significant increased risk for malignancy has been reported. DBA is due to a defect in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation as a consequence of a heterozygous mutation in 1 of the 20 ribosomal protein genes. Besides classical DBA, some DBA-like diseases have been identified. The relation between the defect in rRNA maturation and the erythroid defect in DBA has yet to be fully defined. However, recent studies have identified a role for GATA1 either due to a specific defect in its translation or due to its defective regulation by its chaperone HSP70. In addition, excess free heme-induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis have been implicated in the DBA erythroid phenotype. Current treatment options are either regular transfusions with appropriate iron chelation or treatment with corticosteroids starting at 1 year of age. The only curative treatment for the anemia of DBA to date is bone marrow transplantation. Use of gene therapy as a therapeutic strategy is currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie M. Da Costa
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- HEMATIM EA4666, Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cells, LABEX GR-Ex, Paris, France
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Jahan D, Al Hasan MM, Haque M. Diamond-Blackfan anemia with mutation in RPS19: A case report and an overview of published pieces of literature. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:163-170. [PMID: 32742115 PMCID: PMC7373105 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_234_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), one of a rare group of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, is characterized by red cell failure, the presence of congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. It can be caused by mutations in the RPS19 gene (25% of the cases). Methods This case report describes a 10-month-old boy who presented with 2 months' history of gradually increasing weakness and pallor. Results The patient was diagnosed as a case of DBA based on peripheral blood finding, bone marrow aspiration with trephine biopsy reports, and genetic mutation analysis of the RPS19 gene. His father refused hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for financial constraints. Patient received prednisolone therapy with oral folic acid and iron supplements. Conclusion Hemoglobin raised from 6.7 to 9.8g/dL after 1 month of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Siva K, Ek F, Chen J, Ghani Alattar A, Sigmundsson K, Olsson R, Wlodarski M, Lundbäck T, Flygare J. A Phenotypic Screening Assay Identifies Modulators of Diamond Blackfan Anemia. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 24:304-313. [PMID: 30784369 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218823531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome caused by mutations in ribosomal protein genes. Pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood but involve severely reduced proliferation of erythroid precursors. Because current DBA therapies are ineffective and associated with severe side effects, disease-specific therapies are urgently needed. We hypothesized that druggable molecular pathways underlying the defect can be revealed through phenotypic small-molecule screens. Accordingly, a screening assay was developed using c-kit+ fetal liver erythroid progenitors from a doxycycline-inducible DBA mouse model. The addition of doxycycline to the culture medium induces the phenotype and reduces proliferation to <10% of normal, such that rescue of proliferation can be used as a simple readout for screening. Here, we describe the assay rationale and efforts toward validation of a microtiter plate-compatible assay and its application in a pilot screen of 3871 annotated compounds. Ten hits demonstrated concentration-dependent activity, and we report a brief follow-up of one of these compounds. In conclusion, we established a robust scalable assay for screening molecules that rescue erythropoiesis in DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Siva
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- 2 Chemical Biology and Therapeutics group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jun Chen
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdul Ghani Alattar
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristmundur Sigmundsson
- 3 Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department for Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- 2 Chemical Biology and Therapeutics group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcin Wlodarski
- 4 Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- 3 Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department for Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Solna, Sweden.,5 Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Danazol: An Effective and Underutilised Treatment Option in Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:4684156. [PMID: 31355022 PMCID: PMC6636591 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4684156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red cell aplasia that presents in infancy. The exact molecular mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis and red cell aplasia remains unclear, rendering targeted therapy elusive. The mainstay treatment of DBA is with regular blood transfusion and long-term corticosteroids, both of which have long-term side effects. We report a case of DBA successfully treated with danazol, a synthetic androgen, and suggest that danazol be considered as a viable option in patients who become refractory to steroids and are considered high risk or unfit for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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van Dooijeweert B, van Ommen CH, Smiers FJ, Tamminga RYJ, te Loo MW, Donker AE, Peters M, Granzen B, Gille HJJP, Bierings MB, MacInnes AW, Bartels M. Pediatric Diamond-Blackfan anemia in the Netherlands: An overview of clinical characteristics and underlying molecular defects. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:163-170. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit van Dooijeweert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C. Heleen van Ommen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. Smiers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Y. J. Tamminga
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maroeska W. te Loo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Peters
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Granzen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Maastricht University Medical Center; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. J. P. Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marc B. Bierings
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alyson W. MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marije Bartels
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Gomes RFT, Munerato MC. The Stomatological Complications of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: A Case Report. Clin Med Res 2016; 14:97-102. [PMID: 26864506 PMCID: PMC5321285 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2015.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disease characterized by severe anemia, reduction or absence of erythroid progenitors, and pro-apoptoptic hematopoiesis, which culminates in bone marrow failure. The disease generally manifests in infancy, as craniofacial, cardiac, genitourinary, and upper limb congenital anomalies. Therapy with corticoids is the treatment of choice, while blood transfusion is adopted during diagnosis and as a chronic approach if the patient does not respond to corticoids. This case report describes DBA in a patient that presented with lesions on the oral mucosa caused by secondary neutropenia. The stomatologist plays an important role in a transdisciplinary team and must remain attentive to the general health conditions of patients, since some oral lesions may be associated with systemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Munerato
- Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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In-Depth, Label-Free Analysis of the Erythrocyte Cytoplasmic Proteome in Diamond Blackfan Anemia Identifies a Unique Inflammatory Signature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140036. [PMID: 26474164 PMCID: PMC4608755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare, congenital erythrocyte aplasia that is usually caused by haploinsufficiency of ribosomal proteins due to diverse mutations in one of several ribosomal genes. A striking feature of this disease is that a range of different mutations in ribosomal proteins results in similar disease phenotypes primarily characterized by erythrocyte abnormalities and macrocytic anemia, while most other cell types in the body are minimally affected. Previously, we analyzed the erythrocyte membrane proteomes of several DBA patients and identified several proteins that are not typically associated with this cell type and that suggested inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of DBA. In this study, we evaluated the erythrocyte cytosolic proteome of DBA patients through in-depth analysis of hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte cytosols. Simple, reproducible, hemoglobin depletion using nickel columns enabled in-depth analysis of over 1000 cytosolic erythrocyte proteins with only moderate total analysis time per proteome. Label-free quantitation and statistical analysis identified 29 proteins with significantly altered abundance levels in DBA patients compared to matched healthy control donors. Proteins that were significantly increased in DBA erythrocyte cytoplasms included three proteasome subunit beta proteins that make up the immunoproteasome and proteins induced by interferon-γ such as n-myc interactor and interferon-induced 35 kDa protein [NMI and IFI35 respectively]. Pathway analysis confirmed the presence of an inflammatory signature in erythrocytes of DBA patients and predicted key upstream regulators including mitogen activated kinase 1, interferon-γ, tumor suppressor p53, and tumor necrosis factor. These results show that erythrocytes in DBA patients are intrinsically different from those in healthy controls which may be due to an inflammatory response resulting from the inherent molecular defect of ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency or changes in the bone marrow microenvironment that leads to red cell aplasia in DBA patients.
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Blalock WL, Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Raffini M, Faenza I, D'Angelo A, Cocco L. Identification of the PKR nuclear interactome reveals roles in ribosome biogenesis, mRNA processing and cell division. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1047-60. [PMID: 24347309 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The double-strand RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, plays a central role in inflammatory/chronic stress-mediated pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and neuro/muscular degenerative diseases. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted to elucidate the role of PKR signaling in the cytosol, only recently has attention been paid to the role of PKR in the nuclear compartment. Previously our group reported that phosphorylated forms of PKR are present in the nucleus of acute leukemic cell lines, representing a reservoir of active kinase that responds to stress. Using the CCRF-CEM acute T-cell leukemia cell line, a PKR-specific inhibitor, co-immunoprecipitation and a proteomics approach, which included affinity purified mass spectrometry analysis (AP/MS), we identified the proteins present in active and inactive PKR nuclear complexes. Of the proteins identified in the PKR complexes, sixty-nine (69) were specific to the active complex, while thirty-eight (38) were specific to the inactive complex. An additional thirteen (13) proteins associated specifically with both complexes. The majority of the proteins identified are involved in, ribosome biogenesis, RNA splicing, mRNA stability, gene expression, cell cycle, or chromatin organization, including several with known significance to normal hematopoiesis and/or hematological disease. In agreement with the AP/MS data, basal- or over-expression of PKR under normal growth conditions favored cell proliferation in the tested cell lines, whereas pharmacological inhibition of PKR or shRNA-mediated knock-down did not. PKR was also found to influence the isoform and the level of expression of the proto-oncogene MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Blalock
- CNR-NationalResearch Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Raiser DM, Narla A, Ebert BL. The emerging importance of ribosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hematologic disorders. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:491-500. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.812786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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