1
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Sou YS, Yamaguchi J, Masuda K, Uchiyama Y, Maeda Y, Koike M. Golgi pH homeostasis stabilizes the lysosomal membrane through N-glycosylation of membrane proteins. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402677. [PMID: 39079741 PMCID: PMC11289521 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in various cellular functions, many of which occur within the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) is essential for the proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus. The lysosomal membrane contains highly glycosylated membrane proteins in abundance. This study investigated the role of the Golgi luminal pH in N-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins and the effect of this protein modification on membrane stability using Gphr-deficient MEFs. We showed that Gphr deficiency causes an imbalance in the Golgi luminal pH, resulting in abnormal protein N-glycosylation, indicated by a reduction in sialylated glycans and markedly reduced molecular weight of glycoproteins. Further experiments using FRAP and PLA revealed that Gphr deficiency prevented the trafficking dynamics and proximity condition of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, incomplete N-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins affected lysosomal membrane stability, as demonstrated by the increased susceptibility to lysosomal damage. Thus, this study highlights the critical role of Golgi pH regulation in controlling protein glycosylation and the impact of Golgi dysfunction on lysosomal membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shin Sou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Masuda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- https://ror.org/035t8zc32 Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
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2
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Geng Z, Zhang M, Huang B, Zhang X, Wang Z. A novel nanoparticle fluorescent probe based on a water-soluble conjugated polymer for real-time monitoring of ATP fluctuation and configuration of the Golgi apparatus during the inhibition of glycolysis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342572. [PMID: 38637042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in cell metabolism and has been regarded as an indicator of cell survival and damage. Golgi apparatus participates in the signal transduction processes of substance transport, ion homeostasis and stress when extracellular substances enter cells. Till now, there is no fluorescent probe for monitoring Golgi ATP level fluctuation and visualizing the configuration change of the Golgi apparatus during the inhibition of glycolysis. RESULTS Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel water-soluble cationic polythiophene derivative (PEMTEA) that can be employed as a fluorescent sensor for measuring ATP in the Golgi apparatus. PEMTEA self-assembles into PT-NP nanoparticles in aqueous solution with a diameter of approximately 2 nm. PT-NP displays high sensitivity and superb selectivity towards ATP with a detection limit of 90 nM and a linear detection range from 0 to 3.0 μM. The nanoparticles show low toxicity to HepG2 cells and good photostability in the Golgi apparatus. With the stimulation of Ca2+, PT-NP was practically applied to real-time monitor of endogenous ATP levels in the Golgi apparatus through fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we studied the relationship between the concentration of ATP and configuration of the Golgi apparatus during the inhibition of glycolysis using PT-NP. SIGNIFICANCE We have demonstrated that PT-NP can not only indicate the fluctuation and distribution of ATP in the Golgi apparatus, but also give the information of the configuration change of the Golgi apparatus at the single-cell level during the inhibition of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Joint International Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Binghuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Joint International Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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3
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Denecke J. Making progress. eLife 2024; 13:e97430. [PMID: 38629949 PMCID: PMC11023695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping proteins in and associated with the Golgi apparatus reveals how this cellular compartment emerges in budding yeast and progresses over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
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4
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Schueder F, Rivera-Molina F, Su M, Marin Z, Kidd P, Rothman JE, Toomre D, Bewersdorf J. Unraveling cellular complexity with transient adapters in highly multiplexed super-resolution imaging. Cell 2024; 187:1769-1784.e18. [PMID: 38552613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mapping the intricate spatial relationships between the many different molecules inside a cell is essential to understanding cellular functions in all their complexity. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy offers the required spatial resolution but struggles to reveal more than four different targets simultaneously. Exchanging labels in subsequent imaging rounds for multiplexed imaging extends this number but is limited by its low throughput. Here, we present a method for rapid multiplexed super-resolution microscopy that can, in principle, be applied to a nearly unlimited number of molecular targets by leveraging fluorogenic labeling in conjunction with transient adapter-mediated switching for high-throughput DNA-PAINT (FLASH-PAINT). We demonstrate the versatility of FLASH-PAINT with four applications: mapping nine proteins in a single mammalian cell, elucidating the functional organization of primary cilia by nine-target imaging, revealing the changes in proximity of thirteen different targets in unperturbed and dissociated Golgi stacks, and investigating and quantifying inter-organelle contacts at 3D super-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zach Marin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phylicia Kidd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Wijaya CS, Xu S. Reevaluating Golgi fragmentation and its implications in wound repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38349608 PMCID: PMC10864233 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi Apparatus (GA) is pivotal in vesicle sorting and protein modifications within cells. Traditionally, the GA has been described as a perinuclear organelle consisting of stacked cisternae forming a ribbon-like structure. Changes in the stacked structure or the canonical perinuclear localization of the GA have been referred to as "GA fragmentation", a term widely employed in the literature to describe changes in GA morphology and distribution. However, the precise meaning and function of GA fragmentation remain intricate. This review aims to demystify this enigmatic phenomenon, dissecting the diverse morphological changes observed and their potential contributions to cellular wound repair and regeneration. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research, we hope to pave the way for future advancements in GA research and their important role in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, China.
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6
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Stalder D, Yakunin I, Pereira C, Eden J, Gershlick DC. Recruitment of PI4KIIIβ to the Golgi by ACBD3 is dependent on an upstream pathway of a SNARE complex and golgins. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar20. [PMID: 38134218 PMCID: PMC7615549 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ACBD3 is a protein localised to the Golgi apparatus and recruits other proteins, such as PI4KIIIβ, to the Golgi. However, the mechanism through which ACBD3 itself is recruited to the Golgi is poorly understood. This study demonstrates there are two mechanisms for ACBD3 recruitment to the Golgi. First, we identified that an MWT374-376 motif in the unique region upstream of the GOLD domain in ACBD3 is essential for Golgi localization. Second, we use unbiased proteomics to demonstrate that ACBD3 interacts with SCFD1, a Sec1/Munc-18 (SM) protein, and a SNARE protein, SEC22B. CRISPR-KO of SCFD1 causes ACBD3 to become cytosolic. We also found that ACBD3 is redundantly recruited to the Golgi apparatus by two golgins: golgin-45 and giantin, which bind to ACBD3 through interaction with the MWT374-376 motif. Taken together, our results suggest that ACBD3 is recruited to the Golgi in a two-step sequential process, with the SCFD1-mediated interaction occurring upstream of the interaction with the golgins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Yakunin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Conceição Pereira
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Eden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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7
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Deng L, Solichin MR, Adyaksa DNM, Septianastiti MA, Fitri RA, Suwardan GNR, Matsui C, Abe T, Shoji I. Cellular Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles via Endosomal Pathways. Viruses 2023; 15:2430. [PMID: 38140670 PMCID: PMC10747773 DOI: 10.3390/v15122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The release of infectious HCV particles from infected hepatocytes is a crucial step in viral dissemination and disease progression. While the exact mechanisms of HCV particle release remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that HCV utilizes intracellular membrane trafficking and secretory pathways. These pathways include the Golgi secretory pathway and the endosomal trafficking pathways, such as the recycling endosome pathway and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway. This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the release of infectious HCV particles, with a particular focus on the involvement of the host cell factors that participate in HCV particle release. By summarizing the current knowledge in this area, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of endosomal pathways involved in the extracellular release of HCV particles and the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Muchamad Ridotu Solichin
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Nyoman Murti Adyaksa
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Alethea Septianastiti
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rhamadianti Aulia Fitri
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardan
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
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8
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Berning L, Lenz T, Bergmann AK, Poschmann G, Brass HUC, Schlütermann D, Friedrich A, Mendiburo MJ, David C, Akgün S, Pietruszka J, Stühler K, Stork B. The Golgi stacking protein GRASP55 is targeted by the natural compound prodigiosin. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:275. [PMID: 37798768 PMCID: PMC10552397 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial secondary metabolite prodigiosin has been shown to exert anticancer, antimalarial, antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. With regard to cancer, it has been reported to affect cancer cells but not non-malignant cells, rendering prodigiosin a promising lead compound for anticancer drug discovery. However, a direct protein target has not yet been experimentally identified. METHODS We used mass spectrometry-based thermal proteome profiling in order to identify target proteins of prodigiosin. For target validation, we employed a genetic knockout approach and electron microscopy. RESULTS We identified the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55 as target protein of prodigiosin. We show that prodigiosin treatment severely affects Golgi morphology and functionality, and that prodigiosin-dependent cytotoxicity is partially reduced in GRASP55 knockout cells. We also found that prodigiosin treatment results in decreased cathepsin activity and overall blocks autophagic flux, whereas co-localization of the autophagosomal marker LC3 and the lysosomal marker LAMP1 is clearly promoted. Finally, we observed that autophagosomes accumulate at GRASP55-positive structures, pointing towards an involvement of an altered Golgi function in the autophagy-inhibitory effect of this natural compound. CONCLUSION Taken together, we propose that prodigiosin affects autophagy and Golgi apparatus integrity in an interlinked mode of action involving the regulation of organelle alkalization and the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenz
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann Kathrin Bergmann
- Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Hannah U C Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Schlütermann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - María José Mendiburo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Céline David
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Seda Akgün
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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Chiu SC, Yang XT, Wei TYW, Liao YTA, Chen JMM, Kuo YC, Liu CCJ, Cheng CY, Huang YTJ, Huang YRJ, Wu HLJ, Wan CX, Tsai JR, Yu CTR. The crescent-like Golgi ribbon is shaped by the Ajuba/PRMT5/Aurora-A complex-modified HURP. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37370099 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi apparatus (GA) is assembled as a crescent-like ribbon in mammalian cells under immunofluorescence microscope without knowing the shaping mechanisms. It is estimated that roughly 1/5 of the genes encoding kinases or phosphatases in human genome participate in the assembly of Golgi ribbon, reflecting protein modifications play major roles in building Golgi ribbon. METHODS To explore how Golgi ribbon is shaped as a crescent-like structure under the guidance of protein modifications, we identified a protein complex containing the scaffold proteins Ajuba, two known GA regulators including the protein kinase Aurora-A and the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, and the common substrate of Aurora-A and PRMT5, HURP. Mutual modifications and activation of PRMT5 and Aurora-A in the complex leads to methylation and in turn phosphorylation of HURP, thereby producing HURP p725. The HURP p725 localizes to GA vicinity and its distribution pattern looks like GA morphology. Correlation study of the HURP p725 statuses and GA structure, site-directed mutagenesis and knockdown-rescue experiments were employed to identify the modified HURP as a key regulator assembling GA as a crescent ribbon. RESULTS The cells containing no or extended distribution of HURP p725 have dispersed GA membranes or longer GA. Knockdown of HURP fragmentized GA and HURP wild type could, while its phosphorylation deficiency mutant 725A could not, restore crescent Golgi ribbon in HURP depleted cells, collectively indicating a crescent GA-constructing activity of HURP p725. HURP p725 is transported, by GA membrane-associated ARF1, Dynein and its cargo adaptor Golgin-160, to cell center where HURP p725 forms crescent fibers, binds and stabilizes Golgi assembly factors (GAFs) including TRIP11, GRASP65 and GM130, thereby dictating the formation of crescent Golgi ribbon at nuclear periphery. CONCLUSIONS The Ajuba/PRMT5/Aurora-A complex integrates the signals of protein methylation and phosphorylation to HURP, and the HURP p725 organizes GA by stabilizing and recruiting GAFs to its crescent-like structure, therefore shaping GA as a crescent ribbon. Therefore, the HURP p725 fiber serves a template to construct GA according to its shape. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Ting Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Amber Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Jared Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Jenny Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | | | - He-Lian Joe Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Xin Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rung Tsai
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.
- Present Address: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1, University Rd. Puli, Nantou, 545, Taiwan.
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10
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Andres-Alonso M, Borgmeyer M, Mirzapourdelavar H, Lormann J, Klein K, Schweizer M, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Oelschlegel AM, Dityatev A, Kreutz MR. Golgi satellites are essential for polysialylation of NCAM and expression of LTP at distal synapses. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112692. [PMID: 37355986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex cytoarchitecture of neurons poses significant challenges for the maturation of synaptic membrane proteins. It is currently unclear whether locally secreted synaptic proteins bypass the Golgi or whether they traffic through Golgi satellites (GSs). Here, we create a transgenic GS reporter mouse line and show that GSs are widely distributed along dendrites and are capable of mature glycosylation, in particular sialylation. We find that polysialylation of locally secreted NCAM takes place at GSs. Accordingly, in mice lacking a component of trans-Golgi network-to-plasma membrane trafficking, we find fewer GSs and significantly reduced PSA-NCAM levels in distal dendrites of CA1 neurons that receive input from the temporoammonic pathway. Induction of long-term potentiation at those, but not more proximal, synapses is severely impaired. We conclude that GSs serve the need for local mature glycosylation of synaptic membrane proteins in distal dendrites and thereby contribute to rapid changes in synaptic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andres-Alonso
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Borgmeyer
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Lormann
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kim Klein
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology und Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Core Facility Bioanalytik, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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11
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Cheng G, Chang J, Gong H, Zhou W. A distinct Golgi-targeting mechanism of dGM130 in Drosophila neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1206219. [PMID: 37333614 PMCID: PMC10272413 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1206219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GM130 is a matrix protein that is conserved in metazoans and involved in the architecture of the Golgi apparatus. In neurons, Golgi apparatus and dendritic Golgi outposts (GOs) have different compartmental organizations, and GM130 localization is present in both, indicating that GM130 has a unique Golgi-targeting mechanism. Here, we investigated the Golgi-targeting mechanism of the GM130 homologue, dGM130, using in vivo imaging of Drosophila dendritic arborization (da) neurons. The results showed that two independent Golgi-targeting domains (GTDs) with different Golgi localization characteristics in dGM130, together determined the precise localization of dGM130 in both the soma and dendrites. GTD1, covering the first coiled-coil region, preferentially targeted to somal Golgi rather than GOs; whereas GTD2, containing the second coiled-coil region and C-terminus, dynamically targeted to Golgi in both soma and dendrites. These findings suggest that there are two distinct mechanisms by which dGM130 targets to the Golgi apparatus and GOs, underlying the structural differences between them, and further provides new insights into the formation of neuronal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
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12
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Du S, Zhu C, Ren X, Chen X, Cui X, Guan S. Regulation of secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins in human cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:942849. [PMID: 36825005 PMCID: PMC9941534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.942849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins (SPKKPs) are effective in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (GA), and extracellular space. These proteins are involved in secretory signaling pathways and are distinctive from typical protein kinases. Various reports have shown that SPKKPs regulate the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancer via the phosphorylation of various substrates, which is essential in physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence has revealed that the expression of SPKKPs in human cancers is regulated by multiple factors. This review summarizes the current understanding of the contribution of SPKKPs in tumorigenesis and the progression of immunity. With the epidemic trend of immunotherapy, targeting SPKKPs may be a novel approach to anticancer therapy. This study briefly discusses the recent advances regarding SPKKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Mejia I, Chen YC, Díaz B. Analysis of Golgi Morphology Using Immunofluorescence and CellProfiler Software. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:765-784. [PMID: 36512250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells changes dynamically in response to internal and external cues and may be permanently altered in disease states. Here, we present a method to quantify changes in Golgi morphology using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy followed by CellProfiler software analysis. This method will assist researchers in evaluating alterations in the Golgi complex morphology of cultured cells under a variety of different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mejia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Modeling N-Glycosylation: A Systems Biology Approach for Evaluating Changes in the Steady-State Organization of Golgi-Resident Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:663-690. [PMID: 36512244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organization of Golgi-resident proteins is crucial for sorting molecules within the secretory pathway and regulating posttranslational modifications. However, evaluating changes to Golgi organization can be challenging, often requiring extensive experimental investigations. Here, we propose a systems biology approach in which changes to Golgi-resident protein sorting and localization can be deduced using cellular N-glycan profiles as the only experimental input.The approach detailed here utilizes the influence of Golgi organization on N-glycan biosynthesis to investigate the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining Golgi organization. While N-glycosylation is carried out in a non-template-driven manner, the distribution of N-glycan biosynthetic enzymes within the Golgi ensures this process is not completely random. Therefore, changes to N-glycan profiles provide clues into how altered cell phenotypes affect the sorting and localization of Golgi-resident proteins. Here, we generate a stochastic simulation of N-glycan biosynthesis to produce a simulated glycan profile similar to that obtained experimentally and then combine this with Bayesian fitting to enable inference of changes in enzyme amounts and localizations. Alterations to Golgi organization are evaluated by calculating how the fitted enzyme parameters shift when moving from simulating the glycan profile of one cellular state (e.g., a wild type) to an altered cellular state (e.g., a mutant). Our approach illustrates how an iterative combination of mathematical systems biology and minimal experimental cell biology can be utilized to maximally integrate biological knowledge to gain insightful knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in a manner inaccessible to either alone.
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15
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Leisico F, Omeiri J, Le Narvor C, Beaudouin J, Hons M, Fenel D, Schoehn G, Couté Y, Bonnaffé D, Sadir R, Lortat-Jacob H, Wild R. Structure of the human heparan sulfate polymerase complex EXT1-EXT2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7110. [PMID: 36402845 PMCID: PMC9675754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides that mediate the interaction with a broad range of protein ligands at the cell surface. A key step in heparan sulfate biosynthesis is catalyzed by the bi-functional glycosyltransferases EXT1 and EXT2, which generate the glycan backbone consisting of repeating N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid units. The molecular mechanism of heparan sulfate chain polymerization remains, however, unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human EXT1-EXT2, which reveals the formation of a tightly packed hetero-dimeric complex harboring four glycosyltransferase domains. A combination of in vitro and in cellulo mutational studies is used to dissect the functional role of the four catalytic sites. While EXT1 can catalyze both glycosyltransferase reactions, our results indicate that EXT2 might only have N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into heparan sulfate chain elongation as a nonprocessive process and lay the foundation for future studies on EXT1-EXT2 function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leisico
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juneina Omeiri
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Le Narvor
- grid.462047.30000 0004 0382 4005Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joël Beaudouin
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Hons
- grid.418923.50000 0004 0638 528XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Daphna Fenel
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Bonnaffé
- grid.462047.30000 0004 0382 4005Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Rabia Sadir
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rebekka Wild
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Zhou L, Xue X, Yang K, Feng Z, Liu M, Pastor-Pareja JC. Convergence of secretory, endosomal, and autophagic routes in trans-Golgi-associated lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213547. [PMID: 36239631 PMCID: PMC9577102 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At the trans-Golgi, complex traffic connections exist to the endolysosomal system additional to the main Golgi-to-plasma membrane secretory route. Here, we investigated three hits in a Drosophila screen displaying secretory cargo accumulation in autophagic vesicles: ESCRT-III component Vps20, SNARE-binding Rop, and lysosomal pump subunit VhaPPA1-1. We found that Vps20, Rop, and lysosomal markers localize near the trans-Golgi. Furthermore, we document that the vicinity of the trans-Golgi is the main cellular location for lysosomes and that early, late, and recycling endosomes associate as well with a trans-Golgi-associated degradative compartment where basal microautophagy of secretory cargo and other materials occurs. Disruption of this compartment causes cargo accumulation in our hits, including Munc18 homolog Rop, required with Syx1 and Syx4 for Rab11-mediated endosomal recycling. Finally, besides basal microautophagy, we show that the trans-Golgi-associated degradative compartment contributes to the growth of autophagic vesicles in developmental and starvation-induced macroautophagy. Our results argue that the fly trans-Golgi is the gravitational center of the whole endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xutong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - José C. Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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17
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Sengupta R, Mihelc EM, Angel S, Lanman JK, Kuhn RJ, Stahelin RV. Contribution of the Golgi apparatus in morphogenesis of a virus-induced cytopathic vacuolar system. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202000887. [PMID: 36137747 PMCID: PMC9500387 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron tomography reveals four classes of cytopathic vesicles-II (CPV-II) stemming from the host Golgi apparatus after Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection. The Golgi apparatus (GA) in mammalian cells is pericentrosomally anchored and exhibits a stacked architecture. During infections by members of the alphavirus genus, the host cell GA is thought to give rise to distinct mobile pleomorphic vacuoles known as CPV-II (cytopathic vesicle-II) via unknown morphological steps. To dissect this, we adopted a phased electron tomography approach to image multiple overlapping volumes of a cell infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and complemented it with localization of a peroxidase-tagged Golgi marker. Analysis of the tomograms revealed a pattern of progressive cisternal bending into double-lamellar vesicles as a central process underpinning the biogenesis and the morphological complexity of this vacuolar system. Here, we propose a model for the conversion of the GA to CPV-II that reveals a unique pathway of intracellular virus envelopment. Our results have implications for alphavirus-induced displacement of Golgi cisternae to the plasma membrane to aid viral egress operating late in the infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Sengupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA .,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,The Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elaine M Mihelc
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie Angel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,The Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason K Lanman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,The Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA .,The Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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18
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Sou YS, Yamaguchi J, Kameda H, Masuda K, Maeda Y, Uchiyama Y, Koike M. GPHR-mediated acidification of the Golgi lumen is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2873-2888. [PMID: 36056653 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) is essential for maintaining the function and morphology of the Golgi apparatus through the regulation of luminal acidic pH. Abnormal morphology of the Golgi apparatus is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we found that knockout of GPHR in the mouse brain led to morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus and neurodegeneration, which included brain atrophy, neuronal cell death, and gliosis. Furthermore, in the GPHR knockout mouse brain, transcriptional activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) decreased, resulting in a reduction in cholesterol levels. GPHR-deficient cells exhibited suppressed neurite outgrowth, which was recovered by exogenous expression of the active form of SREBP2. Our results show that GPHR-mediated luminal acidification of the Golgi apparatus maintains proper cholesterol levels and, thereby, neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shin Sou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keisuke Masuda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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19
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Nondegradable ubiquitinated ATG9A organizes Golgi integrity and dynamics upon stresses. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111195. [PMID: 35977480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG9A is a highly conserved membrane protein required for autophagy initiation. It is trafficked from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the phagophore to act as a membrane source for autophagosome expansion. Here, we show that ATG9A is not just a passenger protein in the TGN but rather works in concert with GRASP55, a stacking factor for Golgi structure, to organize Golgi dynamics and integrity. Upon heat stress, the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH9 is promoted to ubiquitinate ATG9A in the form of K63 conjugation, and the nondegradable ubiquitinated ATG9A disperses from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm more intensely, accompanied by inhibiting GRASP55 oligomerization, further resulting in Golgi fragmentation. Knockout of ATG9A or MARCH9 largely prevents Golgi fragmentation and protects Golgi functions under heat and other Golgi stresses. Our results reveal a noncanonical function of ATG9A for Golgi dynamics and suggest the pathway for sensing Golgi stress via the MARCH9/ATG9A axis.
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20
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Komaniecki GP, Lu X, Cao J, Zhang M, Yu T, Hou D, Spiegelman NA, Yang M, Price IR, Lin H. Golgi stress induces SIRT2 to counteract Shigella infection via defatty-acylation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4494. [PMID: 35918380 PMCID: PMC9345896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes from pathogens often modulate host protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), facilitating survival and proliferation of pathogens. Shigella virulence factors IpaJ and IcsB induce proteolytic cleavage and lysine fatty acylation on host proteins, which cause Golgi stress and suppress innate immunity, respectively. However, it is unknown whether host enzymes could reverse such modifications introduced by pathogens' virulence factors to suppress pathogenesis. Herein, we report that SIRT2, a potent lysine defatty-acylase, is upregulated by the transcription factor CREB3 under Golgi stress induced by Shigella infection. SIRT2 in turn removes the lysine fatty acylation introduced by Shigella virulence factor IcsB to enhance host innate immunity. SIRT2 knockout mice are more susceptible to Shigella infection than wildtype mice, demonstrating the importance of SIRT2 to counteract Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Garrison P Komaniecki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nicole A Spiegelman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ian R Price
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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21
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Fine-tuning cell organelle dynamics during mitosis by small GTPases. Front Med 2022; 16:339-357. [PMID: 35759087 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, the allocation of genetic material concurs with organelle transformation and distribution. The coordination of genetic material inheritance with organelle dynamics directs accurate mitotic progression, cell fate determination, and organismal homeostasis. Small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily regulate various cell organelles during division. Being the key regulators of membrane dynamics, the dysregulation of small GTPases is widely associated with cell organelle disruption in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Recent discoveries shed light on the molecular properties of small GTPases as sophisticated modulators of a remarkably complex and perfect adaptors for rapid structure reformation. This review collects current knowledge on small GTPases in the regulation of cell organelles during mitosis and highlights the mediator role of small GTPase in transducing cell cycle signaling to organelle dynamics during mitosis.
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22
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Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231123. [PMID: 35394021 PMCID: PMC9109462 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
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23
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Golgi Apparatus Regulates Plasma Membrane Composition and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030368. [PMID: 35159178 PMCID: PMC8834378 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi apparatus is the central component of the mammalian secretory pathway and it regulates the biosynthesis of the plasma membrane through three distinct but interacting processes: (a) processing of protein and lipid cargoes; (b) creation of a sharp transition in membrane lipid composition by non-vesicular transport of lipids; and (c) vesicular sorting of proteins and lipids at the trans-Golgi network to target them to appropriate compartments. We discuss the molecules involved in these processes and their importance in physiology and development. We also discuss how mutations in these molecules affect plasma membrane composition and signaling leading to genetic diseases and cancer.
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24
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Yamazaki Y, Eura Y, Kokame K. V-ATPase V0a1 promotes Weibel-Palade body biogenesis through the regulation of membrane fission. eLife 2021; 10:71526. [PMID: 34904569 PMCID: PMC8718113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fission, the division of a membrane-bound structure into two discrete compartments, is essential for diverse cellular events, such as endocytosis and vesicle/granule biogenesis; however, the process remains unclear. The hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor is produced in vascular endothelial cells and packaged into specialized secretory granules, Weibel–Palade bodies (WPBs) at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we reported that V0a1, a V-ATPase component, is required for the membrane fission of WPBs. We identified two V0a isoforms in distinct populations of WPBs in cultured endothelial cells, V0a1 and V0a2, on mature and nascent WPBs, respectively. Although WPB buds were formed, WPBs could not separate from the TGN in the absence of V0a1. Screening using dominant–negative forms of known membrane fission regulators revealed protein kinase D (PKD) as an essential factor in biogenesis of WPBs. Further, we showed that the induction of wild-type PKDs in V0a1-depleted cells does not support the segregation of WPBs from the TGN; suggesting a primary role of V0a1 in the membrane fission of WPBs. The identification of V0a1 as a new membrane fission regulator should facilitate the understanding of molecular events that enable membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Eura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Dhandapani L, Salzer MC, Duran JM, Zaffagnini G, De Guirior C, Martínez-Zamora MA, Böke E. Comparative analysis of vertebrates reveals that mouse primordial oocytes do not contain a Balbiani body. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273712. [PMID: 34897463 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes spend the majority of their lifetime in a primordial state. The cellular and molecular biology of primordial oocytes is largely unexplored; yet, studying these is necessary to understand the mechanisms through which oocytes maintain cellular fitness for decades, and why they eventually fail with age. Here, we develop enabling methods for live-imaging based comparative characterization of Xenopus, mouse and human primordial oocytes. We show that primordial oocytes in all three vertebrate species contain active mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. We further demonstrate that human and Xenopus oocytes have a Balbiani body characterized by a dense accumulation of mitochondria in their cytoplasm. However, despite previous reports, we did not find a Balbiani body in mouse oocytes. Instead, we demonstrate what was previously used as a marker for the Balbiani body in mouse primordial oocytes is in fact a ring-shaped Golgi apparatus that is not functionally associated with oocyte dormancy. Our work provides the first insights into the organisation of the cytoplasm in mammalian primordial oocytes, and clarifies relative advantages and limitations of choosing different model organisms for studying oocyte dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laasya Dhandapani
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marion C Salzer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Juan M Duran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Gabriele Zaffagnini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cristian De Guirior
- Gynaecology Department, Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Martínez-Zamora
- Gynaecology Department, Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvan Böke
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Ford C, Parchure A, von Blume J, Burd CG. Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259110. [PMID: 34870705 PMCID: PMC8714066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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27
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Huang B, Li X, Zhu X. The Role of GM130 in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:743787. [PMID: 34777211 PMCID: PMC8581157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.743787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) is a Golgi-shaping protein located on the cis surface of the Golgi apparatus (GA). It is one of the most studied Golgin proteins so far. Its biological functions are involved in many aspects of life processes, including mitosis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell polarity, and directed migration at the cellular level, as well as intracellular lipid and protein transport, microtubule formation and assembly, lysosome function maintenance, and glycosylation modification. Mutation inactivation or loss of expression of GM130 has been detected in patients with different diseases. GM130 plays an important role in the development of the nervous system, but the studies on it are limited. This article reviewed the current research progress of GM130 in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of GM130 in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), microcephaly (MCPH), sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and Ataxia, aiming to provide ideas for the further study of GM130 in nervous system disease detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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28
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Tang S, Davoudi Z, Wang G, Xu Z, Rehman T, Prominski A, Tian B, Bratlie KM, Peng H, Wang Q. Soft materials as biological and artificial membranes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12679-12701. [PMID: 34636824 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen emerging growth in the field of soft materials for synthetic biology. This review focuses on soft materials involved in biological and artificial membranes. The biological membranes discussed here are mainly those involved in the structure and function of cells and organelles. As building blocks in medicine, non-native membranes including nanocarriers (NCs), especially liposomes and DQAsomes, and polymeric membranes for scaffolds are constructed from amphiphilic combinations of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Artificial membranes can be prepared using synthetic, soft materials and molecules and then incorporated into structures through self-organization to form micelles or niosomes. The modification of artificial membranes can be realized using traditional chemical methods such as click reactions to target the delivery of NCs and control the release of therapeutics. The biomembrane, a lamellar structure inlaid with ion channels, receptors, lipid rafts, enzymes, and other functional units, separates cells and organelles from the environment. An active domain inserted into the membrane and organelles for energy conversion and cellular communication can target disease by changing the membrane's composition, structure, and fluidity and affecting the on/off status of the membrane gates. The biological membrane targets analyzing pathological mechanisms and curing complex diseases, which inspires us to create NCs with artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Zahra Davoudi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tanzeel Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- The James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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29
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Focus on the Small GTPase Rab1: A Key Player in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112087. [PMID: 34769517 PMCID: PMC8584362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of large aggregates in the survival neurons called Lewy bodies, which mainly contain α-synuclein (α-syn). The cause of cell death is not known but could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction, protein homeostasis failure, and alterations in the secretory/endolysosomal/autophagic pathways. Survival nigral neurons overexpress the small GTPase Rab1. This protein is considered a housekeeping Rab that is necessary to support the secretory pathway, the maintenance of the Golgi complex structure, and the regulation of macroautophagy from yeast to humans. It is also involved in signaling, carcinogenesis, and infection for some pathogens. It has been shown that it is directly linked to the pathogenesis of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. It has a protective effect against α–σψν toxicity and has recently been shown to be a substrate of LRRK2, which is the most common cause of familial PD and the risk of sporadic disease. In this review, we analyze the key aspects of Rab1 function in dopamine neurons and its implications in PD neurodegeneration/restauration. The results of the current and former research support the notion that this GTPase is a good candidate for therapeutic strategies.
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30
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Pothukuchi P, Agliarulo I, Pirozzi M, Rizzo R, Russo D, Turacchio G, Nüchel J, Yang JS, Gehin C, Capolupo L, Hernandez-Corbacho MJ, Biswas A, Vanacore G, Dathan N, Nitta T, Henklein P, Thattai M, Inokuchi JI, Hsu VW, Plomann M, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Luini A, D'Angelo G, Parashuraman S. GRASP55 regulates intra-Golgi localization of glycosylation enzymes to control glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107766. [PMID: 34516001 PMCID: PMC8521277 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, the main glycosylation station of the cell, consists of a stack of discontinuous cisternae. Glycosylation enzymes are usually concentrated in one or two specific cisternae along the cis‐trans axis of the organelle. How such compartmentalized localization of enzymes is achieved and how it contributes to glycosylation are not clear. Here, we show that the Golgi matrix protein GRASP55 directs the compartmentalized localization of key enzymes involved in glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. GRASP55 binds to these enzymes and prevents their entry into COPI‐based retrograde transport vesicles, thus concentrating them in the trans‐Golgi. In genome‐edited cells lacking GRASP55, or in cells expressing mutant enzymes without GRASP55 binding sites, these enzymes relocate to the cis‐Golgi, which affects glycosphingolipid biosynthesis by changing flux across metabolic branch points. These findings reveal a mechanism by which a matrix protein regulates polarized localization of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi and controls competition in glycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyush Pothukuchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Agliarulo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Shu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Gehin
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Capolupo
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ansuman Biswas
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giovanna Vanacore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Petra Henklein
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Biochemie Charité CrossOver Charitéplatz 1 / Sitz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mukund Thattai
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor W Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Plomann
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Zhang M, Xu N, Xu W, Ling G, Zhang P. Potential therapies and diagnosis based on Golgi-targeted nano drug delivery systems. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105861. [PMID: 34464677 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, organelle-targeted nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have emerged as a potential method which can transport drugs specifically to the subcellular compartments like nucleus, mitochondrion, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA). GA not only plays a key role in receiving, modifying, packaging and transporting proteins and lipids, but also contributes to a set of cellular processes. Golgi-targeted NDDSs can alter the morphology of GA and will become a promising strategy with high specificity, low-dose administration and decreased occurrence of side effects. In this review, Golgi-targeted NDDSs and their applications in disease therapies and diagnosis such as cancer, metastasis, fibrosis and neurological diseases are introduced. Meanwhile, modifications of NDDSs to achieve targeting strategies, Golgi-disturbing agents to change the morphology of GA, special endocytosis to achieve endosomal/lysosomal escape strategies are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyue Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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32
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Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Ramazanov BR, Tran ML, von Blume J. Sending out molecules from the TGN. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:55-62. [PMID: 33706234 PMCID: PMC8328904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The sorting of secreted cargo proteins and their export from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remains an enigma in the field of membrane trafficking; although the sorting mechanisms of many transmembrane proteins have been well described. The sorting of secreted proteins at the TGN is crucial for the release of signaling factors, as well as extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins are required for cell-cell communication and integrity of an organism. Missecretion of these factors can cause diseases such as neurological disorders, autoimmune disease, or cancer. The major open question is how soluble proteins that are not associated with the membrane are packed into TGN derived transport carriers to facilitate their transport to the plasma membrane. Recent investigations have identified novel types of protein and lipid machinery that facilitate the packing of these molecules into a TGN derived vesicle. In addition, novel research has uncovered an exciting link between cargo sorting and export in which TGN structure and dynamics, as well as TGN/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, play a significant role. Here, we have reviewed the progress made in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat R Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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34
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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35
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Zhang X. Alterations of Golgi Structural Proteins and Glycosylation Defects in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665289. [PMID: 34055798 PMCID: PMC8149618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the central hub in the secretory and endocytic pathways, the Golgi apparatus continually receives the flow of cargos and serves as a major processing station in the cell. Due to its dynamic nature, a sophisticated and constantly remodeling mechanism needs to be set up to maintain the Golgi architecture and function in the non-stop trafficking of proteins and lipids. Abundant evidence has been accumulated that a well-organized Golgi structure is required for its proper functions, especially protein glycosylation. Remarkably, altered glycosylation has been a hallmark of most cancer cells. To understand the causes of Golgi defects in cancer, efforts have been made to characterize Golgi structural proteins under physiological and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of crucial Golgi structural proteins and their connections with tumor progression. We foresee that understanding the Golgi structural and functional defects may help solve the puzzle of whether glycosylation defect is a cause or effect of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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36
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Götz TWB, Puchkov D, Lysiuk V, Lützkendorf J, Nikonenko AG, Quentin C, Lehmann M, Sigrist SJ, Petzoldt AG. Rab2 regulates presynaptic precursor vesicle biogenesis at the trans-Golgi. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211946. [PMID: 33822845 PMCID: PMC8025234 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable delivery of presynaptic material, including active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins from neuronal somata to synaptic terminals, is prerequisite for successful synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. However, molecular mechanisms controlling the somatic assembly of presynaptic precursors remain insufficiently understood. We show here that in mutants of the small GTPase Rab2, both active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins accumulated in the neuronal cell body at the trans-Golgi and were, consequently, depleted at synaptic terminals, provoking neurotransmission deficits. Ectopic presynaptic material accumulations consisted of heterogeneous vesicles and short tubules of 40 × 60 nm, segregating in subfractions either positive for active zone or synaptic vesicle proteins and LAMP1, a lysosomal membrane protein. Genetically, Rab2 acts upstream of Arl8, a lysosomal adaptor controlling axonal export of precursors. Collectively, we identified a Golgi-associated assembly sequence of presynaptic precursor biogenesis dependent on a Rab2-regulated protein export and sorting step at the trans-Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten W B Götz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Lysiuk
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christine Quentin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid G Petzoldt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Shimizu Y, Takagi J, Ito E, Ito Y, Ebine K, Komatsu Y, Goto Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Ueda T, Kurokawa K, Uemura T, Nakano A. Cargo sorting zones in the trans-Golgi network visualized by super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy in plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1901. [PMID: 33772008 PMCID: PMC7997971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) has been known as a key platform to sort and transport proteins to their final destinations in post-Golgi membrane trafficking. However, how the TGN sorts proteins with different destinies still remains elusive. Here, we examined 3D localization and 4D dynamics of TGN-localized proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana that are involved in either secretory or vacuolar trafficking from the TGN, by a multicolor high-speed and high-resolution spinning-disk confocal microscopy approach that we developed. We demonstrate that TGN-localized proteins exhibit spatially and temporally distinct distribution. VAMP721 (R-SNARE), AP (adaptor protein complex)-1, and clathrin which are involved in secretory trafficking compose an exclusive subregion, whereas VAMP727 (R-SNARE) and AP-4 involved in vacuolar trafficking compose another subregion on the same TGN. Based on these findings, we propose that the single TGN has at least two subregions, or "zones", responsible for distinct cargo sorting: the secretory-trafficking zone and the vacuolar-trafficking zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Shimizu
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Junpei Takagi
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- grid.412314.10000 0001 2192 178XGraduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Ito
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- grid.419396.00000 0004 0618 8593Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XThe Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Yamato Komatsu
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- grid.419396.00000 0004 0618 8593Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XThe Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- grid.412314.10000 0001 2192 178XGraduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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38
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Shapiro F, Maguire K, Swami S, Zhu H, Flynn E, Wang J, Wu JY. Histopathology of osteogenesis imperfecta bone. Supramolecular assessment of cells and matrices in the context of woven and lamellar bone formation using light, polarization and ultrastructural microscopy. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100734. [PMID: 33665234 PMCID: PMC7898004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphyseal long bone cortical tissue from 30 patients with lethal perinatal Sillence II and progressively deforming Sillence III osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has been studied at multiple levels of structural resolution. Interpretation in the context of woven to lamellar bone formation by mesenchymal osteoblasts (MOBLs) and surface osteoblasts (SOBLs) respectively demonstrates lamellar on woven bone synthesis as an obligate self-assembly mechanism and bone synthesis following the normal developmental pattern but showing variable delay in maturation caused by structurally abnormal or insufficient amounts of collagen matrix. The more severe the variant of OI is, the greater the persistence of woven bone and the more immature the structural pattern; the pattern shifts to a structurally stronger lamellar arrangement once a threshold accumulation for an adequate scaffold of woven bone has been reached. Woven bone alone characterizes lethal perinatal variants; variable amounts of woven and lamellar bone occur in progressively deforming variants; and lamellar bone increasingly forms rudimentary and then partially compacted osteons not reaching full compaction. At differing levels of microscopic resolution: lamellar bone is characterized by short, obliquely oriented lamellae with a mosaic appearance in progressively deforming forms; polarization defines tissue conformations and localizes initiation of lamellar formation; ultrastructure of bone forming cells shows markedly dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and prominent Golgi bodies with disorganized cisternae and swollen dispersed tubules and vesicles, structural indications of storage disorder/stress responses and mitochondrial swelling in cells with massively dilated RER indicating apoptosis; ultrastructural matrix assessments in woven bone show randomly oriented individual fibrils but also short pericellular bundles of parallel oriented fibrils positioned obliquely and oriented randomly to one another and in lamellar bone show unidirectional fibrils that deviate at slight angles to adjacent bundles and obliquely oriented fibril groups consistent with twisted plywood fibril organization. Histomorphometric indices, designed specifically to document woven and lamellar conformations in normal and OI bone, establish ratios for: i) cell area/total area X 100 indicating the percentage of an area occupied by cells (cellularity index) and ii) total area/number of cells (pericellular matrix domains). Woven bone is more cellular than lamellar bone and OI bone is more cellular than normal bone, but these findings occur in a highly specific fashion with values (high to low) encompassing OI woven, normal woven, OI lamellar and normal lamellar conformations. Conversely, for the total area/number of cells ratio, pericellular matrix accumulations in OI woven are smallest and normal lamellar largest. Since genotype-phenotype correlation is not definitive, interposing histologic/structural analysis allowing for a genotype-histopathologic-phenotype correlation will greatly enhance understanding and clinical management of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Shapiro
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Maguire
- Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn Flynn
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Wang
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Brumfield A, Chaudhary N, Molle D, Wen J, Graumann J, McGraw TE. Insulin-promoted mobilization of GLUT4 from a perinuclear storage site requires RAB10. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:57-73. [PMID: 33175605 PMCID: PMC8098823 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin controls glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells by inducing a net redistribution of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular storage to the plasma membrane (PM). The TBC1D4-RAB10 signaling module is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the PM, although where it intersects GLUT4 traffic was unknown. Here we demonstrate that TBC1D4-RAB10 functions to control GLUT4 mobilization from a trans-Golgi network (TGN) storage compartment, establishing that insulin, in addition to regulating the PM proximal effects of GLUT4-containing vesicles docking to and fusion with the PM, also directly regulates the behavior of GLUT4 deeper within the cell. We also show that GLUT4 is retained in an element/domain of the TGN from which newly synthesized lysosomal proteins are targeted to the late endosomes and the ATP7A copper transporter is translocated to the PM by elevated copper. Insulin does not mobilize ATP7A nor does copper mobilize GLUT4, and RAB10 is not required for copper-elicited ATP7A mobilization. Consequently, GLUT4 intracellular sequestration and mobilization by insulin is achieved, in part, through utilizing a region of the TGN devoted to specialized cargo transport in general rather than being specific for GLUT4. Our results define the GLUT4-containing region of the TGN as a sorting and storage site from which different cargo are mobilized by distinct signals through unique molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dorothee Molle
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, 24144 Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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40
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David Y, Castro IG, Schuldiner M. The Fast and the Furious: Golgi Contact Sites. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:1-15. [PMID: 35071979 PMCID: PMC7612241 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211034424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contact sites are areas of close apposition between two membranes that coordinate nonvesicular communication between organelles. Such interactions serve a wide range of cellular functions from regulating metabolic pathways to executing stress responses and coordinating organelle inheritance. The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in information on certain contact sites, mostly those involving the endoplasmic reticulum. However, despite its central role in the secretory pathway, the Golgi apparatus and its contact sites remain largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of Golgi contact sites and share our thoughts as to why Golgi contact sites are understudied. We also highlight what exciting future directions may exist in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam David
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inês G Castro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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41
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Fujii S, Kurokawa K, Tago T, Inaba R, Takiguchi A, Nakano A, Satoh T, Satoh AK. Sec71 separates Golgi stacks in Drosophila S2 cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245571. [PMID: 33262309 PMCID: PMC10668125 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi stacks are the basic structural units of the Golgi. Golgi stacks are separated from each other and scattered in the cytoplasm of Drosophila cells. Here, we report that the ARF-GEF inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA) induces the formation of BFA bodies, which are aggregates of Golgi stacks, trans-Golgi networks and recycling endosomes. Recycling endosomes are located in the centers of BFA bodies, while Golgi stacks surround them on their trans sides. Live imaging of S2 cells revealed that Golgi stacks repeatedly merged and separated on their trans sides, and BFA caused successive merger by inhibiting separation, forming BFA bodies. S2 cells carrying genome-edited BFA-resistant mutant Sec71M717L did not form BFA bodies at high concentrations of BFA; S2 cells carrying genome-edited BFA-hypersensitive mutant Sec71F713Y produced BFA bodies at low concentrations of BFA. These results indicate that Sec71 is the sole BFA target for BFA body formation and controls Golgi stack separation. Finally, we showed that impairment of Sec71 in fly photoreceptors induces BFA body formation, with accumulation of both apical and basolateral cargoes, resulting in inhibition of polarized transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syara Fujii
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tago
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ryota Inaba
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Arata Takiguchi
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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42
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Shomron O, Hirschberg K, Burakov A, Kamentseva R, Kornilova E, Nadezhdina E, Brodsky I. Positioning of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites around the Golgi depends on BicaudalD2 and Rab6 activity. Traffic 2020; 22:64-77. [PMID: 33314495 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in biogenesis, modification and transport of secreted and membrane proteins. The ER membranes are spread throughout the cell cytoplasm as well as the export domains known as ER exit sites (ERES). A subpopulation of ERES is centrally localized proximal to the Golgi apparatus. The significance of this subpopulation on ER-to-Golgi transport remains unclear. Transport carriers (TCs) form at the ERES via a COPII-dependent mechanism and move to Golgi on microtubule (MT) tracks. It was shown previously that ERES are distributed along MTs and undergo chaotic short-range movements and sporadic rapid long-range movements. The long-range movements of ERES are impaired by either depolymerization of MTs or inhibition of dynein, suggesting that ERES central concentration is mediated by dynein activity. We demonstrate that the processive movements of ERES are frequently coupled with the TC departure. Using the Sar1a[H79G]-induced ERES clustering at the perinuclear region, we identified BicaudalD2 (BicD2) and Rab6 as components of the dynein adaptor complex which drives perinuclear ERES concentration at the cell center. BicD2 partially colocalized with ERES and with TC. Peri-Golgi ERES localization was significantly affected by inhibition of BicD2 function with its N-terminal fragment or inhibition of Rab6 function with its dominant-negative mutant. Golgi accumulation of secretory protein was delayed by inhibition of Rab6 and BicD2. Thus, we conclude that a BicD2/Rab6 dynein adaptor is required for maintenance of Golgi-associated ERES. We propose that Golgi-associated ERES may enhance the efficiency of the ER-to-Golgi transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shomron
- Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anton Burakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma Kamentseva
- Division of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Science, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kornilova
- Division of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Science, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Nadezhdina
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Brodsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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43
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Aw R, De Wachter C, Laukens B, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Bell D, Callewaert N, Polizzi KM. Knockout of RSN1, TVP18 or CSC1-2 causes perturbation of Golgi cisternae in Pichia pastoris. Traffic 2020; 22:48-63. [PMID: 33263222 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization of the Golgi stacks in mammalian cells is intrinsically linked to function, including glycosylation, but the role of morphology is less clear in lower eukaryotes. Here we investigated the link between the structural organization of the Golgi and secretory pathway function using Pichia pastoris as a model system. To unstack the Golgi cisternae, we disrupted 18 genes encoding proteins in the secretory pathway without loss of viability. Using biosensors, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy we identified three strains with irreversible perturbations in the stacking of the Golgi cisternae, all of which had disruption in genes that encode proteins with annotated function as or homology to calcium/calcium permeable ion channels. Despite this, no variation in the secretory pathway for ER size, whole cell glycomics or recombinant protein glycans was observed. Our investigations showed the robust nature of the secretory pathway in P. pastoris and suggest that Ca2+ concentration, homeostasis or signalling may play a significant role for Golgi stacking in this organism and should be investigated in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Aw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlot De Wachter
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Laukens
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Bell
- Section for Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,London Biofoundry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Nonredundant Roles of GRASP55 and GRASP65 in the Golgi Apparatus and Beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:1065-1079. [PMID: 32893104 PMCID: PMC7641999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that two Golgi stacking proteins, GRASP55 and GRASP65, self-interact to form trans-oligomers that tether adjacent Golgi membranes into stacks and ribbons in mammalian cells. This ensures proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus in protein trafficking and processing. More recently, GRASP proteins have drawn extensive attention from researchers due to their diverse and essential roles in and out of the Golgi in different organisms. In this review, we summarize their established roles in Golgi structure formation and function under physiological conditions. We then highlight the emerging and divergent roles for individual GRASP proteins, focusing on GRASP65 in cell migration and apoptosis and GRASP55 in unconventional protein secretion and autophagy under stress or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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45
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Tomás M, Martínez-Alonso E, Martínez-Martínez N, Cara-Esteban M, Martínez-Menárguez JA. Fragmentation of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human substantia nigra: New cytopathological findings in Parkinson's disease. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:47-60. [PMID: 33078843 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon is a common feature of Parkinson´s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. This alteration could be the consequence of the anterograde and retrograde transport imbalance, α-synuclein aggregates, and/or cytoskeleton alterations. Most information on this process has been obtained from cellular and animal experimental models, and as such, there is little information available on human tissue. If the information on human tissue was available, it may help to understand the cytopathological mechanisms of this disease. In the present study, we analyzed the morphological characteristics of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human samples of substantia nigra of control and Parkinson's disease patients. We measured the expression levels of putative molecules involved in Golgi fragmentation, including α-synuclein, tubulin, and Golgi-associated regulatory and structural proteins. We show that, as a consequence of the disease, the Golgi complex is fragmented into small stacks without vesiculation. We found that only a limited number of regulatory proteins are altered. Rab1, a small GTPase regulating endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport, is the most dramatically affected, being highly overexpressed in the surviving neurons. We found that the SNARE protein syntaxin 5 forms extracellular aggregates resembling the amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. These findings may help to understand the cytopathology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Tomás
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Cara-Esteban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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47
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Biosynthesis and Post Synthesis Mechanisms Combine Few Enzymes and Few Core Proteins to Generate Extensive Structural and Functional Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184215. [PMID: 32937952 PMCID: PMC7570499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common and widespread post-translational modification that affects a large majority of proteins. Of these, a small minority, about 20, are specifically modified by the addition of heparan sulfate, a linear polysaccharide from the glycosaminoglycan family. The resulting molecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, nevertheless play a fundamental role in most biological functions by interacting with a myriad of proteins. This large functional repertoire stems from the ubiquitous presence of these molecules within the tissue and a tremendous structural variety of the heparan sulfate chains, generated through both biosynthesis and post synthesis mechanisms. The present review focusses on how proteoglycans are “gagosylated” and acquire structural complexity through the concerted action of Golgi-localized biosynthesis enzymes and extracellular modifying enzymes. It examines, in particular, the possibility that these enzymes form complexes of different modes of organization, leading to the synthesis of various oligosaccharide sequences.
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48
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Li W, Zhang S, Yang G. Dynamic organization of intracellular organelle networks. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1505. [PMID: 32865347 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular organelles are membrane-bound and biochemically distinct compartments constructed to serve specialized functions in eukaryotic cells. Through extensive interactions, they form networks to coordinate and integrate their specialized functions for cell physiology. A fundamental property of these organelle networks is that they constantly undergo dynamic organization via membrane fusion and fission to remodel their internal connections and to mediate direct material exchange between compartments. The dynamic organization not only enables them to serve critical physiological functions adaptively but also differentiates them from many other biological networks such as gene regulatory networks and cell signaling networks. This review examines this fundamental property of the organelle networks from a systems point of view. The focus is exclusively on homotypic networks formed by mitochondria, lysosomes, endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. First, key mechanisms that drive the dynamic organization of these networks are summarized. Then, several distinct organizational properties of these networks are highlighted. Next, spatial properties of the dynamic organization of these networks are emphasized, and their functional implications are examined. Finally, some representative molecular machineries that mediate the dynamic organization of these networks are surveyed. Overall, the dynamic organization of intracellular organelle networks is emerging as a fundamental and unifying paradigm in the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. This article is categorized under: Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liao J, Guan Y, Chen W, Shi C, Yao D, Wang F, Lam SM, Shui G, Cao X. ACBD3 is required for FAPP2 transferring glucosylceramide through maintaining the Golgi integrity. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:107-117. [PMID: 29750412 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism is involved in various physiological processes, including all major cell signaling pathways, and its dysregulation is linked to some diseases. The four-phosphate adaptor protein FAPP2-mediated glucosylceramide (GlcCer) transport for complex GSL synthesis has been studied extensively. However, the molecular machinery of FAPP2 as a GlcCer-transferring protein remains poorly defined. Here, we identify a Golgi-resident protein, acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), as an interacting partner of FAPP2. We find that ACBD3 knockdown leads to dramatic Golgi fragmentation, which subsequently causes FAPP2 dispersal throughout the cytoplasm and a decreased localization at trans-Golgi network. The further quantitative lipidomic analysis indicates that ACBD3 knockdown triggers abnormal sphingolipid metabolism. Interestingly, the expression of siRNA-resistant full-length ACBD3 can rescue these defects caused by ACBD3 knockdown. These data reveal critical roles for ACBD3 in maintaining the integrity of Golgi morphology and cellular sphingolipid homeostasis and establish the importance of the integrated Golgi complex for the transfer of GlcCer and complex GSL synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Can Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fengsong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hecht TKH, Blank B, Steger M, Lopez V, Beck G, Ramazanov B, Mann M, Tagliabracci V, von Blume J. Fam20C regulates protein secretion by Cab45 phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201910089. [PMID: 32422653 PMCID: PMC7265331 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGN is a key compartment for the sorting and secretion of newly synthesized proteins. At the TGN, soluble proteins are sorted based on the instructions carried in their oligosaccharide backbones or by a Ca2+-mediated process that involves the cargo-sorting protein Cab45. Here, we show that Cab45 is phosphorylated by the Golgi-specific protein kinase Fam20C. Mimicking of phosphorylation translocates Cab45 into TGN-derived vesicles, which goes along with an increased export of LyzC, a Cab45 client. Our findings demonstrate that Fam20C plays a key role in the export of Cab45 clients by fine-tuning Cab45 oligomerization and thus impacts Cab45 retention in the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Karl-Heinz Hecht
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Blank
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Steger
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victor Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Gisela Beck
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bulat Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vincent Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
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