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Vélez-Santamaría R, Fernández-Solana J, Méndez-López F, Domínguez-García M, González-Bernal JJ, Magallón-Botaya R, Oliván-Blázquez B, González-Santos J, Santamaría-Peláez M. Functionality, physical activity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with acute COVID-19 and Long COVID infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19907. [PMID: 37963962 PMCID: PMC10645778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of COVID-19, both in the short and long term, is the reduction in quality of life (QoL) due to low functionality scores and the presence of fatigue, which can hinder daily activities. The main objective of this study is to compare the functional status, level of physical activity, fatigue, and QoL of patients with Long COVID to other COVID-19 patients who did not develop persistent illness, and to determine whether there is a relationship between these variables and QoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 170 participants who had been infected with COVID-19 or had developed Long COVID. The main variables studied were functionality, physical activity, QoL and fatigue, measured using the PostCOVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Short Form 12 (SF-12), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The main findings show a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between reduced functionality, lower physical activity levels, increased fatigue severity, and poorer QoL in Long COVID patients. Furthermore, these variables are also related to worse QoL, but only functional status predicts it. In conclusion, our results have shown highly significant correlations between the group with COVID-19 and Long COVID regarding functional status, level of physical activity, QoL, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fátima Méndez-López
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-García
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Aragonese Healthcare Service (SALUD), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Campos MC, Nery T, Starke AC, de Bem Alves AC, Speck AE, S Aguiar A. Post-viral fatigue in COVID-19: A review of symptom assessment methods, mental, cognitive, and physical impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104902. [PMID: 36202253 PMCID: PMC9528075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2 is responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the main sequela is persistent fatigue. Post-viral fatigue is common and affects patients with mild, asymptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the exact mechanisms involved in developing post-COVID-19 fatigue remain unclear. Furthermore, physical and cognitive impairments in these individuals have been widely described. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and propose tools from a multifaceted perspective to assess COVID-19 infection. Herein, we point out the instruments that can be used to assess fatigue in long-term COVID-19: fatigue in a subjective manner or fatigability in an objective manner. For physical and mental fatigue, structured questionnaires were used to assess perceived symptoms, and physical and cognitive performance assessment tests were used to measure fatigability using reduced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aderbal S Aguiar
- Correspondence to: Labioex, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Pedro João Pereira, nº 150, Mato Alto, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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