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Frasheri I, Paschalidou M, Imhof T, Steinberg T, Spinell T, Hickel R, Folwaczny M. Evaluation of the biological effects of amelogenin on human oral keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2023; 39:922-928. [PMID: 37640635 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amelogenins are clinically used in periodontal regeneration as main components of root surface modifying agents, even without specifically preventing the premature colonization of the healing tissue defect by means of a physical barrier membrane. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of human amelogenin on the proliferation, migration, and morphology of Immortalized Human Oral Keratinocytes (iHOKs). METHODS Immortalized Human Oral Keratinocytes were expanded in Keratinocyte Growth Medium-2 (KGM-2). Full-length recombinant amelogenin protein was diluted in KGM-2 in five concentrations (10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 1.000 ng/ml, 5.000 ng/ml and 10.000 ng/ml). iHOKs were cultured in medium supplemented with the amelogenin dilutions. Samples without amelogenin served as control. Cell metabolism and cell proliferation together with cell migration were evaluated at day 7, 14, 21. RESULTS At day 7, iHOKs treated with 10,000 ng/ml showed a significant decrease in keratinocytes´ proliferation. The metabolic activity at this timepoint was significantly lower for concentrations ≥ 1000 ng/ml. At days 14 and 21, both the addition of 5000 ng/ml and even more 10,000 ng/ml amelogenin reduced significantly the proliferation of keratinocytes. The effects on the metabolic activity for these timepoints were visible already with 100 ng/ml. Treatment of iHOKs with amelogenin of ≥ 1000 ng/ml led to inhibitory effects on cell migration already after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The full-length recombinant amelogenin has a significant biological impact on iHOKs. The increasing dose dependent inhibitory effects of amelogenin shown on iHOKs might explain the disruption of the apical migration of the junctional epithelium during regenerative healing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Amelogenin, presents time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of keratinocytes, which might explain the biological rationale behind its application in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Maria Paschalidou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Spinell
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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Osteoprotective Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivatives on the Regeneration of Mandibular Defects in Experimentally Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8659010. [PMID: 34804167 PMCID: PMC8598373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8659010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporosis is a progressive systematic skeletal illness characterized by low bone mineral density and susceptibility to fracture caused by bone resorption. Aim of the Study. This study intended to evaluate the possible role of emdogain in combination with calcitonin on the healing of surgically induced mandibular defects performed on osteoporotic rats. Materials and Methods Forty healthy female white albino rats were included in this study and divided into four groups. In group I (negative control), 10 rats received a vehicle injection after which a unilateral mandibular defect was created in each rat of all groups. Three groups were subjected to induction of osteoporosis by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone for 60 days. In group II, rats were kept without treatment. In group III, rats were treated with daily intramuscular injection of 2.5 IU/kg of synthetic salmon calcitonin. In group IV, rats were handled as group III, and the created cavity was filled with emdogain. Rats were euthanized at 2nd and 4th week postsurgically. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, NF-κB (nuclear factor of activated B cells), and immunohistochemical stains were used, followed by statistical analysis. Results Group I showed normal stages of bone defects healing. Group II revealed the formation of granulation tissue with dilated blood vessels, while groups III and IV showed enhanced bone healing and proper collagen fibers. The percentage area of newly formed collagen fibers was significantly higher in group IV at 2nd week (13.96 ± 0.020%) and 4th week (16.95 ± 0.024%) than in group II (8.75 ± 0.015% and 10.29 ± 0.015%, respectively) and group III (12.93 ± 0.015% and 14.61 ± 0.021%, respectively), but was lower than that in group I (15.75 ± 0.015% and 17.49 ± 0.015%, respectively). Conclusion The local application of emdogain combined with systemically injected calcitonin improves bone healing in surgically induced bone defects in osteoporotic rats.
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Helal HM, Samy WM, Kamoun EA, El-Fakharany EM, Abdelmonsif DA, Aly RG, Mortada SM, Sallam MA. Potential Privilege of Maltodextrin-α-Tocopherol Nano-Micelles in Seizing Tacrolimus Renal Toxicity, Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis and Accelerating Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4781-4803. [PMID: 34290503 PMCID: PMC8286967 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s317409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tacrolimus (TAC) is a powerful immunosuppressive agent whose therapeutic applicability is confined owing to its systemic side effects. Objective Herein, we harnessed a natural polymer based bioconjugate composed of maltodextrin and α-tocopherol (MD-α-TOC) to encapsulate TAC as an attempt to overcome its biological limitations while enhancing its therapeutic anti-rheumatic efficacy. Methods The designed TAC loaded maltodextrin-α-tocopherol nano-micelles (TAC@MD-α-TOC) were assessed for their physical properties, safety, toxicological behavior, their ability to combat arthritis and assist bone/cartilage formation. Results In vitro cell viability assay revealed enhanced safety profile of optimized TAC@MD-α-TOC with 1.6- to 2-fold increase in Vero cells viability compared with free TAC. Subacute toxicity study demonstrated a diminished nephro- and hepato-toxicity accompanied with optimized TAC@MD-α-TOC. TAC@MD-α-TOC also showed significantly enhanced anti-arthritic activity compared with free TAC, as reflected by improved clinical scores and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and synovial fluids. Unique bone formation criteria were proved with TAC@MD-α-TOC by elevated serum and synovial fluid levels of osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA and proteins expression. Chondrogenic differentiation abilities of TAC@MD-α-TOC were proved by increased serum and synovial fluid levels of SOX9 mRNA and protein expression. Conclusion Overall, our designed bioconjugate micelles offered an excellent approach for improved TAC safety profile with enhanced anti-arthritic activity and unique bone formation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Helal
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Wael M Samy
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.,Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El- Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Proteins Research Dep., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Sana M Mortada
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Takeuchi T, Masuno K, Kato H, Taguchi Y, Umeda M, Okusa N, Tanaka A, Tominaga K. A Human Amelogenin-Derived Oligopeptide Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Innovations in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
| | - Hirohito Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Nobutaka Okusa
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Dental University
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Recombinant amelogenin regulates the bioactivity of mouse cementoblasts in vitro. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:15. [PMID: 29748557 PMCID: PMC5966809 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin (AMG) is a cell adhesion molecule that has an important role in the mineralization of enamel and regulates events during dental development and root formation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human AMG (rhAMG) on mineralized tissue-associated genes in cementoblasts. Immortalized mouse cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000 ng · mL-1) of recombinant human AMG (rhAMG) and analyzed for proliferation, mineralization and mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), collagen type I (COL I), osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) genes using quantitative RT-PCR. The dose response of rhAMG was evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer. Total RNA was isolated on day 3, and cell mineralization was assessed using von Kossa staining on day 8. COL I, OPN and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1), which is a cell surface binding site for amelogenin, were evaluated using immunocytochemistry. F-actin bundles were imaged using confocal microscopy. rhAMG at a concentration of 100,000 ng · mL-1 increased cell proliferation after 72 h compared to the other concentrations and the untreated control group. rhAMG (100,000 ng · mL-1) upregulated BSP and OCN mRNA expression levels eightfold and fivefold, respectively. rhAMG at a concentration of 100,000 ng · mL-1 remarkably enhanced LAMP-1 staining in cementoblasts. Increased numbers of mineralized nodules were observed at concentrations of 10,000 and 100,000 ng · mL-1 rhAMG. The present data suggest that rhAMG is a potent regulator of gene expression in cementoblasts and support the potential application of rhAMG in therapies aimed at fast regeneration of damaged periodontal tissue. A protein with its roots in dental development stimulates the proliferation and gene expression of cells linked to regeneration. Amelogenin is a mediator of enamel and tooth root formation, and the main component of a recently-developed medicine for periodontal regeneration. An international research group led by Sema Hakki, of Selcuk University, Turkey, has now elucidated the effects of amelogenin on cementoblasts, a type of cell responsible for producing the vital, mineralized layer on surface of the tooth root. Hakki’s team found that the bacteria-derived amelogenin increased the rate of mouse cementoblast proliferation and mineralization in vitro, and increased the expression of genes related to bone and tissue generation. The team also demonstrated the presence of a likely amelogenin receptor on the cells used in their study. These findings support further investigation into amelogenin’s therapeutic potential.
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Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8354640. [PMID: 28757880 PMCID: PMC5516750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8354640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues hold great promise in bone tissue engineering since they are available in large quantities as a waste material. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a specialized adipose tissue that is easy to harvest and contains a rich blood supply, and its harvesting causes low complications for patients. This review focuses on the characteristics and osteogenic capability of stem cells derived from BFP as a valuable cell source for bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was performed on all in vitro and in vivo studies that used stem cells from BFP for the purpose of bone tissue engineering from 2010 until 2016. This review was organized according to the PRISMA statement. Adipose-derived stem cells derived from BFP (BFPSCs) were compared with adipose tissues from other parts of the body (AdSCs). Moreover, the osteogenic capability of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) derived from BFP (BFP-DFAT) has been reported in comparison with BFPSCs. BFP is an easily accessible source of stem cells that can be obtained via the oral cavity without injury to the external body surface. Comparing BFPSCs with AdSCs indicated similar cell yield, morphology, and multilineage differentiation. However, BFPSCs proliferate faster and are more prone to producing colonies than AdSCs.
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Full-length amelogenin influences the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26762641 PMCID: PMC4712507 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein well known for its role in the organization and mineralization of enamel. Clinically, it is used for periodontal regeneration and, due to its finding also in predentin and intercellular spaces of dental pulp cells, it has recently been suggested for pulp capping procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the effect of the recombinant human full-length amelogenin on the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods Human DPSCs were treated with a supplement of amelogenin at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml. The groups were compared to the unstimulated control in terms of cell morphology and proliferation, mineralization and gene expression for ALP (alkaline phosphatase), DMP1 (dentin matrix protein-1) and DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein). Results Amelogenin affects hDPSCs differently than PDL (periodontal ligament) cells and other cell lines. The proliferation rate at two weeks is significantly reduced in presence of the highest concentration of amelogenin as compared to the unstimulated control. hDPSCs treated with low concentrations present a downregulation of DMP1 and DSPP, which is significant for DSPP (p = 0.011), but not for DMP1 (p = 0.395). Conclusions These finding suggest that the role of full-length amelogenin is not restricted to participation in tooth structure. It influences the differentiation of hDPSC according to various concentrations and this might impair the clinical results of pulp capping.
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Noro D, Kurashige Y, Shudo K, Takahashi A, Abiko Y, Saitoh M. Effect of epithelial cells derived from periodontal ligament on osteoblast-like cells in a Transwell membrane coculture system. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1007-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jacques J, Hotton D, De la Dure-Molla M, Petit S, Asselin A, Kulkarni AB, Gibson CW, Brookes SJ, Berdal A, Isaac J. Tracking endogenous amelogenin and ameloblastin in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99626. [PMID: 24933156 PMCID: PMC4059656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) is centered on understanding their role in enamel biomineralization and their bioactivity for tissue engineering. While therapeutic application of EMPs has been widely documented, their expression and biological function in non-enamel tissues is unclear. Our first aim was to screen for amelogenin (AMELX) and ameloblastin (AMBN) gene expression in mandibular bones and soft tissues isolated from adult mice (15 weeks old). Using RT-PCR, we showed mRNA expression of AMELX and AMBN in mandibular alveolar and basal bones and, at low levels, in several soft tissues; eyes and ovaries were RNA-positive for AMELX and eyes, tongues and testicles for AMBN. Moreover, in mandibular tissues AMELX and AMBN mRNA levels varied according to two parameters: 1) ontogenic stage (decreasing with age), and 2) tissue-type (e.g. higher level in dental epithelial cells and alveolar bone when compared to basal bone and dental mesenchymal cells in 1 week old mice). In situ hybridization and immunohistodetection were performed in mandibular tissues using AMELX KO mice as controls. We identified AMELX-producing (RNA-positive) cells lining the adjacent alveolar bone and AMBN and AMELX proteins in the microenvironment surrounding EMPs-producing cells. Western blotting of proteins extracted by non-dissociative means revealed that AMELX and AMBN are not exclusive to mineralized matrix; they are present to some degree in a solubilized state in mandibular bone and presumably have some capacity to diffuse. Our data support the notion that AMELX and AMBN may function as growth factor-like molecules solubilized in the aqueous microenvironment. In jaws, they might play some role in bone physiology through autocrine/paracrine pathways, particularly during development and stress-induced remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Jacques
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Dominique Hotton
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Muriel De la Dure-Molla
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Center of Rare Malformations of the Face and Oral Cavity (MAFACE), Hospital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Petit
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Asselin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Winters Gibson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven Joseph Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Center of Rare Malformations of the Face and Oral Cavity (MAFACE), Hospital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Isaac
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2578, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Corrêa MG, Gomes Campos ML, Marques MR, Bovi Ambrosano GM, Casati MZ, Nociti FH, Sallum EA. Outcome of enamel matrix derivative treatment in the presence of chronic stress: histometric study in rats. J Periodontol 2013; 85:e259-67. [PMID: 24283657 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychologic stress and clinical hypercortisolism have been related to direct effects on bone metabolism. However, there is a lack of information regarding the outcomes of regenerative approaches under the influence of chronic stress (CS). Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used in periodontal regenerative procedures, resulting in improvement of clinical parameters. Thus, the aim of this histomorphometric study is to evaluate the healing of periodontal defects after treatment with EMD under the influence of CS in the rat model. METHODS Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups; G1: CS (restraint stress for 12 hours/day) (n = 10), and G2: not exposed to CS (n = 10). Fifteen days after initiation of CS, fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar of all animals from both groups. After the surgeries, the defects of each animal were randomly assigned to two subgroups: non-treated control and treated with EMD. The animals were euthanized 21 days later. RESULTS G1 showed less bone density (BD) compared to G2. EMD provided an increased defect fill (DF) in G1 and higher BD and new cementum formation (NCF) in both groups. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in G1 when compared to G2 and in EMD-treated sites of both groups. CONCLUSIONS CS may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF compared to non-treated control in the presence of CS and increased BD and NCF in the presence or absence of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica G Corrêa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Broccaioli E, Niada S, Rasperini G, Ferreira LM, Arrigoni E, Yenagi V, Brini AT. Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bichat's Fat Pad: In Vitro Comparison with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Subcutaneous Tissue. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:107-17. [PMID: 23593563 PMCID: PMC3620540 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are progenitor cells used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since Bichat's fat pad is easily accessible for dentists and maxillo-facial surgeons, we compared the features of ASCs from Bichat's fat pad (BFP-ASCs) with human ASCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC-ASCs). BFP-ASCs isolated from a small amount of tissue were characterized for their stemness and multidifferentiative ability. They showed an important clonogenic ability and the typical mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype. Moreover, when properly induced, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen deposition and lipid vacuoles formation, were promptly observed. Growth of both BFP-ASCs and SC-ASCs in the presence of human serum and their adhesion to natural and synthetic scaffolds were also assessed. Both types of ASCs adapted rapidly to human autologous or heterologous sera, increasing their proliferation rate compared to standard culture condition, and all the cells adhered finely to bone, periodontal ligament, collagen membrane, and polyglycol acid filaments that are present in the oral cavity or are commonly used in oral surgery. At last, we showed that amelogenin seems to be an early osteoinductive factor for BFP-ASCs, but not SC-ASCs, in vitro. We conclude that Bichat's fat pad contains BFP-ASCs with stemness features that are able to differentiate and adhere to biological supports and synthetic materials. They are also able to proliferate in the presence of human serum. For all these reasons we propose BFP-ASCs for future therapies of periodontal defects and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Broccaioli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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