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Moyo-Gwete T, Richardson SI, Keeton R, Hermanus T, Spencer H, Manamela NP, Ayres F, Makhado Z, Motlou T, Tincho MB, Benede N, Ngomti A, Baguma R, Chauke MV, Mennen M, Adriaanse M, Skelem S, Goga A, Garrett N, Bekker LG, Gray G, Ntusi NA, Riou C, Burgers WA, Moore PL. Homologous Ad26.COV2.S vaccination results in reduced boosting of humoral responses in hybrid immunity, but elicits antibodies of similar magnitude regardless of prior infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.15.23287288. [PMID: 36993404 PMCID: PMC10055608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.23287288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on the durability of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine-elicited responses, and the effect of homologous boosting has not been well explored. We followed a cohort of healthcare workers for 6 months after receiving the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and a further one month after they received an Ad26.COV2.S booster dose. We assessed longitudinal spike-specific antibody and T cell responses in individuals who had never had SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to those who were infected with either the D614G or Beta variants prior to vaccination. Antibody and T cell responses elicited by the primary dose were durable against several variants of concern over the 6 month follow-up period, regardless of infection history. However, at 6 months after first vaccination, antibody binding, neutralization and ADCC were as much as 33-fold higher in individuals with hybrid immunity compared to those with no prior infection. Antibody cross-reactivity profiles of the previously infected groups were similar at 6 months, unlike at earlier time points suggesting that the effect of immune imprinting diminishes by 6 months. Importantly, an Ad26.COV2.S booster dose increased the magnitude of the antibody response in individuals with no prior infection to similar levels as those with previous infection. The magnitude of spike T cell responses and proportion of T cell responders remained stable after homologous boosting, concomitant with a significant increase in long-lived early differentiated CD4 memory T cells. Thus, these data highlight that multiple antigen exposures, whether through infection and vaccination or vaccination alone, result in similar boosts after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Holly Spencer
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances Ayres
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thopisang Motlou
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marius B. Tincho
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Ntombi Benede
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Richard Baguma
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Masego V. Chauke
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Mennen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital; Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marguerite Adriaanse
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital; Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sango Skelem
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital; Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ameena Goga
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital; Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Wendy A. Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology; University of Cape Town; Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
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Planas D, Bruel T, Staropoli I, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, Maes P, Grzelak L, Prot M, Mougari S, Planchais C, Puech J, Saliba M, Sahraoui R, Fémy F, Morel N, Dufloo J, Sanjuán R, Mouquet H, André E, Hocqueloux L, Simon-Loriere E, Veyer D, Prazuck T, Péré H, Schwartz O. Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6 and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.17.516888. [PMID: 36415455 PMCID: PMC9681044 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.17.516888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. and BQ.1.1. The subvariants BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 are expected to become predominant in many countries in November 2022. They carry an additional and often redundant set of mutations in the spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure to easily isolate Omicron strains. We examined their sensitivity to 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and to 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) lost any antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remained weakly active. BQ.1.1 was also resistant to Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers in triply vaccinated individuals were low to undetectable against BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2, 4 months after boosting. A BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection increased these titers, which remained about 18-fold lower against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, than against BA.1. Reciprocally, a BA.5 breakthrough infection increased more efficiently neutralization against BA.5 and BQ.1.1 than against BA.2.75.2. Thus, the evolution trajectory of novel Omicron subvariants facilitated their spread in immunized populations and raises concerns about the efficacy of most currently available mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Said Mougari
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Madelina Saliba
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Riwan Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Florent Fémy
- Service d’accueil des urgences, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Morel
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d’Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
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