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TRPV3 and Itch: The Role of TRPV3 in Chronic Pruritus according to Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314962. [PMID: 36499288 PMCID: PMC9737326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Itching is a sensory phenomenon characterized by an unpleasant sensation that makes you want to scratch the skin, and chronic itching diminishes the quality of life. In recent studies, multiple transient receptor potential (TRP) channels present in keratinocytes or nerve endings have been shown to engage in the propagation of itch signals in chronic dermatological or pruritic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PS). TRPV3, a member of the TRP family, is highly expressed in the epidermal keratinocytes. Normal TRPV3 signaling is essential for maintaining epidermal barrier homeostasis. In recent decades, many studies have suggested that TRPV3 contributes to detecting pruritus signals. Gain-of-function mutations in TRPV3 in mice and humans are characterized by severe itching, hyperkeratosis, and elevated total IgE levels. These studies suggest that TRPV3 is an important channel for skin itching. Preclinical studies have provided evidence to support the development of TRPV3 antagonists for treating inflammatory skin conditions, itchiness, and pain. This review explores the role of TRPV3 in chronic pruritus, collating clinical and experimental evidence. We also discuss underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and explore the potential of TRPV3 antagonists as therapeutic agents.
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Wang Y, Tan L, Jiao K, Xue C, Tang Q, Jiang S, Ren Y, Chen H, El-Aziz TMA, Abdelazeem KNM, Yu Y, Zhao F, Zhu MX, Cao Z. Scutellarein Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Selectively Inhibiting Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4792-4808. [PMID: 35771623 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory cutaneous diseases with unmet clinical needs. As a common ingredient found in several medicinal herbs with efficacy on cutaneous inflammatory diseases, Scutellarein (Scu) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Scu against AD and its underlying molecular mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Efficacy of Scu on AD was evaluated in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and carvacrol-induced dermatitis mouse models. Cytokine mRNA and serum IgE levels were examined using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Voltage clamp recordings were used to measure currents mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In silico docking, site-direct mutagenesis, and covalent modification were used to explore the binding pocket of Scu on TRPV3. KEY RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of Scu efficaciously suppresses DNFB and carvacrol-induced pruritus, epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation in wild type mice but has no additional benefit in Trpv3 knockout mice in the carvacrol model. Scu is a potent and selective TRPV3 channel allosteric negative modulator with an apparent affinity of 1.18 μM. Molecular docking coupled with site-direct mutagenesis and covalent modification of incorporated cysteine residues demonstrate that Scu targets the cavity formed between the pore helix and transmembrane helix S6. Moreover, Scu attenuates endogenous TRPV3 activity in human keratinocytes and inhibits carvacrol-induced proliferative and proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these data demonstrate that Scu ameliorates carvacrol-induced skin inflammation by directly inhibiting TRPV3, and TRPV3 represents a viable therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liaoxi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Younan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Khalid N M Abdelazeem
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinic Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Mahajan N, Khare P, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. TRPA1: Pharmacology, natural activators and role in obesity prevention. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174553. [PMID: 34627805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1 channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1 based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mahajan
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Seo SH, Kim S, Kim SE, Chung S, Lee SE. Enhanced Thermal Sensitivity of TRPV3 in Keratinocytes Underlies Heat-Induced Pruritogen Release and Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2199-2209.e6. [PMID: 32247859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Itch in atopic dermatitis (AD) is aggravated under warm conditions. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 3, a member of the thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels, is activated by innocuous heat and is abundantly expressed in keratinocytes. The potential role of TRPV3 in itch is illustrated in TRPV3 channelopathies of humans and mice. However, the role of TRPV3 in heat-induced itch in AD and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we showed that keratinocytes isolated from patients with AD exhibit enhanced expression and heat sensitivity with hyperactive channel function of TRPV3. Heat stimulus induced enhanced secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, and prostaglandin E2 by keratinocytes from patients with AD through TRPV3 activation. TRPV3 agonists increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and IL-33 production in human keratinocytes and induced scratching behavior upon intradermal injection in mice. TRPV3 was upregulated in the skin of MC903-induced AD mouse model. Heat stimulation to MC903-treated mice increased scratching behavior and produced higher levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and IL-33 from the epidermis, which were attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV3. Moreover, neutralization of thymic stromal lymphopoietin reduced heat-evoked scratching in MC903-challenged mice. These results suggest that TRPV3 is a potential therapeutic target for heat-induced itch in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Ee Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Peixoto-Neves D, Soni H, Adebiyi A. Oxidant-induced increase in norepinephrine secretion from PC12 cells is dependent on TRPM8 channel-mediated intracellular calcium elevation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:709-715. [PMID: 30376995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate neuronal function, including plasticity and neurotransmitter biosynthesis and release. The cellular mechanisms that underlie redox modulation of neurotransmission are not fully resolved, but potential pathways include ROS-induced alterations in Ca2+ signaling in nerve terminals. In this study, we show that cold-sensitive receptor TRPM8 is activated by pro-oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). Polymerase chain reaction, Western immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence indicated that TRPM8 channels are expressed in rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, a phenotypic model of sympathetic neurosecretion when differentiated with nerve growth factor. WS-12, a selective TRPM8 channel agonist, and tBHP increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in differentiated PC12 cells; an effect attenuated by AMTB, a selective TRPM8 channel blocker, and siRNA-mediated TRPM8 knockdown. Blockade of TRPM8 channels also reduced WS-12- and tBHP-evoked norepinephrine secretion from the cells. These data suggest that TRPM8 channels contribute to oxidant-induced neurotransmission in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Zhang H, Sun X, Qi H, Ma Q, Zhou Q, Wang W, Wang K. Pharmacological Inhibition of the Temperature-Sensitive and Ca2+-Permeable Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid TRPV3 Channel by Natural Forsythoside B Attenuates Pruritus and Cytotoxicity of Keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:21-31. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Moran MM, Szallasi A. Targeting nociceptive transient receptor potential channels to treat chronic pain: current state of the field. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2185-2203. [PMID: 28924972 PMCID: PMC5980611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of chronic pain is frequently inadequate and/or associated with intolerable adverse effects, prompting a frantic search for new therapeutics and new therapeutic targets. Nearly two decades of preclinical and clinical research supports the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in temperature perception, nociception and sensitization. Although there has been considerable excitement around the therapeutic potential of this channel family since the cloning and identification of TRPV1 cation channels as the capsaicin receptor more than 20 years ago, only modulators of a few channels have been tested clinically. TRPV1 channel antagonists have suffered from side effects related to the channel's role in temperature sensation; however, high dose formulations of capsaicin have reached the market and shown therapeutic utility. A number of potent, small molecule antagonists of TRPA1 channels have recently advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and TRPM8 antagonists are following closely behind for cold allodynia. TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM2 and TRPM3 channels have also been of significant interest. This review discusses the preclinical promise and status of novel analgesic agents that target TRP channels and the challenges that these compounds may face in development and clinical practice. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpad Szallasi
- Clinical LaboratoriesBaptist Medical CenterJacksonvilleFLUSA
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Nazıroğlu M, Blum W, Jósvay K, Çiğ B, Henzi T, Oláh Z, Vizler C, Schwaller B, Pecze L. Menthol evokes Ca 2+ signals and induces oxidative stress independently of the presence of TRPM8 (menthol) receptor in cancer cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:439-449. [PMID: 29078169 PMCID: PMC5680524 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol possessing remarkable biological properties including antipruritic, analgesic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and cooling effects. Here, we examined the menthol-evoked Ca2+ signals in breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The effect of menthol (50–500 µM) was predicted to be mediated by the transient receptor potential ion channel melastatin subtype 8 (TRPM8). However, the intensity of menthol-evoked Ca2+ signals did not correlate with the expression levels of TRPM8 in breast and prostate cancer cells indicating a TRPM8-independent signaling pathway. Menthol-evoked Ca2+ signals were analyzed in detail in Du 145 prostate cancer cells, as well as in CRISPR/Cas9 TRPM8-knockout Du 145 cells. Menthol (500 µM) induced Ca2+ oscillations in both cell lines, thus independent of TRPM8, which were however dependent on the production of inositol trisphosphate. Results based on pharmacological tools point to an involvement of the purinergic pathway in menthol-evoked Ca2+ responses. Finally, menthol (50–500 µM) decreased cell viability and induced oxidative stress independently of the presence of TRPM8 channels, despite that temperature-evoked TRPM8-mediated inward currents were significantly decreased in TRPM8-knockout Du 145 cells compared to wild type Du 145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mediciene, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Walter Blum
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katalin Jósvay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mediciene, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Thomas Henzi
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Oláh
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Acheuron Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - László Pecze
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Wang G, Wang K. The Ca2+-Permeable Cation Transient Receptor Potential TRPV3 Channel: An Emerging Pivotal Target for Itch and Skin Diseases. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:193-200. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Pérez de Vega MJ, Gómez-Monterrey I, Ferrer-Montiel A, González-Muñiz R. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 Channel (TRPM8) Modulation: Cool Entryway for Treating Pain and Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10006-10029. [PMID: 27437828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TRPM8 ion channels, the primary cold sensors in humans, are activated by innocuous cooling (<28 °C) and cooling compounds (menthol, icilin) and are implicated in sensing unpleasant cold stimuli as well as in mammalian thermoregulation. Overexpression of these thermoregulators in prostate cancer and in other life-threatening tumors, along with their contribution to an increasing number of pathological conditions, opens a plethora of medicinal chemistry opportunities to develop receptor modulators. This Perspective seeks to describe current known modulators for this ion channel because both agonists and antagonists may be useful for the treatment of most TRPM8-mediated pathologies. We primarily focus on SAR data for the different families of compounds and the pharmacological properties of the most promising ligands. Furthermore, we also address the knowledge about the channel structure, although still in its infancy, and the role of the TRPM8 protein signalplex to channel function and dysfunction. We finally outline the potential future prospects of the challenging TRPM8 drug discovery field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Gómez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "Federico II" de Napoli , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández . 03202 Alicante, Spain
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Cold and L-menthol-induced sensitization in healthy volunteers--a cold hypersensitivity analogue to the heat/capsaicin model. Pain 2016; 156:880-889. [PMID: 25719613 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Topical high-concentration L-menthol is the only established human experimental pain model to study mechanisms underlying cold hyperalgesia. We aimed at investigating the combinatorial effect of cold stimuli and topical L-menthol on cold pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. Analogue to the heat-capsaicin model on skin sensitization, we proposed that cold/menthol enhances or prolong L-menthol-evoked sensitization. Topical 40% L-menthol or vehicle was applied (20 minutes) on the volar forearms of 20 healthy females and males (age, 28.7 ± 0.6 years). Cold stimulation of 5°C for 5 minutes was then applied to the treated area 3 times with 40-minute intervals. Cold detection threshold and pain, mechanical hyperalgesia (pinprick), static and dynamic mechanical allodynia (von Frey and brush), skin blood flow (laser speckle), and temperature (thermocamera) were assessed. Cold detection threshold and cold pain threshold (CPT) increased after L-menthol and remained high after the cold rekindling cycles (P < 0.001). L-menthol evoked secondary hyperalgesia to pinprick (P < 0.001) particularly in females (P < 0.05) and also induced secondary allodynia to von Frey and brush (P < 0.001). Application of cold stimuli kept these areas enlarged with a higher response in females to brush after the third cold cycle (P < 0.05). Skin blood flow increased after L-menthol (P < 0.001) and stayed stable after cold cycles. Repeated application of cold on skin treated by L-menthol facilitated and prolonged L-menthol-induced cold pain and hyperalgesia. This model may prove beneficial for testing analgesic compounds when a sufficient duration of time is needed to see drug effects on CPT or mechanical hypersensitivity.
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Billen B, Brams M, Debaveye S, Remeeva A, Alpizar YA, Waelkens E, Kreir M, Brüggemann A, Talavera K, Nilius B, Voets T, Ulens C. Different ligands of the TRPV3 cation channel cause distinct conformational changes as revealed by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12964-74. [PMID: 25829496 PMCID: PMC4432310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV3 is a thermosensitive ion channel primarily expressed in epithelial tissues of the skin, nose, and tongue. The channel has been implicated in environmental thermosensation, hyperalgesia in inflamed tissues, skin sensitization, and hair growth. Although transient receptor potential (TRP) channel research has vastly increased our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of nociception and thermosensation, the molecular mechanics of these ion channels are still largely elusive. In order to better comprehend the functional properties and the mechanism of action in TRP channels, high-resolution three-dimensional structures are indispensable, because they will yield the necessary insights into architectural intimacies at the atomic level. However, structural studies of membrane proteins are currently hampered by difficulties in protein purification and in establishing suitable crystallization conditions. In this report, we present a novel protocol for the purification of membrane proteins, which takes advantage of a C-terminal GFP fusion. Using this protocol, we purified human TRPV3. We show that the purified protein is a fully functional ion channel with properties akin to the native channel using planar patch clamp on reconstituted channels and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. Using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, we reveal clear distinctions in the molecular interaction of different ligands with the channel. Altogether, this study provides powerful tools to broaden our understanding of ligand interaction with TRPV channels, and the availability of purified human TRPV3 opens up perspectives for further structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Billen
- From the Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,
| | - Marijke Brams
- From the Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Debaveye
- From the Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alina Remeeva
- From the Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- the Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- the Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Gabrielenstrasse 9, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Brüggemann
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Gabrielenstrasse 9, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Karel Talavera
- the Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- the Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- the Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Ulens
- From the Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
TRP channels are expressed in taste buds, nerve fibers, and keratinocytes in the oronasal cavity. These channels play integral roles in transducing chemical stimuli, giving rise to sensations of taste, irritation, warmth, coolness, and pungency. Specifically, TRPM5 acts downstream of taste receptors in the taste transduction pathway. TRPM5 channels convert taste-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) release into membrane depolarization to trigger taste transmitter secretion. PKD2L1 is expressed in acid-sensitive (sour) taste bud cells but is unlikely to be the transducer for sour taste. TRPV1 is a receptor for pungent chemical stimuli such as capsaicin and for several irritants (chemesthesis). It is controversial whether TRPV1 is present in the taste buds and plays a direct role in taste. Instead, TRPV1 is expressed in non-gustatory sensory afferent fibers and in keratinocytes of the oronasal cavity. In many sensory fibers and epithelial cells lining the oronasal cavity, TRPA1 is also co-expressed with TRPV1. As with TRPV1, TRPA1 transduces a wide variety of irritants and, in combination with TRPV1, assures that there is a broad response to noxious chemical stimuli. Other TRP channels, including TRPM8, TRPV3, and TRPV4, play less prominent roles in chemesthesis and no known role in taste, per se. The pungency of foods and beverages is likely highly influenced by the temperature at which they are consumed, their acidity, and, for beverages, their carbonation. All these factors modulate the activity of TRP channels in taste buds and in the oronasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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Deering-Rice CE, Mitchell VK, Romero EG, Abdel Aziz MH, Ryskamp DA, Križaj D, Gopal VR, Reilly CA. Drofenine: A 2-APB Analogue with Greater Selectivity for Human TRPV3. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00062. [PMID: 25089200 PMCID: PMC4115637 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels. The physiological functions of TRPV3 are not fully understood, in part, due to a lack of selective agonists and antagonists that could both facilitate the elucidation of roles for TRPV3 in mammalian physiology as well as potentially serve as therapeutic agents to modulate conditions for which altered TRPV3 function has been implicated. In this study, the Microsource Spectrum Collection was screened for TRPV3 agonists and antagonists using alterations in calcium flux in TRPV3 overexpressing human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells. The antispasmodic agent drofenine was identified as a new TRPV3 agonist. Drofenine exhibited similar potency to the known TRPV3 agonists 2-aminoethoxydiphenylboronate (2-APB) and carvacrol in HEK-293 cells, but greater selectivity for TRPV3 based on a lack of activation of TRPA1, V1, V2, V4, or M8. Multiple inhibitors were also identified, but all of the compounds were either inactive or not specific. Drofenine activated TRPV3 via interactions with the residue, H426, which is required for TRPV3 activation by 2-APB. Drofenine was a more potent agonist of TRPV3 and more cytotoxic than either carvacrol or 2-APB in human keratinocytes and its effect on TRPV3 in HaCaT cells was further demonstrated using the antagonist icilin. Due to the lack of specificity of existing TRPV3 modulators and the expression of multiple TRP channels in cells/tissue, drofenine may be a valuable probe for elucidating TRPV3 functions in complex biological systems. Identification of TRPV3 as a target for drofenine may also suggest a mechanism by which drofenine acts as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E., Room 201 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Virginia K Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E., Room 201 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin G Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E., Room 201 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - May H Abdel Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E., Room 201 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel A Ryskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Room S4140 Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Room S4140 Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - V Raj Gopal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E., Room 201 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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15
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Nilius B, Bíró T, Owsianik G. TRPV3: time to decipher a poorly understood family member! J Physiol 2014; 592:295-304. [PMID: 23836684 PMCID: PMC3922494 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.255968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 differs in several aspects from other members of the TRPV subfamily. This Ca(2+)-, ATP- and calmodulin-regulated channel constitutes a target for many natural compounds and has a unique expression pattern as the most prominent and important TRP channel in keratinocytes of the skin. Although TRPV3 is considered as a thermosensitive channel, its function as a thermosensor in the skin is challenged. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in other skin functions such as cutaneous sensations, hair development and barrier function. More recently, mutations in TRPV3 were linked with a rare genodermatosis known as the Olmsted syndrome. This review gives an overview on properties of TRPV3 and its functions in the skin and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nilius
- Campus Gasthuisberg, Department of Physiology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
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16
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Nilius B, Bíró T. TRPV3: a ‘more than skinny’ channel. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:447-52. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nilius
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Laboratory Ion Channel Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA “Lendület” Cellular Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Debrecen; Medical and Health Science Center; Research Center for Molecular Medicine; Debrecen Hungary
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