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Zhao J, Chen A, Wang R, Qiu D, Chen H, Li J, Zhang J, Wang T, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhou J, Du Y, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Miao D, Wang Y, Jin J. Bmi-1 Epigenetically Orchestrates Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Delay Bone Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404518. [PMID: 39225325 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
With the increase in the aging population, senile osteoporosis (SOP) has become a major global public health concern. Here, it is found that Prx1 and Bmi-1 co-localized in trabecular bone, bone marrow cavity, endosteum, and periosteum. Prx1-driven Bmi-1 knockout in bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reduced bone mass and increased bone marrow adiposity by inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, promoting osteoclastic bone resorption, downregulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and upregulating the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, Prx1-driven Bmi-1 overexpression showed a contrasting phenotype to Prx1-driven Bmi-1 knockout in BMSCs. Regarding mechanism, Bmi-1-RING1B bound to DNMT3A and promoted its ubiquitination and inhibited DNA methylation of Runx2 at the region from 45047012 to 45047313 bp, thus promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, Bmi-1-EZH2 repressed the transcription of Cebpa by promoting H3K27 trimethylation at the promoter region -1605 to -1596 bp, thus inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. It is also found that Prx1-driven Bmi-1 overexpression rescued the SOP induced by Prx1-driven Bmi-1 knockout in BMSCs. Thus, Bmi-1 functioned as a hub protein in the epigenetic regulation of BMSCs differentiation to delay bone aging. The Prx1-driven Bmi-1 overexpression in BMSCs can be used as an approach for the translational therapy of SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jin'ge Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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Chowdhary S, Hadjantonakis AK. Journey of the mouse primitive endoderm: from specification to maturation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210252. [PMID: 36252215 PMCID: PMC9574636 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blastocyst is a conserved stage and distinct milestone in the development of the mammalian embryo. Blastocyst stage embryos comprise three cell lineages which arise through two sequential binary cell fate specification steps. In the first, extra-embryonic trophectoderm (TE) cells segregate from inner cell mass (ICM) cells. Subsequently, ICM cells acquire a pluripotent epiblast (Epi) or extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE, also referred to as hypoblast) identity. In the mouse, nascent Epi and PrE cells emerge in a salt-and-pepper distribution in the early blastocyst and are subsequently sorted into adjacent tissue layers by the late blastocyst stage. Epi cells cluster at the interior of the ICM, while PrE cells are positioned on its surface interfacing the blastocyst cavity, where they display apicobasal polarity. As the embryo implants into the maternal uterus, cells at the periphery of the PrE epithelium, at the intersection with the TE, break away and migrate along the TE as they mature into parietal endoderm (ParE). PrE cells remaining in association with the Epi mature into visceral endoderm. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the PrE from its specification to its maturation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chowdhary
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Vrij EJ, Scholte op Reimer YS, Fuentes LR, Guerreiro IM, Holzmann V, Aldeguer JF, Sestini G, Koo BK, Kind J, van Blitterswijk CA, Rivron NC. A pendulum of induction between the epiblast and extra-embryonic endoderm supports post-implantation progression. Development 2022; 149:dev192310. [PMID: 35993866 PMCID: PMC9534490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is supported by dynamic loops of cellular interactions. Here, we create a partial mouse embryo model to elucidate the principles of epiblast (Epi) and extra-embryonic endoderm co-development (XEn). We trigger naive mouse embryonic stem cells to form a blastocyst-stage niche of Epi-like cells and XEn-like cells (3D, hydrogel free and serum free). Once established, these two lineages autonomously progress in minimal medium to form an inner pro-amniotic-like cavity surrounded by polarized Epi-like cells covered with visceral endoderm (VE)-like cells. The progression occurs through reciprocal inductions by which the Epi supports the primitive endoderm (PrE) to produce a basal lamina that subsequently regulates Epi polarization and/or cavitation, which, in return, channels the transcriptomic progression to VE. This VE then contributes to Epi bifurcation into anterior- and posterior-like states. Similarly, boosting the formation of PrE-like cells within blastoids supports developmental progression. We argue that self-organization can arise from lineage bifurcation followed by a pendulum of induction that propagates over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Vrij
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne S. Scholte op Reimer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laury Roa Fuentes
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Isabel Misteli Guerreiro
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Javier Frias Aldeguer
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Sestini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jop Kind
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas C. Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Chen H, Zhou J, Chen H, Liang J, Xie C, Gu X, Wang R, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zuo G, Miao D, Jin J. Bmi-1-RING1B prevents GATA4-dependent senescence-associated pathological cardiac hypertrophy by promoting autophagic degradation of GATA4. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e574. [PMID: 35390228 PMCID: PMC8989148 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Senescence-associated pathological cardiac hypertrophy (SA-PCH) is associated with upregulation of foetal genes, fibrosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cardiac dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we conducted experiments to investigate whether GATA4 accumulation induces SA-PCH, and whether Bmi-1-RING1B promotes GATA4 ubiquitination and its selective autophagic degradation to prevent SA-PCH. METHODS AND RESULTS Bmi-1-deficient (Bmi-1-/- ), transgenic Bmi-1 overexpressing (Bmi-1Tg ) and wild-type (WT) mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) to stimulate the development of SA-PCH. Through bioinformatics analysis with RNA sequencing data from cardiac tissues, we found that Bmi-1-RING1B and autophagy are negatively related to SA-PCH. Bmi-1 deficiency promoted GATA4-dependent SA-PCH by increasing GATA4 protein and hypertrophy-related molecules transcribed by GATA4 such as ANP and BNP. Bmi-1 deficiency stimulated NF-κB-p65-dependent SASP, leading to cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and senescence. Bmi-1 overexpression repressed GATA4-dependent SA-PCH. GATA4 degraded by Bmi-1 was mainly dependent on autophagy rather than proteasome. In human myocardium, p16 positively correlated with ANP and GATA4 and negatively correlated with LC3B, Bmi-1 and RING1B; GATA4 positively correlated with p62 and negatively correlated with Bmi-1 and LC3B. With increased p16 protein levels, ANP-, BNP- and GATA4-positive cells or areas increased; however, LC3B-positive cells or areas decreased in human myocardium. GATA4 is ubiquitinated after combining with Bmi-1-RING1B, which is then recognised by p62, is translocated to autophagosomes to form autophagolysosomes and degraded. Downregulated GATA4 ameliorated SA-PCH and cardiac dysfunction by reducing GATA4-dependent hypertrophy and SASP-related molecules. Bmi-1 combined with RING1B (residues 1-179) and C-terminus of GATA4 (residues 206-443 including zinc finger domains) through residues 1-95, including a RING-HC-finger. RING1B combined with C-terminus of GATA4 through the C-terminus (residues 180-336). Adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9)-cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Bmi-1-RING1B treatment significantly attenuated GATA4-dependent SA-PCH through promoting GATA4 autophagic degradation. CONCLUSIONS Bmi-1-RING1B maintained cardiac function and prevented SA-PCH by promoting selective autophagy for degrading GATA4. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AAV9-CMV-Bmi-1-RING1B could be used for translational gene therapy to ubiquitinate GATA4 and prevent GATA4-dependent SA-PCH. Also, the combined domains between Bmi-1-RING1B and GATA4 in aging cardiomyocytes could be therapeutic targets for identifying stapled peptides in clinical applications to promote the combination of Bmi-1-RING1B with GATA4 and the ubiquitination of GATA4 to prevent SA-PCH and heart failure. We found that degradation of cardiac GATA4 by Bmi-1 was mainly dependent on autophagy rather than proteasome, and autophagy agonists metformin and rapamycin could ameliorate the SA-PCH, suggesting that activation of autophagy with metformin or rapamycin could also be a promising method to prevent SA-PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- The Research Center for AgingAffiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Jialong Liang
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food SafetySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Science and TechnologyJiangsu Jiankang Vocational CollegeNanjingJiangsu210029China
| | - Guoping Zuo
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
- The Research Center for AgingAffiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Human AnatomyResearch Centre for Bone and Stem CellsKey Laboratory for Aging & DiseaseThe State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
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Fischer SC, Corujo-Simon E, Lilao-Garzon J, Stelzer EHK, Muñoz-Descalzo S. The transition from local to global patterns governs the differentiation of mouse blastocysts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233030. [PMID: 32413083 PMCID: PMC7228118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian blastocyst development, inner cell mass (ICM) cells differentiate into epiblast (Epi) or primitive endoderm (PrE). These two fates are characterized by the expression of the transcription factors NANOG and GATA6, respectively. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of NANOG and GATA6 expressing cells in the ICM of the mouse blastocysts with quantitative three-dimensional single cell-based neighbourhood analyses. We define the cell neighbourhood by local features, which include the expression levels of both fate markers expressed in each cell and its neighbours, and the number of neighbouring cells. We further include the position of a cell relative to the centre of the ICM as a global positional feature. Our analyses reveal a local three-dimensional pattern that is already present in early blastocysts: 1) Cells expressing the highest NANOG levels are surrounded by approximately nine neighbours, while 2) cells expressing GATA6 cluster according to their GATA6 levels. This local pattern evolves into a global pattern in the ICM that starts to emerge in mid blastocysts. We show that FGF/MAPK signalling is involved in the three-dimensional distribution of the cells and, using a mutant background, we further show that the GATA6 neighbourhood is regulated by NANOG. Our quantitative study suggests that the three-dimensional cell neighbourhood plays a role in Epi and PrE precursor specification. Our results highlight the importance of analysing the three-dimensional cell neighbourhood while investigating cell fate decisions during early mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C. Fischer
- Physikalische Biologie, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Corujo-Simon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquin Lilao-Garzon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Physikalische Biologie, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silvia Muñoz-Descalzo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Yang W, Wu Z, Yang K, Han Y, Chen Y, Zhao W, Huang F, Jin Y, Jin W. BMI1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in ischemia-induced heart failure via the PTEN-PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H61-H69. [PMID: 30359076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00487.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis has been known to play an important role in the etiology of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1), a transcriptional repressor, is important for fibrogenesis in the kidneys. However, the effect of BMI1 on ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. BMI1 was strongly expressed in the infarct region 1 wk post-MI in mice and was detected by Western blot and histological analyses. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of BMI1 significantly promoted cardiac fibrosis, worsened cardiac function 4 wk after the intervention in vivo, and enhanced the proliferation and migration capabilities of fibroblasts in vitro , whereas downregulation of BMI1 decreased cardiac fibrosis and prevented cardiac dysfunction in mice 4 wk post-MI in vivo. Furthermore, upregulated BMI1 inhibited phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) expression, and increased the phosphorylation level of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in mice 4 wk after lentiviral infection, which was in accordance with the changes seen in their infarcted myocardial tissues. At the same time, the effects of BMI1 on cardiac fibroblasts were reversed in vitro when these cells were exposed to NVP-BEZ235, a dual-kinase (PI3K/mTOR) inhibitor. In conclusion, BMI1 is associated with cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction after MI by regulating cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration, and these effects could be partially explained by the regulation of the PTEN-PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemia-induced B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1) significantly promoted cardiac fibrosis and worsened cardiac function in vivo, whereas downregulation of BMI1 decreased cardiac fibrosis and prevented cardiac dysfunction in myocardial infarcted mice. BMI1 also enhanced proliferation and migration capabilities of fibroblasts in vitro; these effects were reversed by NVP-BEZ235. Effects of BMI1 on cardiac fibrosis could be partially explained by regulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanxin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Weilin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fanyi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Ngondo RP, Cirera-Salinas D, Yu J, Wischnewski H, Bodak M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Geiselmann A, Wettstein R, Luitz J, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Ciaudo C. Argonaute 2 Is Required for Extra-embryonic Endoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:461-476. [PMID: 29396181 PMCID: PMC5830960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse, although four Argonaute (AGO) proteins with partly overlapping functions in small-RNA pathways exist, only Ago2 deficiency causes embryonic lethality. To investigate the role of AGO2 during mouse early development, we generated Ago2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and performed a detailed characterization of their differentiation potential. Ago2 disruption caused a global reduction of microRNAs, which resulted in the misregulation of only a limited number of transcripts. We demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that AGO2 is dispensable for the embryonic germ-layer formation. However, Ago2-deficient mESCs showed a specific defect during conversion into extra-embryonic endoderm cells. We proved that this defect is cell autonomous and can be rescued by both a catalytically active and an inactive Ago2, but not by Ago2 deprived of its RNA binding capacity or by Ago1 overexpression. Overall, our results suggest a role for AGO2 in stem cell differentiation. Ago2 deletion strongly affects microRNA but not mRNA levels in mESCs AGO2 is dispensable for mESC self-renewal and formation of embryonic germ layers AGO2 but not AGO1 is required for GATA6 expression during XEN conversion of mESCs AGO2 is essential for the in vitro expression of extra-embryonic endoderm genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Patryk Ngondo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Yu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Wischnewski
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Anna Geiselmann
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Rahel Wettstein
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Luitz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Constance Ciaudo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Xin Q, Kong S, Yan J, Qiu J, He B, Zhou C, Ni Z, Bao H, Huang L, Lu J, Xia G, Liu X, Chen ZJ, Wang C, Wang H. Polycomb subunit BMI1 determines uterine progesterone responsiveness essential for normal embryo implantation. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:175-189. [PMID: 29202468 DOI: 10.1172/jci92862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestogens have been commonly used to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss in women with inadequate progesterone secretion or reduced progesterone sensitivity. However, the clinical efficacy of progesterone and its analogs for maintaining pregnancy is variable. Additionally, the underlying cause of impaired endometrial progesterone responsiveness during early pregnancy remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that uterine-selective depletion of BMI1, a key component of the polycomb repressive complex-1 (PRC1), hampers uterine progesterone responsiveness and derails normal uterine receptivity, resulting in implantation failure in mice. We further uncovered genetic and biochemical evidence that BMI1 interacts with the progesterone receptor (PR) and the E3 ligase E6AP in a polycomb complex-independent manner and regulates the PR ubiquitination that is essential for normal progesterone responsiveness. A close association of aberrantly low endometrial BMI1 expression with restrained PR responsiveness in women who had previously had a miscarriage indicated that the role of BMI1 in endometrial PR function is conserved in mice and in humans. In addition to uncovering a potential regulatory mechanism of BMI1 that ensures normal endometrial progesterone responsiveness during early pregnancy, our findings have the potential to help clarify the underlying causes of spontaneous pregnancy loss in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bo He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangli Ni
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haili Bao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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9
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Bessonnard S, Coqueran S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Dufour A, Artus J, Cohen-Tannoudji M. ICM conversion to epiblast by FGF/ERK inhibition is limited in time and requires transcription and protein degradation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12285. [PMID: 28947813 PMCID: PMC5612930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inner cell Mass (ICM) specification into epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE) is an asynchronous and progressive process taking place between E3.0 to E3.75 under the control of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Here, we have analyzed in details the kinetics of specification and found that ICM cell responsiveness to the up and down regulation of FGF signaling activity are temporally distinct. We also showed that PrE progenitors are generated later than Epi progenitors. We further demonstrated that, during this late phase of specification, a 4 hours period of FGF/ERK inhibition prior E3.75 is sufficient to convert ICM cells into Epi. Finally, we showed that ICM conversion into Epi in response to inhibition during this short time window requires both transcription and proteasome degradation. Collectively, our data give new insights into the timing and mechanisms involved in the process of ICM specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, CNRS UMR 3691, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR935, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Artus
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMR935, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, University Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, France.
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.
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10
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Thamodaran V, Bruce AW. p38 (Mapk14/11) occupies a regulatory node governing entry into primitive endoderm differentiation during preimplantation mouse embryo development. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160190. [PMID: 27605380 PMCID: PMC5043583 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation embryo development, the classically described second cell-fate decision involves the specification and segregation, in blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM), of primitive endoderm (PrE) from pluripotent epiblast (EPI). The active role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling during PrE differentiation, particularly in the context of Erk1/2 pathway activation, is well described. However, we report that p38 family mitogen-activated protein kinases (namely p38α/Mapk14 and p38β/Mapk11; referred to as p38-Mapk14/11) also participate in PrE formation. Specifically, functional p38-Mapk14/11 are required, during early-blastocyst maturation, to assist uncommitted ICM cells, expressing both EPI and earlier PrE markers, to fully commit to PrE differentiation. Moreover, functional activation of p38-Mapk14/11 is, as reported for Erk1/2, under the control of Fgf-receptor signalling, plus active Tak1 kinase (involved in non-canonical bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)-receptor-mediated PrE differentiation). However, we demonstrate that the critical window of p38-Mapk14/11 activation precedes the E3.75 timepoint (defined by the initiation of the classical ‘salt and pepper’ expression pattern of mutually exclusive EPI and PrE markers), whereas appropriate lineage maturation is still achievable when Erk1/2 activity (via Mek1/2 inhibition) is limited to a period after E3.75. We propose that active p38-Mapk14/11 act as enablers, and Erk1/2 as drivers, of PrE differentiation during ICM lineage specification and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Thamodaran
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genetics (LDB&G), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander W Bruce
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genetics (LDB&G), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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11
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Alonso-Montes C, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Martín M, Gómez J, Coto E, Naves-Díaz M, Morís C, Cannata-Andía JB, Rodríguez I. Rare genetic variants in GATA transcription factors in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Investig Med 2017; 65:926-934. [PMID: 28381408 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a very heterogeneous disease. Although primarily caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, other genes might explain that heterogeneity. Potential candidate genes are GATA transcription factors that regulate the expression of proteins associated with HCM. Exons of GATA2, GATA4, and GATA6 genes were sequenced in 212 patients with unrelated HCM previously analyzed for genes encoding the most frequently mutated sarcomeric proteins. Functional effects of variants were predicted by in silico analyses. 3 potentially pathogenic variants were identified: c.-77G>A in GATA2, p.Ala343Thr (rs370588269) in GATA4, and p.Pro555Ala (rs146243018) in GATA6 Multivariate analyses showed that angina was more frequent in patients carrying sarcomeric and GATA rare variants (55% vs 23.2% in non-carriers of GATA rare variants, OR (95% CI) 7.12 (1.23 to 41.27), p=0.029). Among patients without a known causal mutation, GATA rare variants were associated with a greater maximum posterior wall thickness (16.4±4.4 vs 14.0±3.1 mm in non-carriers, p=0.021). Thus, variants having a putative effect on GATA genes would alter the expression of their target genes and could modify the hypertrophic response. Therefore, although relatively infrequent in patients with HCM, they may represent a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez-Reguero
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
| | - César Morís
- Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Asturcor, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Asynchronous fate decisions by single cells collectively ensure consistent lineage composition in the mouse blastocyst. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13463. [PMID: 27857135 PMCID: PMC5120222 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential to coordinate the behaviour of individual cells during organismal development. The preimplantation mammalian embryo is a paradigm of tissue self-organization and regulative development; however, the cellular basis of these regulative abilities has not been established. Here we use a quantitative image analysis pipeline to undertake a high-resolution, single-cell level analysis of lineage specification in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst. We show that a consistent ratio of epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages is achieved through incremental allocation of cells from a common progenitor pool, and that the lineage composition of the ICM is conserved regardless of its size. Furthermore, timed modulation of the FGF-MAPK pathway shows that individual progenitors commit to either fate asynchronously during blastocyst development. These data indicate that such incremental lineage allocation provides the basis for a tissue size control mechanism that ensures the generation of lineages of appropriate size. Early embryonic cell fate and lineage specification is tightly regulated in the preimplantation mammalian embryo. Here, the authors quantitatively examine the ratio of epiblast to primitive endoderm lineages in the blastocyst and show composition of the inner cell mass is conserved, independent of its size.
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13
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Chandrashekran A, Casimir C, Dibb N, Readhead C, Winston R. Generating Transgenic Mice by Lentiviral Transduction of Spermatozoa Followed by In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1448:95-106. [PMID: 27317176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3753-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most transgenic technologies rely on the oocyte as a substrate for genetic modification. Transgenics animals are usually generated by the injection of the gene constructs (including lentiviruses encoding gene constructs or modified embryonic stem cells) into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg followed by the transfer of the injected embryos into the uterus of a foster mother. Male germ cells also have potential as templates for transgenic development. We have previously shown that mature sperm can be utilized as template for lentiviral transduction and as such used to generate transgenic mice efficiently with germ line capabilities. We provide here a detailed protocol that is relatively simple, to establish transgenic mice using lentivirally transduced spermatozoa. This protocol employs a well-established lentiviral gene delivery system (usual for somatic cells) delivering a variety of transgenes to be directly used with sperm, and the subsequent use of these modified sperm in in vitro fertilization studies and embryo transfer into foster female mice, for the establishment of transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandrashekran
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Colin Casimir
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Nick Dibb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carol Readhead
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Robert Winston
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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14
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Khan AA, Lee AJ, Roh TY. Polycomb group protein-mediated histone modifications during cell differentiation. Epigenomics 2015; 7:75-84. [PMID: 25687468 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, especially genes encoding lineage-specific factors. Perturbations in PcG protein expression may trigger an unexpected developmental pathway, resulting in birth defects and developmental disabilities. Two Polycomb repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, have been identified and are related with diverse cellular processes through histone modifications. Many developmental genes are trimethylated at histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) mediated by PRC2, which provides a binding site for PRC1. These processes contribute to chromatin compaction and transcriptional repression. In this review, we discuss about the complex formation of PcG proteins, the mechanism through which they are recruited to target sites and their functional roles in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Khan
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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15
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Netrin-1 regulates somatic cell reprogramming and pluripotency maintenance. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7398. [PMID: 26154507 PMCID: PMC4510695 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells holds great promise in regenerative medicine. The use of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc for reprogramming is extensively documented, but comparatively little is known about soluble molecules promoting reprogramming. Here we identify the secreted cue Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC, described for their respective survival/death functions in normal and oncogenic contexts, as reprogramming modulators. In various somatic cells, we found that reprogramming is accompanied by a transient transcriptional repression of Netrin-1 mediated by an Mbd3/Mta1/Chd4-containing NuRD complex. Mechanistically, Netrin-1 imbalance induces apoptosis mediated by the receptor DCC in a p53-independent manner. Correction of the Netrin-1/DCC equilibrium constrains apoptosis and improves reprogramming efficiency. Our work also sheds light on Netrin-1's function in protecting embryonic stem cells from apoptosis mediated by its receptor UNC5b, and shows that the treatment with recombinant Netrin-1 improves the generation of mouse and human iPS cells. Reprogramming holds great promise for regenerative medicine but the molecular mechanisms governing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells remain unclear. Here, the authors reveal functions for the axonal guidance cue Netrin-1 in constraining apoptosis at the early stage of reprogramming and in established pluripotent cells.
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16
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Bessonnard S, De Mot L, Gonze D, Barriol M, Dennis C, Goldbeter A, Dupont G, Chazaud C. Gata6, Nanog and Erk signaling control cell fate in the inner cell mass through a tristable regulatory network. Development 2014; 141:3637-48. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During blastocyst formation, inner cell mass (ICM) cells differentiate into either epiblast (Epi) or primitive endoderm (PrE) cells, labeled by Nanog and Gata6, respectively, and organized in a salt-and-pepper pattern. Previous work in the mouse has shown that, in absence of Nanog, all ICM cells adopt a PrE identity. Moreover, the activation or the blockade of the Fgf/RTK pathway biases cell fate specification towards either PrE or Epi, respectively. We show that, in absence of Gata6, all ICM cells adopt an Epi identity. Furthermore, the analysis of Gata6+/− embryos reveals a dose-sensitive phenotype, with fewer PrE-specified cells. These results and previous findings have enabled the development of a mathematical model for the dynamics of the regulatory network that controls ICM differentiation into Epi or PrE cells. The model describes the temporal dynamics of Erk signaling and of the concentrations of Nanog, Gata6, secreted Fgf4 and Fgf receptor 2. The model is able to recapitulate most of the cell behaviors observed in different experimental conditions and provides a unifying mechanism for the dynamics of these developmental transitions. The mechanism relies on the co-existence between three stable steady states (tristability), which correspond to ICM, Epi and PrE cells, respectively. Altogether, modeling and experimental results uncover novel features of ICM cell fate specification such as the role of the initial induction of a subset of cells into Epi in the initiation of the salt-and-pepper pattern, or the precocious Epi specification in Gata6+/− embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Laurane De Mot
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Manon Barriol
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Cynthia Dennis
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Center at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Claire Chazaud
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
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17
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Lubanska D, Porter LA. The atypical cell cycle regulator Spy1 suppresses differentiation of the neuroblastoma stem cell population. Oncoscience 2014; 1:336-48. [PMID: 25594028 PMCID: PMC4278303 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric cancer originating embryonically from the neural crest. The heterogeneity of the disease, as most solid tumors, complicates diagnosis and treatment. In neuroblastoma this heterogeneity is well represented in both primary tumours and derived cell lines and has been shown to be driven by a population of stem-like tumour initiating cells. Resolving the molecular mediators driving the division of this population of cells may indicate effective therapeutic options for neuroblastoma patients. This study has determined that the atypical cyclin-like protein Spy1, recently indicated in driving symmetric division of glioma stem cells, is a critical factor in the stem-like properties of neuroblastoma tumor initiating cell populations. Spy1 activates Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK) in a manner that is unique from classical cyclins. Hence this discovery may represent an important opportunity to design CDK inhibitor drugs to uniquely target subpopulations of cells within these aggressive neural tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor OntarioWindsor, ON
| | - Lisa A. Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor OntarioWindsor, ON
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18
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Lentiviral vector transduction of spermatozoa as a tool for the study of early development. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:266-75. [PMID: 24918038 PMCID: PMC4048842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm are mature cell types that can be transduced by lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral integration in sperm has been demonstrated. Lentivirally transduced sperm is useful for the study of early development.
Spermatozoa and lentiviruses are two of nature’s most efficient gene delivery vehicles. Both can be genetically modified and used independently for the generation of transgenic animals or gene transfer/therapy of inherited disorders. Here we show that mature spermatozoa can be directly transduced with various pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and used in in vitro fertilisation studies. Lentiviral vectors encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) were shown to be efficiently processed and expressed in sperm. When these transduced sperm were used in in vitro fertilisation studies, GFP expression was observed in arising blastocysts. This simple technique of directly transducing spermatozoa has potential to be a powerful tool for the study of early and pre-implantation development and could be used as a technique in transgenic development and vertical viral transmission studies.
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Key Words
- 293T, Human embryonic kidney cells
- 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- AZT, azidodeoxythimidine
- CMV, Cytomegalovirus promoter
- Development
- EF-1, Elongation factor 1 alpha promoter
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- In vitro fertilisation
- LTR, Long Terminal Repeat
- Lentiviral vectors
- PGK, Phosphoglycerate kinase promoter
- Spermatozoa
- Transduction
- Transgenics
- UCOE, ubiquitous chromatin opening element promoter
- VSV-g, vesicular stomatitis virus
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Phosphorylation of Nanog is essential to regulate Bmi1 and promote tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2040-52. [PMID: 23708658 PMCID: PMC3912208 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Nanog is intimately involved in tumorigenesis in part through regulation of the cancer initiating cell population. However, the regulation and role of Nanog in tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this study, human Nanog was identified to be phosphorylated by human PKCε at multiple residues including T200 and T280. Our work indicated that phosphorylation at T200 and T280 modulates Nanog function through several regulatory mechanisms. Results with phosphorylation-insensitive and phosphorylation-mimetic mutant Nanog revealed that phosphorylation at T200 and T280 enhance Nanog protein stability. Moreover, phosphorylation-insensitive T200A and T280A mutant Nanog had a dominant-negative function to inhibit endogenous Nanog transcriptional activity. Inactivation of Nanog was due to impaired homodimerization, DNA binding, promoter occupancy, and p300, a transcriptional co-activator, recruitment resulting in a defect in target gene promoter activation. Ectopic expression of phosphorylation-insensitive T200A or T280A mutant Nanog reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and the cancer initiating cell population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. The in vivo cancer initiating ability was severely compromised in HNSCC cells expressing phosphorylation-insensitive T200A or T280A mutant Nanog; 87.5% (14/16), 12.5% (1/8), and 0% (0/8) for control, T200A, and T280A, respectively. Nanog occupied the Bmi1 promoter to directly transactivate and regulate Bmi1. Genetic ablation and rescue experiments demonstrated that Bmi1 is a critical downstream signaling node for the pleiotropic, pro-oncogenic effects of Nanog. Taken together, our study revealed, for the first time, that post-translational phosphorylation of Nanog is essential to regulate Bmi1 and promote tumorigenesis.
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Arf tumor suppressor and miR-205 regulate cell adhesion and formation of extraembryonic endoderm from pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E1112-21. [PMID: 23487795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302184110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of the Arf tumor suppressor (encoded by the alternate reading frame of the Cdkn2a locus) following oncogene activation engages a p53-dependent transcriptional program that limits the expansion of incipient cancer cells. Although the p19(Arf) protein is not detected in most tissues of fetal or young adult mice, it is physiologically expressed in the fetal yolk sac, a tissue derived from the extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn). Expression of the mouse p19(Arf) protein marks late stages of ExEn differentiation in cultured embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from either embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Arf inactivation delays differentiation of the ExEn lineage within EBs, but not the formation of other germ cell lineages from pluripotent progenitors. Arf is required for the timely induction of ExEn cells in response to Ras/Erk signaling and, in turn, acts through p53 to ensure the development, but not maintenance, of the ExEn lineage. Remarkably, a significant temporal delay in ExEn differentiation detected during the maturation of Arf-null EBs is rescued by enforced expression of mouse microRNA-205 (miR-205), a microRNA up-regulated by p19(Arf) and p53 that controls ExEn cell migration and adhesion. The noncanonical and canonical roles of Arf in ExEn development and tumor suppression, respectively, may be conceptually linked through mechanisms that govern cell attachment and migration.
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