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Cai BH, Sung YT, Chen CC, Shaw JF, Hsin IL. The Competition of Yin and Yang: Exploring the Role of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Tumor Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041192. [PMID: 37189810 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor that plays a crucial role in preventing cancer development [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-He Cai
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Sung
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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2
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic degradative process in which damaged cellular organelles, unwanted proteins and different cytoplasmic components get recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis or metabolic balance. During autophagy, a double membrane vesicle is formed to engulf these cytosolic materials and fuse to lysosomes wherein the entire cargo degrades to be used again. Because of this unique recycling ability of cells, autophagy is a universal stress response mechanism. Dysregulation of autophagy leads to several diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and microbial infection. Thus, autophagy machineries have become targets for therapeutics. This chapter provides an overview of the paradoxical role of autophagy in tumorigenesis in the perspective of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sikder
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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4
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da Silva Lima N, Fondevila MF, Nóvoa E, Buqué X, Mercado-Gómez M, Gallet S, González-Rellan MJ, Fernandez U, Loyens A, Garcia-Vence M, Chantada-Vazquez MDP, Bravo SB, Marañon P, Senra A, Escudero A, Leiva M, Guallar D, Fidalgo M, Gomes P, Claret M, Sabio G, Varela-Rey M, Delgado TC, Montero-Vallejo R, Ampuero J, López M, Diéguez C, Herrero L, Serra D, Schwaninger M, Prevot V, Gallego-Duran R, Romero-Gomez M, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Martinez-Chantar ML, Garcia-Monzon C, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Aspichueta P, Nogueiras R. Inhibition of ATG3 ameliorates liver steatosis by increasing mitochondrial function. J Hepatol 2022; 76:11-24. [PMID: 34555423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3) is an enzyme mainly known for its actions in the LC3 lipidation process, which is essential for autophagy. Whether ATG3 plays a role in lipid metabolism or contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. METHODS By performing proteomic analysis on livers from mice with genetic manipulation of hepatic p63, a regulator of fatty acid metabolism, we identified ATG3 as a new target downstream of p63. ATG3 was evaluated in liver samples from patients with NAFLD. Further, genetic manipulation of ATG3 was performed in human hepatocyte cell lines, primary hepatocytes and in the livers of mice. RESULTS ATG3 expression is induced in the liver of animal models and patients with NAFLD (both steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) compared with those without liver disease. Moreover, genetic knockdown of ATG3 in mice and human hepatocytes ameliorates p63- and diet-induced steatosis, while its overexpression increases the lipid load in hepatocytes. The inhibition of hepatic ATG3 improves fatty acid metabolism by reducing c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1), which increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a), and mitochondrial function. Hepatic knockdown of SIRT1 and CPT1a blunts the effects of ATG3 on mitochondrial activity. Unexpectedly, these effects are independent of an autophagic action. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings indicate that ATG3 is a novel protein implicated in the development of steatosis. LAY SUMMARY We show that autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3) contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans and mice. Hepatic knockdown of ATG3 ameliorates the development of NAFLD by stimulating mitochondrial function. Thus, ATG3 is an important factor implicated in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Lima
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Eva Nóvoa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - Maria Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sarah Gallet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maria J González-Rellan
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uxia Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anne Loyens
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maria Garcia-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Marañon
- LiverResearchUnit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Escudero
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Guallar
- Department of Biochemistry, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research(iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Gene Regulatory Control in Disease, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rocio Montero-Vallejo
- UGC Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- UGC Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rocio Gallego-Duran
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- UGC Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carmelo Garcia-Monzon
- LiverResearchUnit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Agueda Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- LiverResearchUnit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
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Zhong P, Shu R, Wu H, Liu Z, Shen X, Hu Y. Low KRT15 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast invasive carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:305. [PMID: 33717248 PMCID: PMC7885068 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although keratin 15 (KRT15) has been indicated to be overexpressed in several types of tumor, its role in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) has so far remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore KRT15 expression in BRCA based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Genotype-Tissue Expression. KRT15 expression was compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the biological roles and pathways of KRT15. The association between KRT15 expression and immune-cell infiltration was evaluated via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). To investigate the relationship between clinicopathological features and KRT15 expression, the prognostic value of KRT15 and other clinical factors was evaluated using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots. Subgroup prognostic analysis was also performed using forest plots and KM curves. Finally, a tissue microarray was used to assess KRT15 expression in BRCA tissues. KRT15 expression was significantly lower in BRCA tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that KRT15-related genes were primarily enriched in the transmembrane transporter complex, cornification and ligand-receptor interactions. Increased KRT15 was associated with several tumor-suppressive pathways. ssGSEA revealed that high KRT15 expression was significantly associated with natural killer-cell, B-cell and mast-cell infiltration. Significant associations were observed between low KRT15 expression and advanced stage clinicopathological factors, as well as unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that KRT15 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.039; hazard ratio, 0.590; 95% CI, 0.358-0.974). Subgroup prognostic analysis demonstrated that low KRT15 was a reliable predictor of poor OS. Immunohistochemistry of a tissue microarray indicated that positive KRT15 expression rates were significantly higher in normal tissues compared with those in the BRCA tissues. In conclusion, low KRT15 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with BRCA. Thus, KRT15 may serve an important role in BRCA progression and may be used as a promising prognostic marker for diagnostic and prognostic analyses in patients with BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhong
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shu
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Shen
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Laboratory of Herbal Drug Discovery, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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Gatti M, Beretti F, Zavatti M, Bertucci E, Ribeiro Luz S, Palumbo C, Maraldi T. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010038. [PMID: 33375177 PMCID: PMC7792960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Osteoporosis is characterized by defects in both quality and quantity of bone tissue, which imply high susceptibility to fractures with limitations of autonomy. Current therapies for osteoporosis are mostly concentrated on how to inhibit bone resorption but give serious adverse effects. Therefore, more effective and safer therapies are needed that even encourage bone formation. Here we examined the effect of extracellular vesicles secreted by human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) (AFSC-EV) on a model of osteoporosis in vitro. Methods—human AFSC-EV were added to the culture medium of a human pre-osteoblast cell line (HOB) induced to differentiate, and then treated with dexamethasone as osteoporosis inducer. Aspects of differentiation and viability were assessed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and histological assays. Since steroids induce oxidative stress, the levels of reactive oxygen species and of redox related proteins were evaluated. Results—AFSC-EV were able to ameliorate the differentiation ability of HOB both in the case of pre-osteoblasts and when the differentiation process was affected by dexamethasone. Moreover, the viability was increased and parallelly apoptotic markers were reduced. The presence of EV positively modulated the redox unbalance due to dexamethasone. Conclusion—these findings demonstrated that EV from hAFSC have the ability to recover precursor cell potential and delay local bone loss in steroid-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Soraia Ribeiro Luz
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-9422-3178; Fax: +39-05-9422-4859
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Targeting autophagy to overcome drug resistance: further developments. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:159. [PMID: 33239065 PMCID: PMC7687716 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting cell survival and inducing cell death are the main approaches of tumor therapy. Autophagy plays an important role on intracellular metabolic homeostasis by eliminating dysfunctional or unnecessary proteins and damaged or aged cellular organelles to recycle their constituent metabolites that enable the maintenance of cell survival and genetic stability and even promotes the drug resistance, which severely limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Currently, targeting autophagy has a seemingly contradictory effect to suppress and promote tumor survival, which makes the effect of targeting autophagy on drug resistance more confusing and fuzzier. In the review, we summarize the regulation of autophagy by emerging ways, the action of targeting autophagy on drug resistance and some of the new therapeutic approaches to treat tumor drug resistance by interfering with autophagy-related pathways. The full-scale understanding of the tumor-associated signaling pathways and physiological functions of autophagy will hopefully open new possibilities for the treatment of tumor drug resistance and the improvement in clinical outcomes.
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8
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Napoli M, Li X, Ackerman HD, Deshpande AA, Barannikov I, Pisegna MA, Bedrosian I, Mitsch J, Quinlan P, Thompson A, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Marchion DC, Magliocco AM, Tsai KY, Flores ER. Pan-cancer analysis reveals TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs that promote cancer progression through AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5156. [PMID: 33056990 PMCID: PMC7561725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic alterations across multiple human cancers are mutations in TP53 and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, two events crucial for cancer progression. Mutations in TP53 lead to the inhibition of the tumour and metastasis suppressor TAp63, a p53 family member. By performing a mouse-human cross species analysis between the TAp63 metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma mouse model and models of human breast cancer progression, we identified two TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs, TROLL-2 and TROLL-3. Further, using a pan-cancer analysis of human cancers and multiple mouse models of tumour progression, we revealed that these two lncRNAs induce the activation of AKT to promote cancer progression by regulating the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of their effector, WDR26, via the shuttling protein NOLC1. Our data provide preclinical rationale for the implementation of these lncRNAs and WDR26 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of human tumours dependent upon mutant TP53 and/or the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Avani A Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ivan Barannikov
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marlese A Pisegna
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jürgen Mitsch
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Tumour Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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9
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Ambrosio S, Majello B. Autophagy Roles in Genome Maintenance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1793. [PMID: 32635505 PMCID: PMC7407194 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a considerable correlation has emerged between autophagy and genome integrity. A range of mechanisms appear to be involved where autophagy participates in preventing genomic instability, as well as in DNA damage response and cell fate decision. These initial findings have attracted particular attention in the context of malignancy; however, the crosstalk between autophagy and DNA damage response is just beginning to be explored and key questions remain that need to be addressed, to move this area of research forward and illuminate the overall consequence of targeting this process in human therapies. Here we present current knowledge on the complex crosstalk between autophagy and genome integrity and discuss its implications for cancer cell survival and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ambrosio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy;
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80138 Naples, Italy
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10
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Napoli M, Flores ER. The p53 family reaches the final frontier: the variegated regulation of the dark matter of the genome by the p53 family in cancer. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1636-1647. [PMID: 31910062 PMCID: PMC7567494 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1710054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 and its paralogues, p63 and p73, are essential to maintain cellular homoeostasis and the integrity of the cell's genetic material, thus meriting the title of 'guardians of the genome'. The p53 family members are transcription factors and fulfill their activities by controlling the expression of protein-coding and non-coding genes. Here, we review how the latter group transcended from the 'dark matter' of the transcriptome, providing unexpected and intriguing anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
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11
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Napoli M, Flores ER. Another case for diet restriction: TAp73-expressing medulloblastomas are stunted by glutamine withdrawal. Genes Dev 2019; 31:1715-1716. [PMID: 28982757 PMCID: PMC5666670 DOI: 10.1101/gad.306837.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Outlook by Napoli and Flores discusses the study by Niklison-Chirou et al., in which they identify the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a crucial factor causing glutamine addiction in aggressive medulloblastomas. These findings pave the way for the use of glutamine restriction as an adjuvant treatment for TAp73-expressing medulloblastomas. Medulloblastomas are among the most common malignant brain cancers in the pediatric population and consist of at least four distinct subgroups with unique molecular and genetic features and clinical outcomes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Niklison-Chirou and colleagues (pp. 1738–1753) identify the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a crucial factor causing glutamine addiction in aggressive medulloblastomas. Their findings pave the way for the use of glutamine restriction as an adjuvant treatment for TAp73-expressing medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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12
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Datta S, Chakraborty S, Panja C, Ghosh S. Reactive nitrogen species control apoptosis and autophagy in K562 cells: implication of TAp73α induction in controlling autophagy. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:491-506. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1449210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Chiranjit Panja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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13
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Li X, Peterson YK, Inks ES, Himes RA, Li J, Zhang Y, Kong X, Chou CJ. Class I HDAC Inhibitors Display Different Antitumor Mechanism in Leukemia and Prostatic Cancer Cells Depending on Their p53 Status. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2589-2603. [PMID: 29499113 PMCID: PMC5908721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we designed and synthesized a series of o-aminobenzamide-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, among which the representative compound 11a exhibited potent inhibitory activity against class I HDACs. In this study, we report the development of more potent hydrazide-based class I selective HDAC inhibitors using 11a as a lead. Representative compound 13b showed a mixed, slow, and tight binding inhibition mechanism for HDAC1, 2, and 3. The most potent compound 13e exhibited low nanomolar IC50s toward HDAC1, 2, and 3 and could down-regulate HDAC6 in acute myeloid leukemia MV4-11 cells. The EC50 of 13e against MV4-11 cells was 34.7 nM, which is 26 times lower than its parent compound 11a. In vitro responses to 13e vary significantly and interestingly based on cell type: in p53 wild-type MV4-11 cells, 13e induced cell death via apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest, which is likely mediated by a p53-dependent pathway, while in p53-null PC-3 cells, 13e caused G2/M arrest and inhibited cell proliferation without inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Elizabeth S Inks
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Richard A Himes
- Lydex Pharmaceuticals , 330 Concord Street, Unit 6A , Charleston , South Carolina 29401 , United States
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , Shandong 250012 , P. R. China
| | - Xiujie Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , Shandong 250012 , P. R. China
| | - C James Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
- Lydex Pharmaceuticals , 330 Concord Street, Unit 6A , Charleston , South Carolina 29401 , United States
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14
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Mrakovcic M, Fröhlich LF. p53-Mediated Molecular Control of Autophagy in Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E14. [PMID: 29561758 PMCID: PMC6022997 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an indispensable mechanism of the eukaryotic cell, facilitating the removal and renewal of cellular components and thereby balancing the cell's energy consumption and homeostasis. Deregulation of autophagy is now regarded as one of the characteristic key features contributing to the development of tumors. In recent years, the suppression of autophagy in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment has been approached as a novel therapy in cancer treatment. However, depending on the type of cancer and context, interference with the autophagic machinery can either promote or disrupt tumorigenesis. Therefore, disclosure of the major signaling pathways that regulate autophagy and control tumorigenesis is crucial. To date, several tumor suppressor proteins and oncogenes have emerged as eminent regulators of autophagy whose depletion or mutation favor tumor formation. The mammalian cell "janitor" p53 belongs to one of these tumor suppressors that are most commonly mutated in human tumors. Experimental evidence over the last decade convincingly reports that p53 can act as either an activator or an inhibitor of autophagy depending on its subcellular localization and its mode of action. This finding gains particular significance as p53 deficiency or mutant variants of p53 that accumulate in the cytoplasm of tumor cells enable activation of autophagy. Accordingly, we recently identified p53 as a molecular hub that regulates autophagy and apoptosis in histone deacetylase inhibitor-treated uterine sarcoma cells. In light of this novel experimental evidence, in this review, we focus on p53 signaling as a mediator of the autophagic pathway in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mrakovcic
- AG VABOS, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Leopold F Fröhlich
- AG VABOS, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
This outlook discusses Nemajerova et al.’s finding that p73 plays a novel role in regulating motile ciliogenesis and pulmonary function. Multiciliogenesis is essential for the function of different epithelia, and its failure results in brain defects, respiratory diseases, and infertility. In this issue of Genes & Development, Nemajerova and colleagues (pp. 1300–1312) reveal the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a transcription factor dictating the differentiation of multiciliated cells. Their findings provide the long-awaited unifying explanation for the diverse phenotypes of the p73 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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16
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy in Tumor Cells: Implications for p53. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091883. [PMID: 30563957 PMCID: PMC5618532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process of the eukaryotic cell allowing degradation and recycling of dysfunctional cellular components in response to either physiological or pathological changes. Inhibition of autophagy in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment has emerged as a novel approach in cancer treatment leading to cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Suberoyl hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suppressing family members in multiple HDAC classes. Increasing evidence indicates that SAHA and other HDACi can, in addition to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, also promote caspase-independent autophagy. SAHA-induced mTOR inactivation as a major regulator of autophagy activating the remaining autophagic core machinery is by far the most reported pathway in several tumor models. However, the question of which upstream mechanisms regulate SAHA-induced mTOR inactivation that consequently initiate autophagy has been mainly left unexplored. To elucidate this issue, we recently initiated a study clarifying different modes of SAHA-induced cell death in two human uterine sarcoma cell lines which led to the conclusion that the tumor suppressor protein p53 could act as a molecular switch between SAHA-triggered autophagic or apoptotic cell death. In this review, we present current research evidence about HDACi-mediated apoptotic and autophagic pathways, in particular with regard to p53 and its therapeutic implications.
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17
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Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Reza MAN, Shimizu S, Matsubara T, Ohta K. Short-term starvation and realimentation helps stave off Edwardsiella tarda infection in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes replication-competent viruses to kill cancer cells, leaving non-malignant cells unharmed. With the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved OV, dozens of clinical trials ongoing, and an abundance of translational research in the field, OV therapy is poised to be one of the leading treatments for cancer. A number of recombinant OVs expressing a transgene for p53 (TP53) or another p53 family member (TP63 or TP73) were engineered with the goal of generating more potent OVs that function synergistically with host immunity and/or other therapies to reduce or eliminate tumor burden. Such transgenes have proven effective at improving OV therapies, and basic research has shown mechanisms of p53-mediated enhancement of OV therapy, provided optimized p53 transgenes, explored drug-OV combinational treatments, and challenged canonical roles for p53 in virus-host interactions and tumor suppression. This review summarizes studies combining p53 gene therapy with replication-competent OV therapy, reviews preclinical and clinical studies with replication-deficient gene therapy vectors expressing p53 transgene, examines how wild-type p53 and p53 modifications affect OV replication and anti-tumor effects of OV therapy, and explores future directions for rational design of OV therapy combined with p53 gene therapy.
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19
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Maixner N, Bechor S, Vershinin Z, Pecht T, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Rudich A. Transcriptional Dysregulation of Adipose Tissue Autophagy in Obesity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:270-82. [PMID: 27252162 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding how dysregulated autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis of disease. Most frequently, disease states are associated with diminished autophagy, mostly attributed to genetic variation in autophagy genes and/or to dysfunctional posttranscriptional mechanisms. In human adipose tissue (AT), in obesity, expression of autophagy genes is upregulated and autophagy is likely activated, associating with adipose dysfunction. This review explores the emerging role of transcriptional mechanisms regulating AT autophagy in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sapir Bechor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
| | - Zlata Vershinin
- the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
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20
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The p53 family orchestrates the regulation of metabolism: physiological regulation and implications for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:149-155. [PMID: 27884017 PMCID: PMC5243983 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of transcription factors is essential to counteract tumour formation and progression. Although previously this was exclusively associated with the ability of the p53 family to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, an increasing number of reports have now indisputably demonstrated that the tumour suppressive functions of the p53 family members also rely on their ability to control and regulate cellular metabolism and maintain cellular oxidative homeostasis. Here, we review how each p53 family member, including p63 and p73, controls metabolic pathways in physiological conditions, and how these mechanisms could be exploited to provide anticancer therapeutic opportunities.
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21
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Napoli M, Venkatanarayan A, Raulji P, Meyers BA, Norton W, Mangala LS, Sood AK, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Vin H, Duvic M, Tetzlaff MB, Curry JL, Rook AH, Abbas HA, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Tsai KY, Flores ER. ΔNp63/DGCR8-Dependent MicroRNAs Mediate Therapeutic Efficacy of HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:874-888. [PMID: 27300436 PMCID: PMC4908836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63 is an oncogenic member of the p53 family and acts to inhibit the tumor-suppressive activities of the p53 family. By performing a chemical library screen, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as agents reducing ΔNp63 protein stability through the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Fbw7. ΔNp63 inhibition decreases the levels of its transcriptional target, DGCR8, and the maturation of let-7d and miR-128, which we found to be critical for HDACi function in vitro and in vivo. Our work identified Fbw7 as a predictive marker for HDACi response in squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas, and unveiled let-7d and miR-128 as specific targets to bypass tumor resistance to HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Payal Raulji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harina Vin
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael B Tetzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Studying p53 family proteins in yeast: induction of autophagic cell death and modulation by interactors and small molecules. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:164-77. [PMID: 25265062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to individually study human p53, p63 (full length and truncated forms) and p73. Using this cell system, the effect of these proteins on cell proliferation and death, and the influence of MDM2 and MDMX on their activities were analyzed. When expressed in yeast, wild-type p53, TAp63, ΔNp63 and TAp73 induced growth inhibition associated with S-phase cell cycle arrest. This growth inhibition was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, they stimulated rapamycin-induced autophagy. On the contrary, none of the tested p53 family members induced apoptosis either per se or after apoptotic stimuli. As previously reported for p53, also TAp63, ΔNp63 and TAp73 increased actin expression levels and its depolarization, suggesting that ACT1 is also a p63 and p73 putative yeast target gene. Additionally, MDM2 and MDMX inhibited the activity of all tested p53 family members in yeast, although the effect was weaker on TAp63. Moreover, Nutlin-3a and SJ-172550 were identified as potential inhibitors of the p73 interaction with MDM2 and MDMX, respectively. Altogether, the yeast-based assays herein developed can be envisaged as a simplified cell system to study the involvement of p53 family members in autophagy, the modulation of their activities by specific interactors (MDM2 and MDMX), and the potential of new small molecules to modulate these interactions.
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23
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Survival or death: disequilibrating the oncogenic and tumor suppressive autophagy in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e892. [PMID: 24176850 PMCID: PMC3920945 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy (macroautophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process, in which a cell degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the core molecular machinery of autophagy in carcinogenesis; however, the intricate relationship between autophagy and cancer continue to remain an enigma. Why does autophagy have either pro-survival (oncogenic) or pro-death (tumor suppressive) role at different cancer stages, including cancer stem cell, initiation and progression, invasion and metastasis, as well as dormancy? How does autophagy modulate a series of oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive pathways, implicated in microRNA (miRNA) involvement? Whether would targeting the oncogenic and tumor suppressive autophagic network be a novel strategy for drug discovery? To address these problems, we focus on summarizing the dynamic oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of autophagy and their relevant small-molecule drugs, which would provide a new clue to elucidate the oncosuppressive (survival or death) autophagic network as a potential therapeutic target.
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24
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p53 and cell cycle independent dysregulation of autophagy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2434-44. [PMID: 24091621 PMCID: PMC3817336 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of wild-type p53 with the small molecule sirtuin inhibitor Tenovin-6 (Tnv-6) induces p53-dependent apoptosis in many malignant cells. In contrast, Tnv-6 reduces chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cell viability with dysregulation of autophagy, without increasing p53-pathway activity. Methods: Here, we have investigated whether a quiescent phenotype (unique to CLL) determines the Tnv-6 response, by comparing the effects of Tnv-6 on activated and proliferating CLL. We further studied if these responses are p53-dependent. Results: Unlike quiescent cells, cell death in activated cultures treated with Tnv-6 was consistently associated with p53 upregulation. However, p53 acetylation remained unchanged, without caspase-3 cleavage or apoptosis on electron microscopy. Instead, cellular ultrastructure and protein profiles indicated autophagy inhibition, with reduced ubiquitin–proteasome activity. In specimens with mutant TP53 cultured with Tnv-6, changes in the autophagy-associated protein LC3 occurred independently of p53. Cells treated with Tnv-6 analogues lacking sirtuin inhibitory activity had attenuated LC3 lipidation compared with Tnv-6 (P⩽0.01), suggesting that autophagy dysregulation occurs predominantly through an effect on sirtuins. Conclusion: These cell cycle and p53-independent anti-leukaemic mechanisms potentially offer novel therapeutic approaches to target leukaemia-sustaining cells in CLL, including in disease with p53-pathway dysfunction. Whether targets in addition to sirtuins contribute to autophagy dysregulation by Tnv-6, requires further investigation.
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