Identification and Functional Characterization of lncRNAs involved in Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation

CRISPRi Screen Uncovers lncRNA Regulators of Human Monocyte Growth

Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as critical regulators of biological processes. While there are over 20,000 lncRNAs annotated in the human genome we do not know the function for the majority. Here we performed a high-throughput CRISPRi screen to identify those lncRNAs that are important in viability in human monocytes using the cell line THP1. We identified a total of 38 hits from the screen and validated and characterized two of the top intergenic hits. The first is a lncRNA neighboring the macrophage viability transcription factor IRF8 ( RP11-542M13 . 2 hereafter referred to as long noncoding RNA regulator of monocyte proliferation, LNCRMP ) and the second is a lncRNA called OLMALINC (oligodendrocyte maturation-associated long intervening non-coding RNA) that was previously found to be important in oligodendrocyte maturation. Transcriptional repression of LNCRMP and OLMALINC from monocytes severely limited their proliferation capabilities. RNA-seq analysis of knockdown lines showed that LNCRMP regulated proapoptotic pathways while knockdown of OLMALINC impacted genes associated with the cell cycle. Data supports both LNCRMP and OLMALINC functioning in cis to regulate their neighboring proteins that are also essential for THP1 cell growth. This research highlights the importance of high-throughput screening as a powerful tool for quickly discovering functional long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play a vital role in regulating monocyte viability.