1
|
Kitagawa R, Niikura Y, Becker A, Houghton PJ, Kitagawa K. EWSR1 maintains centromere identity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112568. [PMID: 37243594 PMCID: PMC10758295 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The centromere is essential for ensuring high-fidelity transmission of chromosomes. CENP-A, the centromeric histone H3 variant, is thought to be the epigenetic mark of centromere identity. CENP-A deposition at the centromere is crucial for proper centromere function and inheritance. Despite its importance, the precise mechanism responsible for maintenance of centromere position remains obscure. Here, we report a mechanism to maintain centromere identity. We demonstrate that CENP-A interacts with EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) and EWSR1-FLI1 (the oncogenic fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma). EWSR1 is required for maintaining CENP-A at the centromere in interphase cells. EWSR1 and EWSR1-FLI1 bind CENP-A through the SYGQ2 region within the prion-like domain, important for phase separation. EWSR1 binds to R-loops through its RNA-recognition motif in vitro. Both the domain and motif are required for maintaining CENP-A at the centromere. Therefore, we conclude that EWSR1 guards CENP-A in centromeric chromatins by binding to centromeric RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kitagawa
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Mays Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA
| | - Yohei Niikura
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Mays Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA
| | - Argentina Becker
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Mays Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Mays Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA
| | - Katsumi Kitagawa
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Mays Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Huang H. Structural basis for H2A-H2B recognitions by human Spt16. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:85-91. [PMID: 36801613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The human facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex, consisting of Spt16 and SSRP1, is a versatile histone chaperone that can engage free H2A-H2B dimer and H3-H4 tetramer (or dimer), and partially unraveled nucleosome. The C-terminal domain of human Spt16 (hSpt16-CTD) is the decisive element for engaging H2A-H2B dimer and partially unraveled nucleosome. The molecular basis of the H2A-H2B dimer recognitions by hSpt16-CTD is not fully comprehended. Here, we present a high-resolution snapshot of the recognitions of the H2A-H2B dimer by hSpt16-CTD via an acidic intrinsically disordered (AID) segment, and reveal some distinct structural features of hSpt16-CTD as compared to the budding yeast Spt16-CTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Biology & Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongda Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Biology & Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Genome-scale RNA interference profiling of Trypanosoma brucei cell cycle progression defects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5326. [PMID: 36088375 PMCID: PMC9464253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids, which include major pathogens of humans and livestock, are flagellated protozoa for which cell cycle controls and the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we describe a genome-wide RNA-interference library screen for cell cycle defects in Trypanosoma brucei. We induced massive parallel knockdown, sorted the perturbed population using high-throughput flow cytometry, deep-sequenced RNAi-targets from each stage and digitally reconstructed cell cycle profiles at a genomic scale; also enabling data visualisation using an online tool ( https://tryp-cycle.pages.dev/ ). Analysis of several hundred genes that impact cell cycle progression reveals >100 flagellar component knockdowns linked to genome endoreduplication, evidence for metabolic control of the G1-S transition, surface antigen regulatory mRNA-binding protein knockdowns linked to G2M accumulation, and a putative nucleoredoxin required for both mitochondrial genome segregation and for mitosis. The outputs provide comprehensive functional genomic evidence for the known and novel machineries, pathways and regulators that coordinate trypanosome cell cycle progression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou D, Wu Z, Park JG, Fiches GN, Li TW, Ma Q, Huang H, Biswas A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Santoso NG, Zhu J. FACT subunit SUPT16H associates with BRD4 and contributes to silencing of interferon signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8700-8718. [PMID: 35904816 PMCID: PMC9410884 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of SUPT16H and SSRP1, and a histone chaperone participating in chromatin remodeling during gene transcription. FACT complex is profoundly regulated, and contributes to both gene activation and suppression. Here we reported that SUPT16H, a subunit of FACT, is acetylated in both epithelial and natural killer (NK) cells. The histone acetyltransferase TIP60 contributes to the acetylation of SUPT16H middle domain (MD) at lysine 674 (K674). Such acetylation of SUPT16H is recognized by bromodomain protein BRD4, which promotes protein stability of SUPT16H in both epithelial and NK cells. We further demonstrated that SUPT16H-BRD4 associates with histone modification enzymes (HDAC1, EZH2), and further regulates their activation status and/or promoter association as well as affects the relevant histone marks (H3ac, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3). BRD4 is known to profoundly regulate interferon (IFN) signaling, while such function of SUPT16H has never been explored. Surprisingly, our results revealed that SUPT16H genetic knockdown via RNAi or pharmacological inhibition by using its inhibitor, curaxin 137 (CBL0137), results in the induction of IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Through this mechanism, depletion or inhibition of SUPT16H is shown to efficiently inhibit infection of multiple viruses, including Zika, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that depletion or inhibition of SUPT16H also causes the remarkable activation of IFN signaling in NK cells, which promotes the NK-mediated killing of virus-infected cells in a co-culture system using human primary NK cells. Overall, our studies unraveled the previously un-appreciated role of FACT complex in coordinating with BRD4 and regulating IFN signaling in both epithelial and NK cells, and also proposed the novel application of the FACT inhibitor CBL0137 to treat viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Guillaume N Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tai-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huachao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Netty G Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wu L, Yuen KWY. The roles of transcription, chromatin organisation and chromosomal processes in holocentromere establishment and maintenance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:79-89. [PMID: 35042676 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is a unique functional region on each eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore assembles and orchestrates microtubule attachment and chromosome segregation. Unlike monocentromeres that occupy a specific region on the chromosome, holocentromeres are diffused along the length of the chromosome. Despite being less common, holocentromeres have been verified in almost 800 nematode, insect, and plant species. Understanding of the molecular and epigenetic regulation of holocentromeres is lagging that of monocentromeres. Here we review how permissive locations for holocentromeres are determined across the genome, potentially by chromatin organisation, transcription, and non-coding RNAs, specifically in the nematode C. elegans. In addition, we discuss how holocentric CENP-A or CENP-T-containing nucleosomes are recruited and deposited, through the help of histone chaperones, licensing factors, and condensin complexes, both during de novo holocentromere establishment, and in each mitotic cell cycle. The process of resolving sister centromeres after DNA replication in holocentric organisms is also mentioned. Conservation and diversity between holocentric and monocentric organisms are highlighted, and outstanding questions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Lillian Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Epigenetics and Genome Stability Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wing Yee Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sridhar S, Fukagawa T. Kinetochore Architecture Employs Diverse Linker Strategies Across Evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862637. [PMID: 35800888 PMCID: PMC9252888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of a functional kinetochore on centromeric chromatin is necessary to connect chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. This connecting function of the kinetochore presents multiple internal and external structural challenges. A microtubule interacting outer kinetochore and centromeric chromatin interacting inner kinetochore effectively confront forces from the external spindle and centromere, respectively. While internally, special inner kinetochore proteins, defined as “linkers,” simultaneously interact with centromeric chromatin and the outer kinetochore to enable association with the mitotic spindle. With the ability to simultaneously interact with outer kinetochore components and centromeric chromatin, linker proteins such as centromere protein (CENP)-C or CENP-T in vertebrates and, additionally CENP-QOkp1-UAme1 in yeasts, also perform the function of force propagation within the kinetochore. Recent efforts have revealed an array of linker pathways strategies to effectively recruit the largely conserved outer kinetochore. In this review, we examine these linkages used to propagate force and recruit the outer kinetochore across evolution. Further, we look at their known regulatory pathways and implications on kinetochore structural diversity and plasticity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Wang H, Yang C, Wu Y, Lei G, Yu Y, Gao Y, Du J, Tong X, Zhou F, Li Y, Wang Y. Investigating CENPW as a Novel Biomarker Correlated With the Development and Poor Prognosis of Breast Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:900111. [PMID: 35783290 PMCID: PMC9247308 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is a carcinoma with a fairly high incidence, and the therapeutic schedules are generally surgery and chemotherapy. However, chemotherapeutic drugs tend to produce serious toxic side effects, which lead to the cessation of treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to develop treatment strategies that are more effective and have fewer side effects at the genetic level. Centromeric protein W (CENPW) is an oncogene that plays an important part in nucleosome assembly. To date, no studies have reported the prognostic significance of CENPW in breast carcinoma. In this study, we verified that CENPW expression is up-regulated in breast carcinoma and positively associated with the level of immune cell infiltration. The clinicopathological characteristics further suggest that CENPW expression is correlated with a worse prognosis of breast carcinoma. Interestingly, the CENPW mutation contributes to the poor prognosis. Next, we discovered that the genes interacting with CENPW are mainly concentrated in the cell cycle pathway, and CENPW is co-expressed with CDCA7, which is also highly expressed in breast carcinoma and leads to a worse prognosis. Our subsequent studies verified that knockdown of CENPW significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration of breast carcinoma cells and promotes their apoptosis rate. Notably, inhibition of CEMPW sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs that have been found to induce cell cycle arrest. In summary, these results provide extensive data and experimental evidence that CENPW can serve as a novel predictor of breast cancer and may act as a prospective therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojie Lei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Zhou, ; Yanchun Li, ; Ying Wang,
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Zhou, ; Yanchun Li, ; Ying Wang,
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Zhou, ; Yanchun Li, ; Ying Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shukla S, Agarwal P, Kumar A. Disordered regions tune order in chromatin organization and function. Biophys Chem 2022; 281:106716. [PMID: 34844028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins or hybrid proteins with ordered domains and disordered regions (both collectively designated as IDP(R)s) defy the well-established structure-function paradigm due to their ability to perform multiple biological functions even in the absence of a well-defined 3D structure. IDP(R)s have a unique ability to exist as a functional heterogeneous ensemble, where they adopt multiple thermodynamically stable conformations with low energy barriers between states. The resultant structural plasticity or conformational adaptability provides them with a high functional diversity and ease of regulation. Hence, IDP(R)s are highly efficient biological machinery to mediate intricate cellular functions such as signaling, gene expression, and assembly of complex structures. One such structure is the nucleoprotein complex known as Chromatin. Interestingly, the proteins involved in shaping up the structure and function of chromatin are abundant in disordered regions, which serve more than just as mere flexible linkers. The disordered regions are involved in crucial processes such as gene expression regulation, chromatin architecture maintenance, and liquid-liquid phase separation initiation. This review is an attempt to explore the advantages and the functional and regulatory roles of intrinsic disorder in several Chromatin Associated Proteins from a mechanistic standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakhar Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elevated Expression of JMJD5 Protein Due to Decreased miR-3656 Levels Contributes to Cancer Stem Cell-like Phenotypes under Overexpression of Cancer Upregulated Gene 2. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010122. [PMID: 35053270 PMCID: PMC8774111 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cancer upregulated gene (CUG) 2 induces cancer stem cell-like phenotypes, such as enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, sphere formation, and doxorubicin resistance. However, the precise mechanism of CUG2-induced oncogenesis remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of overexpression of CUG2 on microRNA levels using a microRNA microarray. Levels of miR-3656 were decreased when CUG2 was overexpressed; on the basis of this result, we further examined the target proteins of this microRNA. We focused on Jumonji C domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5), as it has not been previously reported to be targeted by miR-3656. When CUG2 was overexpressed, JMJD5 expression was upregulated compared to that in control cells. A 3′ untranslated region (UTR) assay revealed that an miR-3656 mimic targeted the JMJD5 3′UTR, but the miR-3656 mimic failed to target a mutant JMJD5 3′UTR, indicating that miR-3656 targets the JMJD5 transcript. Administration of the miR-3656 mimic decreased the protein levels of JMD5 according to Western blotting. Additionally, the miR-3656 mimic decreased CUG2-induced cell migration, evasion, and sphere formation and sensitized the cells to doxorubicin. Suppression of JMJD5, with its small interfering RNA, impeded CUG2-induced cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. Thus, overexpression of CUG2 decreases miR-3656 levels, leading to upregulation of JMJD5, eventually contributing to cancer stem cell-like phenotypes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jeffery D, Lochhead M, Almouzni G. CENP-A: A Histone H3 Variant with Key Roles in Centromere Architecture in Healthy and Diseased States. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:221-261. [PMID: 36348109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are key architectural components of chromosomes. Here, we examine their construction, maintenance, and functionality. Focusing on the mammalian centromere- specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A, we highlight its coevolution with both centromeric DNA and its chaperone, HJURP. We then consider CENP-A de novo deposition and the importance of centromeric DNA recently uncovered with the added value from new ultra-long-read sequencing. We next review how to ensure the maintenance of CENP-A at the centromere throughout the cell cycle. Finally, we discuss the impact of disrupting CENP-A regulation on cancer and cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jeffery
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Marina Lochhead
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, UMR3664, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang YZ, Liu C, Zhao J, Yu J, Luo A, Xiao X, Dou SX, Ma L, Wang PY, Li M, Li G, Yan J, Chen P, Li W. H2A mono-ubiquitination differentiates FACT's functions in nucleosome assembly and disassembly. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:833-846. [PMID: 34951461 PMCID: PMC8789066 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone chaperone FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) plays an essential role in transcription and DNA replication by its dual functions on nucleosome assembly to maintain chromatin integrity and nucleosome disassembly to destabilize nucleosome and facilitate its accessibility simultaneously. Mono-ubiquitination at Lysine 119 of H2A (ubH2A) has been suggested to repress transcription by preventing the recruitment of FACT at early elongation process. However, up to date, how ubH2A directly affects FACT on nucleosome assembly and disassembly remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that the dual functions of FACT are differently regulated by ubH2A. The H2A ubiquitination does not affect FACT’s chaperone function in nucleosome assembly and FACT can deposit ubH2A–H2B dimer on tetrasome to form intact nucleosome. However, ubH2A greatly restricts FACT binding on nucleosome and inhibits its activity of nucleosome disassembly. Interestingly, deubiquitination of ubH2A rescues the nucleosome disassembly function of FACT to activate gene transcription. Our findings provide mechanistic insights of how H2A ubiquitination affects FACT in breaking nucleosome and maintaining its integrity, which sheds light on the biological function of ubH2A and various FACT’s activity under different chromatin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Cuifang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anfeng Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuo-Xing Dou
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Ma
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng-Ye Wang
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ming Li
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Y, Xu R, Ruze R, Yang J, Wang H, Song J, You L, Wang C, Zhao Y. Construction of a prognostic model with histone modification-related genes and identification of potential drugs in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:291. [PMID: 34090418 PMCID: PMC8178883 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal and aggressive disease with its incidence and mortality quite discouraging. An effective prediction model is urgently needed for the accurate assessment of patients’ prognosis to assist clinical decision-making. Methods Gene expression data and clinicopathological data of the samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, random forest screening and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to construct the risk signature. The effectiveness and independence of the model were validated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and survival point graph in training set, test set, TCGA entire set and GSE57495 set. The validity of the core gene was verified by immunohistochemistry and our own independent cohort. Meanwhile, functional enrichment analysis of DEGs between the high and low risk groups revealed the potential biological pathways. Finally, CMap database and drug sensitivity assay were utilized to identify potential small molecular drugs as the risk model-related treatments for PC patients. Results Four histone modification-related genes were identified to establish the risk signature, including CBX8, CENPT, DPY30 and PADI1. The predictive performance of risk signature was validated in training set, test set, TCGA entire set and GSE57495 set, with the areas under ROC curve (AUCs) for 3-year survival were 0.773, 0.729, 0.775 and 0.770 respectively. Furthermore, KM survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis proved it as an independent prognostic factor. Mechanically, functional enrichment analysis showed that the poor prognosis of high-risk population was related to the metabolic disorders caused by inadequate insulin secretion, which was fueled by neuroendocrine aberration. Lastly, a cluster of small molecule drugs were identified with significant potentiality in treating PC patients. Conclusions Based on a histone modification-related gene signature, our model can serve as a reliable prognosis assessment tool and help to optimize the treatment for PC patients. Meanwhile, a cluster of small molecule drugs were also identified with significant potentiality in treating PC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01928-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Formosa T, Winston F. The role of FACT in managing chromatin: disruption, assembly, or repair? Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11929-11941. [PMID: 33104782 PMCID: PMC7708052 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) has long been considered to be a transcription elongation factor whose ability to destabilize nucleosomes promotes RNAPII progression on chromatin templates. However, this is just one function of this histone chaperone, as FACT also functions in DNA replication. While broadly conserved among eukaryotes and essential for viability in many organisms, dependence on FACT varies widely, with some differentiated cells proliferating normally in its absence. It is therefore unclear what the core functions of FACT are, whether they differ in different circumstances, and what makes FACT essential in some situations but not others. Here, we review recent advances and propose a unifying model for FACT activity. By analogy to DNA repair, we propose that the ability of FACT to both destabilize and assemble nucleosomes allows it to monitor and restore nucleosome integrity as part of a system of chromatin repair, in which disruptions in the packaging of DNA are sensed and returned to their normal state. The requirement for FACT then depends on the level of chromatin disruption occurring in the cell, and the cell's ability to tolerate packaging defects. The role of FACT in transcription would then be just one facet of a broader system for maintaining chromatin integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fred Winston
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wong CYY, Lee BCH, Yuen KWY. Epigenetic regulation of centromere function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2899-2917. [PMID: 32008088 PMCID: PMC11105045 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is a specialized region on the chromosome that directs equal chromosome segregation. Centromeres are usually not defined by DNA sequences alone. How centromere formation and function are determined by epigenetics is still not fully understood. Active centromeres are often marked by the presence of centromeric-specific histone H3 variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A). How CENP-A is assembled into the centromeric chromatin during the cell cycle and propagated to the next cell cycle or the next generation to maintain the centromere function has been intensively investigated. In this review, we summarize current understanding of how post-translational modifications of CENP-A and other centromere proteins, centromeric and pericentric histone modifications, non-coding transcription and transcripts contribute to centromere function, and discuss their intricate relationships and potential feedback mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Yan Yu Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard Chi Hang Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Wing Yee Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Huang Z, He S, Chen S. Histone-fold centromere protein W (CENP-W) is associated with the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Bioengineered 2020; 11:729-742. [PMID: 32635817 PMCID: PMC8291794 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1787776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein W (CENP-W), identified as a centromeric component, plays an important role in the cell life cycle. However, how CENPW expression affects biological processes in liver cancer cells remains unknown. In this article, we found that CENPW was overexpressed in liver cancer tissues. Low CENPW expression was correlated with a better prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, compared to high CENPW expression. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot assay showed that CENPW was effectively knocked down in HCC cells using siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited. Cell apoptosis rates were increased. The cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Subsequently, 127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on RNA-seq data. GO and KEGG enrichment and PPI network analysis were performed. The novel DEGs were found and mainly enriched in nucleosome assembly and the complement system. In summary, our study indicated that overexpression of CENPW implied unfavorable prognosis and CENPW might be the potential predictive biomarker in liver cancer. Downregulation of CENPW might inhibit the HCC developmentby regulating the expression of the molecules in nucleosomes and the complement system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Zhou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhechong Zhou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhaoxia Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Suhua He
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China.,Department of Experimental Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bobkov GOM, Huang A, van den Berg SJW, Mitra S, Anselm E, Lazou V, Schunter S, Feederle R, Imhof A, Lusser A, Jansen LET, Heun P. Spt6 is a maintenance factor for centromeric CENP-A. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2919. [PMID: 32522980 PMCID: PMC7287101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication and transcription of genomic DNA requires partial disassembly of nucleosomes to allow progression of polymerases. This presents both an opportunity to remodel the underlying chromatin and a danger of losing epigenetic information. Centromeric transcription is required for stable incorporation of the centromere-specific histone dCENP-A in M/G1 phase, which depends on the eviction of previously deposited H3/H3.3-placeholder nucleosomes. Here we demonstrate that the histone chaperone and transcription elongation factor Spt6 spatially and temporarily coincides with centromeric transcription and prevents the loss of old CENP-A nucleosomes in both Drosophila and human cells. Spt6 binds directly to dCENP-A and dCENP-A mutants carrying phosphomimetic residues alleviate this association. Retention of phosphomimetic dCENP-A mutants is reduced relative to wildtype, while non-phosphorylatable dCENP-A retention is increased and accumulates at the centromere. We conclude that Spt6 acts as a conserved CENP-A maintenance factor that ensures long-term stability of epigenetic centromere identity during transcription-mediated chromatin remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg O M Bobkov
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anming Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastiaan J W van den Berg
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sreyoshi Mitra
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Eduard Anselm
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Vasiliki Lazou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sarah Schunter
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- BioMedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Sciences Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexandra Lusser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars E T Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Patrick Heun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Fan LH, Yue W, Ouyang YC, Wang ZB, Hou Y, Schatten H, Sun QY. CENP-W regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment and meiotic progression of mouse oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:8-14. [PMID: 32446395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation failure and unfaithful chromosome segregation are major causes for female infertility. Here, we showed that CENP-W, a relatively novel member of the kinetochore protein family, was expressed in mouse oocytes from the germinal vesicle (GV) to metaphase II (MII) stages. Confocal microscopy revealed that CENP-W was localized in the germinal vesicle in the GV stage, and then became concentrated on kinetochores during oocyte maturation. Knockdown of CENP-W by specific siRNA injection in vitro caused kinetochore-microtubule detachment, resulting in severely defective spindles and misaligned chromosomes, leading to metaphase I arrest and failure of first polar body (PB1) extrusion. Correspondingly, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation was observed in CENP-W knockdown oocytes even after 10h of culture. Our results suggest that CENP-W acts as a kinetochore protein, which takes part in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, thus mediating the progression of oocyte meiotic maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sankar A, Lerdrup M, Manaf A, Johansen JV, Gonzalez JM, Borup R, Blanshard R, Klungland A, Hansen K, Andersen CY, Dahl JA, Helin K, Hoffmann ER. KDM4A regulates the maternal-to-zygotic transition by protecting broad H3K4me3 domains from H3K9me3 invasion in oocytes. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:380-388. [PMID: 32231309 PMCID: PMC7212036 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The importance of germline-inherited post-translational histone modifications on priming early mammalian development is just emerging1-4. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation is associated with heterochromatin and gene repression during cell-fate change5, whereas histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation marks active gene promoters6. Mature oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent and possess remarkably broad domains of H3K4me3 (bdH3K4me3)1,2. It is unknown which factors contribute to the maintenance of the bdH3K4me3 landscape. Lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) demethylates H3K9me3 at promoters marked by H3K4me3 in actively transcribing somatic cells7. Here, we report that KDM4A-mediated H3K9me3 demethylation at bdH3K4me3 in oocytes is crucial for normal pre-implantation development and zygotic genome activation after fertilization. The loss of KDM4A in oocytes causes aberrant H3K9me3 spreading over bdH3K4me3, resulting in insufficient transcriptional activation of genes, endogenous retroviral elements and chimeric transcripts initiated from long terminal repeats during zygotic genome activation. The catalytic activity of KDM4A is essential for normal epigenetic reprogramming and pre-implantation development. Hence, KDM4A plays a crucial role in preserving the maternal epigenome integrity required for proper zygotic genome activation and transfer of developmental control to the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sankar
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability (CCS), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability (CCS), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adeel Manaf
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Martin Gonzalez
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability (CCS), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Blanshard
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability (CCS), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Hansen
- Biotech Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5712, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability (CCS), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
SSRP1-mediated histone H1 eviction promotes replication origin assembly and accelerated development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1345. [PMID: 32165637 PMCID: PMC7067836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In several metazoans, the number of active replication origins in embryonic nuclei is higher than in somatic ones, ensuring rapid genome duplication during synchronous embryonic cell divisions. High replication origin density can be restored by somatic nuclear reprogramming. However, mechanisms underlying high replication origin density formation coupled to rapid cell cycles are poorly understood. Here, using Xenopus laevis, we show that SSRP1 stimulates replication origin assembly on somatic chromatin by promoting eviction of histone H1 through its N-terminal domain. Histone H1 removal derepresses ORC and MCM chromatin binding, allowing efficient replication origin assembly. SSRP1 protein decays at mid-blastula transition (MBT) when asynchronous somatic cell cycles start. Increasing levels of SSRP1 delay MBT and, surprisingly, accelerate post-MBT cell cycle speed and embryo development. These findings identify a major epigenetic mechanism regulating DNA replication and directly linking replication origin assembly, cell cycle duration and embryo development in vertebrates. During embryonic development, it is vital to maintain rapid genome duplication. Here, the authors shed light on the mechanism by revealing that SSRP1 stimulates replication origin assembly on somatic nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg extract by promoting histone H1 eviction from somatic chromatin.
Collapse
|
20
|
CenH3-Independent Kinetochore Assembly in Lepidoptera Requires CCAN, Including CENP-T. Curr Biol 2020; 30:561-572.e10. [PMID: 32032508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation requires assembly of the multiprotein kinetochore complex at centromeres. In most eukaryotes, kinetochore assembly is primed by the histone H3 variant CenH3 (also called CENP-A), which physically interacts with components of the inner kinetochore constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN). Unexpectedly, regarding its critical function, previous work identified that select eukaryotic lineages, including several insects, have lost CenH3 while having retained homologs of the CCAN. These findings imply alternative CCAN assembly pathways in these organisms that function in CenH3-independent manners. Here we study the composition and assembly of CenH3-deficient kinetochores of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). We show that lepidopteran kinetochores consist of previously identified CCAN homologs as well as additional components, including a divergent CENP-T homolog, that are required for accurate mitotic progression. Our study focuses on CENP-T, which we found to be sufficient to recruit the Mis12 and Ndc80 outer kinetochore complexes. In addition, CRISPR-mediated gene editing in Bombyx mori establishes an essential function of CENP-T in vivo. Finally, the retention of CENP-T and additional CCAN homologs in other independently derived CenH3-deficient insects indicates a conserved mechanism of kinetochore assembly between these lineages. Our study provides the first functional insights into CCAN-based kinetochore assembly pathways that function independently of CenH3, contributing to the emerging picture of an unexpected plasticity to build a kinetochore.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang HW, Nizovtseva EV, Razin SV, Formosa T, Gurova KV, Studitsky VM. Histone Chaperone FACT and Curaxins: Effects on Genome Structure and Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 31853507 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The histone chaperone FACT plays important roles in essentially every chromatin-associated process and is an important indirect target of the curaxin class of anti-cancer drugs. Curaxins are aromatiс compounds that intercalate into DNA and can trap FACT in bulk chromatin, thus interfering with its distribution and its functions in cancer cells. Recent studies have provided mechanistic insight into how FACT and curaxins cooperate to promote unfolding of nucleosomes and chromatin fibers, resulting in genome-wide disruption of contact chromatin domain boundaries, perturbation of higher order chromatin organization, and global disregulation of gene expression. Here, we discuss the implications of these insights for cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Chang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Nizovtseva
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA
| | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 34/5 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.,Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tim Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton St, Buffalo, NY14263, USA
| | - Vasily M Studitsky
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA.,Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duda Z, Trusiak S, O'Neill R. Centromere Transcription: Means and Motive. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 56:257-281. [PMID: 28840241 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The chromosome biology field at large has benefited from studies of the cell cycle components, protein cascades and genomic landscape that are required for centromere identity, assembly and stable transgenerational inheritance. Research over the past 20 years has challenged the classical descriptions of a centromere as a stable, unmutable, and transcriptionally silent chromosome component. Instead, based on studies from a broad range of eukaryotic species, including yeast, fungi, plants, and animals, the centromere has been redefined as one of the more dynamic areas of the eukaryotic genome, requiring coordination of protein complex assembly, chromatin assembly, and transcriptional activity in a cell cycle specific manner. What has emerged from more recent studies is the realization that the transcription of specific types of nucleic acids is a key process in defining centromere integrity and function. To illustrate the transcriptional landscape of centromeres across eukaryotes, we focus this review on how transcripts interact with centromere proteins, when in the cell cycle centromeric transcription occurs, and what types of sequences are being transcribed. Utilizing data from broadly different organisms, a picture emerges that places centromeric transcription as an integral component of centromere function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Duda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sarah Trusiak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Rachel O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu W, He K, Guo Q, Chen J, Zhang M, Huang K, Yang D, Wu L, Deng Y, Luo X, Yu H, Ding Q, Xiang G. SSRP1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and is negatively regulated by miR-28-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3118-3129. [PMID: 30762286 PMCID: PMC6484412 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, microarray data analysis, real‐time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of SSRP1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and in corresponding normal tissue. The association between structure‐specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) expression and patient prognosis was examined by Kaplan‐Meier analysis. SSRP1 was knocked down and overexpressed in CRC cell lines, and its effects on proliferation, cell cycling, migration, invasion, cellular energy metabolism, apoptosis, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and cell phenotype‐related molecules were assessed. The growth of xenograft tumours in nude mice was also assessed. MiRNAs that potentially targeted SSRP1 were determined by bioinformatic analysis, Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. We showed that SSRP1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in CRC tissue. We also confirmed that this upregulation was related to the terminal tumour stage in CRC patients, and high expression levels of SSRP1 predicted shorter disease‐free survival and faster relapse. We also found that SSRP1 modulated proliferation, metastasis, cellular energy metabolism and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in CRC. Furthermore, SSRP1 induced apoptosis and SSRP1 knockdown augmented the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin. Moreover, we explored the molecular mechanisms accounting for the dysregulation of SSRP1 in CRC and identified microRNA‐28‐5p (miR‐28‐5p) as a direct upstream regulator of SSRP1. We concluded that SSRP1 promotes CRC progression and is negatively regulated by miR‐28‐5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ke He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Qian Guo
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Department of orthopedics, The Airborne Military Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qianshan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ohzeki J, Larionov V, Earnshaw WC, Masumoto H. De novo formation and epigenetic maintenance of centromere chromatin. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 58:15-25. [PMID: 30654232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is essential for cell proliferation. The centromere is a specialized chromosomal locus, on which the kinetochore structure is formed. The centromere/kinetochore is required for the equal separation of sister chromatids to daughter cells. Here, we review recent findings on centromere-specific chromatin, including its constitutive protein components, its de novo formation and maintenance mechanisms, and our progress in analyses with synthetic human artificial chromosomes (HACs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Genome Structure and Function Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Smurova K, De Wulf P. Centromere and Pericentromere Transcription: Roles and Regulation … in Sickness and in Health. Front Genet 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 30627137 PMCID: PMC6309819 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal loci known as centromeres (CEN) mediate the equal distribution of the duplicated genome between both daughter cells. Specifically, centromeres recruit a protein complex named the kinetochore, that bi-orients the replicated chromosome pairs to the mitotic or meiotic spindle structure. The paired chromosomes are then separated, and the individual chromosomes segregate in opposite direction along the regressing spindle into each daughter cell. Erroneous kinetochore assembly or activity produces aneuploid cells that contain an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy may incite cell death, developmental defects (including genetic syndromes), and cancer (>90% of all cancer cells are aneuploid). While kinetochores and their activities have been preserved through evolution, the CEN DNA sequences have not. Hence, to be recognized as sites for kinetochore assembly, CEN display conserved structural themes. In addition, CEN nucleosomes enclose a CEN-exclusive variant of histone H3, named CENP-A, and carry distinct epigenetic labels on CENP-A and the other CEN histone proteins. Through the cell cycle, CEN are transcribed into non-coding RNAs. After subsequent processing, they become key components of the CEN chromatin by marking the CEN locus and by stably anchoring the CEN-binding kinetochore proteins. CEN transcription is tightly regulated, of low intensity, and essential for differentiation and development. Under- or overexpression of CEN transcripts, as documented for myriad cancers, provoke chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. CEN are genetically stable and fully competent only when they are insulated from the surrounding, pericentromeric chromatin, which must be silenced. We will review CEN transcription and its contribution to faithful kinetochore function. We will further discuss how pericentromeric chromatin is silenced by RNA processing and transcriptionally repressive chromatin marks. We will report on the transcriptional misregulation of (peri)centromeres during stress, natural aging, and disease and reflect on whether their transcripts can serve as future diagnostic tools and anti-cancer targets in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Smurova
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Peter De Wulf
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suggs BZ, Latham AL, Dawes AT, Chamberlin HM. FACT complex gene duplicates exhibit redundant and non-redundant functions in C. elegans. Dev Biol 2018; 444:71-82. [PMID: 30336114 PMCID: PMC6310015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) is a histone chaperone complex important in genomic processes including transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. FACT is composed of two proteins, SSRP1 and SPT16, which are highly conserved across eukaryotes. While the mechanisms for FACT in nucleosome reorganization and its relationship to DNA processes is well established, how these roles impact coordination in multicellular animal development are less well understood. Here we characterize the genes encoding FACT complex proteins in the nematode C. elegans. We show that whereas C. elegans includes one SPT16 gene (spt-16), two genes (hmg-3 and hmg-4) encode SSRP1 proteins. Depletion of FACT complex genes interferes with embryonic cell division and cell cycle timing generally, with anterior pharynx development especially sensitive to these defects. hmg-3 and hmg-4 exhibit redundancy for these maternally-provided embryonic functions, but are each uniquely required zygotically for normal germline development. This work provides a framework to study FACT gene function in developmental processes, and identifies that distinct functional requirements for gene duplicates can be manifest within a single tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Z Suggs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Aislinn L Latham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Adriana T Dawes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, United States; Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kozlova AL, Valieva ME, Maluchenko NV, Studitsky VM. HMGB Proteins as DNA Chaperones That Modulate Chromatin Activity. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
28
|
Chen P, Dong L, Hu M, Wang YZ, Xiao X, Zhao Z, Yan J, Wang PY, Reinberg D, Li M, Li W, Li G. Functions of FACT in Breaking the Nucleosome and Maintaining Its Integrity at the Single-Nucleosome Level. Mol Cell 2018; 71:284-293.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Bobkov GOM, Gilbert N, Heun P. Centromere transcription allows CENP-A to transit from chromatin association to stable incorporation. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1957-1972. [PMID: 29626011 PMCID: PMC5987708 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How transcription contributes to the loading of the centromere histone CENP-A is unclear. Bobkov et al. report that transcription-mediated chromatin remodeling enables the transition of centromeric CENP-A from chromatin association to full nucleosome incorporation. Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation and are specified epigenetically by the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A. In flies and humans, replenishment of the centromeric mark is uncoupled from DNA replication and requires the removal of H3 “placeholder” nucleosomes. Although transcription at centromeres has been previously linked to the loading of new CENP-A, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells to show that centromeric presence of actively transcribing RNA polymerase II temporally coincides with de novo deposition of dCENP-A. Using a newly developed dCENP-A loading system that is independent of acute transcription, we found that short inhibition of transcription impaired dCENP-A incorporation into chromatin. Interestingly, initial targeting of dCENP-A to centromeres was unaffected, revealing two stability states of newly loaded dCENP-A: a salt-sensitive association with the centromere and a salt-resistant chromatin-incorporated form. This suggests that transcription-mediated chromatin remodeling is required for the transition of dCENP-A to fully incorporated nucleosomes at the centromere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg O M Bobkov
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nick Gilbert
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Patrick Heun
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McCullough LL, Connell Z, Xin H, Studitsky VM, Feofanov AV, Valieva ME, Formosa T. Functional roles of the DNA-binding HMGB domain in the histone chaperone FACT in nucleosome reorganization. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29514976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) promotes both nucleosome assembly and disassembly. FACT is a heterodimer of Spt16 with either SSRP1 or Pob3, differing primarily by the presence of a high-mobility group B (HMGB) DNA-binding domain furnished only by SSRP1. Yeast FACT lacks the intrinsic HMGB domain found in SSRP1-based homologs such as human FACT, but yeast FACT activity is supported by Nhp6, which is a freestanding, single HMGB-domain protein. The importance of histone binding by FACT domains has been established, but the roles of DNA-binding activity remain poorly understood. Here, we examined these roles by fusing single or multiple HMGB modules to Pob3 to mimic SSRP1 or to test the effects of extended DNA-binding capacity. Human FACT and a yeast mimic both required Nhp6 to support nucleosome reorganization in vitro, indicating that a single intrinsic DNA-binding HMGB module is insufficient for full FACT activity. Three fused HMGB modules supported activity without Nhp6 assistance, but this FACT variant did not efficiently release from nucleosomes and was toxic in vivo Notably, intrinsic DNA-binding HMGB modules reduced the DNA accessibility and histone H2A-H2B dimer loss normally associated with nucleosome reorganization. We propose that DNA bending by HMGB domains promotes nucleosome destabilization and reorganization by exposing FACT's histone-binding sites, but DNA bending also produces DNA curvature needed to accommodate nucleosome assembly. Intrinsic DNA-bending activity therefore favors nucleosome assembly by FACT over nucleosome reorganization, but excessive activity impairs FACT release, suggesting a quality control checkpoint during nucleosome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L McCullough
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Zaily Connell
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Hua Xin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Vasily M Studitsky
- the Biology Faculty, Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russia.,the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111
| | - Alexey V Feofanov
- the Biology Faculty, Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russia.,the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia, and
| | - Maria E Valieva
- the Biology Faculty, Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Tim Formosa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leonova K, Safina A, Nesher E, Sandlesh P, Pratt R, Burkhart C, Lipchick B, Gitlin I, Frangou C, Koman I, Wang J, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya MG, Gudkov AV, Gurova K. TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon) in response to chromatin destabilization induced by small molecules in mammalian cells. eLife 2018; 7:e30842. [PMID: 29400649 PMCID: PMC5815852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses to the loss of genomic stability are well-established, while how mammalian cells respond to chromatin destabilization is largely unknown. We previously found that DNA demethylation on p53-deficient background leads to transcription of repetitive heterochromatin elements, followed by an interferon response, a phenomenon we named TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon). Here, we report that curaxin, an anticancer small molecule, destabilizing nucleosomes via disruption of histone/DNA interactions, also induces TRAIN. Furthermore, curaxin inhibits oncogene-induced transformation and tumor growth in mice in an interferon-dependent manner, suggesting that anticancer activity of curaxin, previously attributed to p53-activation and NF-kappaB-inhibition, may also involve induction of interferon response to epigenetic derepression of the cellular 'repeatome'. Moreover, we observed that another type of drugs decondensing chromatin, HDAC inhibitor, also induces TRAIN. Thus, we proposed that TRAIN may be one of the mechanisms ensuring epigenetic integrity of mammalian cells via elimination of cells with desilenced chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Poorva Sandlesh
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Rachel Pratt
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | - Brittany Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ilya Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Costakis Frangou
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hung CY, Volkmar B, Baker JD, Bauer JW, Gussoni E, Hainzl S, Klausegger A, Lorenzo J, Mihalek I, Rittinger O, Tekin M, Dallman JE, Bodamer OA. A defect in the inner kinetochore protein CENPT causes a new syndrome of severe growth failure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189324. [PMID: 29228025 PMCID: PMC5724856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial growth failure has been linked to defects in the biology of cell division and replication. The complex processes involved in microtubule spindle formation, organization and function have emerged as a dominant patho-mechanism in these conditions. The majority of reported disease genes encode for centrosome and centriole proteins, leaving kinetochore proteins by which the spindle apparatus interacts with the chromosomes largely unaccounted for. We report a novel disease gene encoding the constitutive inner kinetochore member CENPT, which is involved in kinetochore targeting and assembly, resulting in severe growth failure in two siblings of a consanguineous family. We herein present studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that explain how genetic mutations in this gene lead to primordial growth failure. In both, affected human cell lines and a zebrafish knock-down model of Cenpt, we observed aberrations in cell division with abnormal accumulation of micronuclei and of nuclei with increased DNA content arising from incomplete and/or irregular chromosomal segregation. Our studies underscore the critical importance of kinetochore function for overall body growth and provide new insight into the cellular mechanisms implicated in the spectrum of these severe growth disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y. Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Volkmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - James D. Baker
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johann W. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, EB House Austria, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology, EB House Austria, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfred Klausegger
- Department of Dermatology, EB House Austria, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jose Lorenzo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivana Mihalek
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olaf Rittinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Olaf A. Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schalch T, Steiner FA. Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture. Chromosoma 2017; 126:443-455. [PMID: 27858158 PMCID: PMC5509776 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is essential for the segregation of chromosomes, as it serves as attachment site for microtubules to mediate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In most organisms, the centromere is restricted to one chromosomal region that appears as primary constriction on the condensed chromosome and is partitioned into two chromatin domains: The centromere core is characterized by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A (also called cenH3) and is required for specifying the centromere and for building the kinetochore complex during mitosis. This core region is generally flanked by pericentric heterochromatin, characterized by nucleosomes containing H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me) that are bound by heterochromatin proteins. During mitosis, these two domains together form a three-dimensional structure that exposes CENP-A-containing chromatin to the surface for interaction with the kinetochore and microtubules. At the same time, this structure supports the tension generated during the segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles. In this review, we discuss recent insight into the characteristics of the centromere, from the specialized chromatin structures at the centromere core and the pericentromere to the three-dimensional organization of these regions that make up the functional centromere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schalch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florian A Steiner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Warren C, Shechter D. Fly Fishing for Histones: Catch and Release by Histone Chaperone Intrinsically Disordered Regions and Acidic Stretches. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2401-2426. [PMID: 28610839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is the complex of eukaryotic DNA and proteins required for the efficient compaction of the nearly 2-meter-long human genome into a roughly 10-micron-diameter cell nucleus. The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: 147bp of DNA wrapped about an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes are stable enough to organize the genome yet must be dynamically displaced and reassembled to allow access to the underlying DNA for transcription, replication, and DNA damage repair. Histone chaperones are a non-catalytic group of proteins that are central to the processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly and thus the fluidity of the ever-changing chromatin landscape. Histone chaperones are responsible for binding the highly basic histone proteins, shielding them from non-specific interactions, facilitating their deposition onto DNA, and aiding in their eviction from DNA. Although most histone chaperones perform these common functions, recent structural studies of many different histone chaperones reveal that there are few commonalities in their folds. Importantly, sequence-based predictions show that histone chaperones are highly enriched in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and acidic stretches. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning histone binding, selectivity, and regulation of these highly dynamic protein regions. We highlight new evidence suggesting that IDRs are often critical for histone chaperone function and play key roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moreno-Moreno O, Torras-Llort M, Azorín F. Variations on a nucleosome theme: The structural basis of centromere function. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28220502 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure that dictates kinetochore assembly and, thus, is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Centromere identity is determined epigenetically by the presence of a centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A, that replaces canonical H3 in centromeric chromatin. Here, we discuss recent work by Roulland et al. that identifies structural elements of the nucleosome as essential determinants of centromere function. In particular, CENP-A nucleosomes have flexible DNA ends due to the short αN helix of CENP-A. The higher flexibility of the DNA ends of centromeric nucleosomes impairs binding of linker histones H1, while it facilitates binding of other essential centromeric proteins, such as CENP-C, and is required for mitotic fidelity. This work extends previous observations indicating that the differential structural properties of CENP-A nucleosomes are on the basis of its contribution to centromere identity and function. Here, we discuss the implications of this work and the questions arising from it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Moreno-Moreno
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Torras-Llort
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Azorín
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Centromeric chromatin undergoes major changes in composition and architecture during each cell cycle. These changes in specialized chromatin facilitate kinetochore formation in mitosis to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Thus, proper orchestration of centromeric chromatin dynamics during interphase, including replication in S phase, is crucial. We provide the current view concerning the centromeric architecture associated with satellite repeat sequences in mammals and its dynamics during the cell cycle. We summarize the contributions of deposited histone variants and their chaperones, other centromeric components - including proteins and their post-translational modifications, and RNAs - and we link the expression and deposition timing of each component during the cell cycle. Because neocentromeres occur at ectopic sites, we highlight how cell cycle processes can go wrong, leading to neocentromere formation and potentially disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3664, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3664, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Musacchio A, Desai A. A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E5. [PMID: 28125021 PMCID: PMC5371998 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores also control feedback mechanisms responsible for the correction of incorrect microtubule attachments, and for the coordination of chromosome attachment with cell cycle progression. Finally, kinetochores contribute to their own preservation, across generations, at the specific chromosomal loci devoted to host them, the centromeres. They achieve this in most species by exploiting an epigenetic, DNA-sequence-independent mechanism; notable exceptions are budding yeasts where a specific sequence is associated with centromere function. In the last 15 years, extensive progress in the elucidation of the composition of the kinetochore and the identification of various physical and functional modules within its substructure has led to a much deeper molecular understanding of kinetochore organization and the origins of its functional output. Here, we provide a broad summary of this progress, focusing primarily on kinetochores of humans and budding yeast, while highlighting work from other models, and present important unresolved questions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hara M, Fukagawa T. Critical Foundation of the Kinetochore: The Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN). PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 56:29-57. [PMID: 28840232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore is a large protein complex, which is assembled at the centromere of a chromosome to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during M-phase. The centromere in most eukaryotes is epigenetically specified by DNA sequence-independent mechanisms. The constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) is a subcomplex in the kinetochore that localizes to the centromere throughout the cell cycle. The CCAN has interfaces bound to the centromeric chromatin and the spindle microtubule-binding complex; therefore, it functions as a foundation of kinetochore formation. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the structure and organization of the CCAN. We also discuss an additional role of the CCAN in the maintenance of centromere position and dynamic reorganization of the CCAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hara
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murawska M, Ladurner AG. CENPs and Sweet Nucleosomes Face the FACT. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:736-738. [PMID: 27499233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones mediate vital interactions between histones and DNA during chromatin assembly and reorganization. Two recent studies reveal novel substrates for the essential and conserved histone chaperone FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT). Prendergast et al. show that FACT helps deposit important histone-fold proteins on centromeres. Raj et al. find that FACT preferentially binds O-GlcNAcylated nucleosomes, suggesting that FACT may contribute to nutrient-regulated cellular programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Murawska
- Biomedical Center, Physiological Chemistry, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Street 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Biomedical Center, Physiological Chemistry, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Street 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|