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Zhang J, Newman J, Wang Z, Qian Y, Feliciano-Ramos P, Guo W, Honda T, Chen ZS, Linghu C, Etienne-Cummings R, Fossum E, Boyden E, Wilson M. Pixel-wise programmability enables dynamic high-SNR cameras for high-speed microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4480. [PMID: 38802338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-speed wide-field fluorescence microscopy has the potential to capture biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. However, conventional cameras suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio at high frame rates, limiting their ability to detect faint fluorescent events. Here, we introduce an image sensor where each pixel has individually programmable sampling speed and phase, so that pixels can be arranged to simultaneously sample at high speed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In high-speed voltage imaging experiments, our image sensor significantly increases the output signal-to-noise ratio compared to a low-noise scientific CMOS camera (~2-3 folds). This signal-to-noise ratio gain enables the detection of weak neuronal action potentials and subthreshold activities missed by the standard scientific CMOS cameras. Our camera with flexible pixel exposure configurations offers versatile sampling strategies to improve signal quality in various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Newman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeguan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Feliciano-Ramos
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takato Honda
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyang Linghu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ralph Etienne-Cummings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Fossum
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward Boyden
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Chen FD, Sharma A, Roszko DA, Xue T, Mu X, Luo X, Chua H, Lo PGQ, Sacher WD, Poon JKS. Development of wafer-scale multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes for brain activity mapping. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2397-2417. [PMID: 38623840 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Optical techniques, such as optogenetic stimulation and functional fluorescence imaging, have been revolutionary for neuroscience by enabling neural circuit analysis with cell-type specificity. To probe deep brain regions, implantable light sources are crucial. Silicon photonics, commonly used for data communications, shows great promise in creating implantable devices with complex optical systems in a compact form factor compatible with high volume manufacturing practices. This article reviews recent developments of wafer-scale multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes. The probes can be realized on 200 or 300 mm wafers in commercial foundries and integrate light emitters for photostimulation, microelectrodes for electrophysiological recording, and microfluidic channels for chemical delivery and sampling. By integrating active optical devices to the probes, denser emitter arrays, enhanced on-chip biosensing, and increased ease of use may be realized. Silicon photonics technology makes possible highly versatile implantable neural probes that can transform neuroscience experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Der Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - David A Roszko
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Tianyuan Xue
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xin Mu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xianshu Luo
- Advanced Micro Foundry Pte Ltd, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, 117685, Singapore
| | - Hongyao Chua
- Advanced Micro Foundry Pte Ltd, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, 117685, Singapore
| | - Patrick Guo-Qiang Lo
- Advanced Micro Foundry Pte Ltd, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, 117685, Singapore
| | - Wesley D Sacher
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Joyce K S Poon
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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van der Goes MSH, Voigts J, Newman JP, Toloza EHS, Brown NJ, Murugan P, Harnett MT. Coordinated head direction representations in mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex. eLife 2024; 13:e82952. [PMID: 38470232 PMCID: PMC10932540 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The sense of direction is critical for survival in changing environments and relies on flexibly integrating self-motion signals with external sensory cues. While the anatomical substrates involved in head direction (HD) coding are well known, the mechanisms by which visual information updates HD representations remain poorly understood. Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a key role in forming coherent representations of space in mammals and it encodes a variety of navigational variables, including HD. Here, we use simultaneous two-area tetrode recording to show that RSC HD representation is nearly synchronous with that of the anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus (ADn), the obligatory thalamic relay of HD to cortex, during rotation of a prominent visual cue. Moreover, coordination of HD representations in the two regions is maintained during darkness. We further show that anatomical and functional connectivity are consistent with a strong feedforward drive of HD information from ADn to RSC, with anatomically restricted corticothalamic feedback. Together, our results indicate a concerted global HD reference update across cortex and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie H van der Goes
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jakob Voigts
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Open-Ephys IncAtlantaUnited States
- HHMI Janelia Research CampusAshburnUnited States
| | - Jonathan P Newman
- Open-Ephys IncAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Enrique HS Toloza
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Norma J Brown
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Pranav Murugan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Mark T Harnett
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Symvoulidis P, Guo W, Zhang L, Wilson MA, Boyden ES. Imaging the voltage of neurons distributed across entire brains of larval zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571964. [PMID: 38168290 PMCID: PMC10760087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurons interact in networks distributed throughout the brain. Although much effort has focused on whole-brain calcium imaging, recent advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) raise the possibility of imaging voltage of neurons distributed across brains. To achieve this, a microscope must image at high volumetric rate and signal-to-noise ratio. We present a remote scanning light-sheet microscope capable of imaging GEVI-expressing neurons distributed throughout entire brains of larval zebrafish at a volumetric rate of 200.8 Hz. We measured voltage of ∼1/3 of the neurons of the brain, distributed throughout. We observed that neurons firing at different times during a sequence were located at different brain locations, for sequences elicited by a visual stimulus, which mapped onto locations throughout the optic tectum, as well as during stimulus-independent bursts, which mapped onto locations in the cerebellum and medulla. Whole-brain voltage imaging may open up frontiers in the fundamental operation of neural systems.
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