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Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Samurkas A, van der Goot FG. S-acylation: an orchestrator of the life cycle and function of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:45-56. [PMID: 37811679 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins with fatty acids, achieved by enzymatic attachment via a labile thioester bond. This modification allows for dynamic control of protein properties and functions in association with cell membranes. This lipid modification regulates a substantial portion of the human proteome and plays an increasingly recognized role throughout the lifespan of affected proteins. Recent technical advancements have propelled the S-acylation field into a 'molecular era', unveiling new insights into its mechanistic intricacies and far-reaching implications. With a striking increase in the number of studies on this modification, new concepts are indeed emerging on the roles of S-acylation in specific cell biology processes and features. After a brief overview of the enzymes involved in S-acylation, this viewpoint focuses on the importance of S-acylation in the homeostasis, function, and coordination of integral membrane proteins. In particular, we put forward the hypotheses that S-acylation is a gatekeeper of membrane protein folding and turnover and a regulator of the formation and dynamics of membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Samurkas
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kucińska MK, Fedry J, Galli C, Morone D, Raimondi A, Soldà T, Förster F, Molinari M. TMX4-driven LINC complex disassembly and asymmetric autophagy of the nuclear envelope upon acute ER stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3497. [PMID: 37311770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle of nucleated cells that produces proteins, lipids and oligosaccharides. ER volume and activity are increased upon induction of unfolded protein responses (UPR) and are reduced upon activation of ER-phagy programs. A specialized domain of the ER, the nuclear envelope (NE), protects the cell genome with two juxtaposed lipid bilayers, the inner and outer nuclear membranes (INM and ONM) separated by the perinuclear space (PNS). Here we report that expansion of the mammalian ER upon homeostatic perturbations results in TMX4 reductase-driven disassembly of the LINC complexes connecting INM and ONM and in ONM swelling. The physiologic distance between ONM and INM is restored, upon resolution of the ER stress, by asymmetric autophagy of the NE, which involves the LC3 lipidation machinery, the autophagy receptor SEC62 and the direct capture of ONM-derived vesicles by degradative LAMP1/RAB7-positive endolysosomes in a catabolic pathway mechanistically defined as micro-ONM-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika K Kucińska
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Fedry
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmela Galli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3000, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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