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Tang T, Pei M, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Lu Y, Yu XQ, Wen L, Hu Q. Functional Analysis of Forkhead Transcription Factor Fd59a in the Spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2024; 15:480. [PMID: 39057213 PMCID: PMC11277555 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is critical for insect reproduction and is regulated by many different genes. In this study, we found that Forkhead transcription factor Fd59a functions as a key factor in the spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Fd59a contains a conversed Forkhead domain, and it is clustered to the FoxD subfamily with other FoxD members from some insect and vertebrate species. Mutations in Fd59a caused swelling in the apical region of the testis. More importantly, fewer mature sperm were present in the seminal vesicle of Fd59a mutant flies compared to the control flies, and the fertility of Fd59a2/2 mutant males was significantly lower than that of the control flies. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the homeostasis of the testis stem cell niche in Fd59a2/2 mutant and Fd59a RNAi flies was disrupted and the apoptosis of sperm bundles was increased. Furthermore, results from RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR suggested that Fd59a can regulate the expression of genes related to reproductive process and cell death. Taken together, our results indicated that Fd59a plays a key role in the spermatogenesis of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Mengyuan Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yanhong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yingshan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yuzhen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Liang Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qihao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (T.T.); (M.P.); (Y.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
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2
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Wang Y, Tang X, Lu J. Convergent and divergent evolution of microRNA-mediated regulation in metazoans. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:525-545. [PMID: 37987240 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied extensively to understand their roles in gene regulation and evolutionary processes. This review focuses on how miRNA-mediated regulation has evolved in bilaterian animals, highlighting both convergent and divergent evolution. Since animals and plants display significant differences in miRNA biogenesis and target recognition, the 'independent origin' hypothesis proposes that miRNA pathways in these groups independently evolved from the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, leading to modern miRNA repertoires through convergent evolution. However, recent evidence raises the alternative possibility that the miRNA pathway might have already existed in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes, and that the differences in miRNA pathway and miRNA repertoires among animal and plant lineages arise from lineage-specific innovations and losses of miRNA pathways, miRNA acquisition, and loss of miRNAs after eukaryotic divergence. The repertoire of miRNAs has considerably expanded during bilaterian evolution, primarily through de novo creation and duplication processes, generating new miRNAs. Although ancient functionally established miRNAs are rarely lost, many newly emerged miRNAs are transient and lineage specific, following a birth-death evolutionary pattern aligning with the 'out-of-the-testis' and 'transcriptional control' hypotheses. Our focus then shifts to the convergent molecular evolution of miRNAs. We summarize how miRNA clustering and seed mimicry contribute to this phenomenon, and we review how miRNAs from different sources converge to degrade maternal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during animal development. Additionally, we describe how miRNAs evolve across species due to changes in sequence, seed shifting, arm switching, and spatiotemporal expression patterns, which can result in variations in target sites among orthologous miRNAs across distant strains or species. We also provide a summary of the current understanding regarding how the target sites of orthologous miRNAs can vary across strains or distantly related species. Although many paralogous miRNAs retain their seed or mature sequences after duplication, alterations can occur in the seed or mature sequences or expression patterns of paralogous miRNAs, leading to functional diversification. We discuss our current understanding of the functional divergence between duplicated miRNAs, and illustrate how the functional diversification of duplicated miRNAs impacts target site evolution. By investigating these topics, we aim to enhance our current understanding of the functions and evolutionary dynamics of miRNAs. Additionally, we shed light on the existing challenges in miRNA evolutionary studies, particularly the complexity of deciphering the role of miRNA-mediated regulatory network evolution in shaping gene expression divergence and phenotypic differences among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaolu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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Maniates KA, Singson A. Where are all the egg genes? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1107312. [PMID: 36819103 PMCID: PMC9936096 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary forward and reverse genetic approaches in several model systems have resulted in a recent burst of fertilization gene discovery. The number of genetically validated gamete surface molecules have more than doubled in the last few years. All the genetically validated sperm fertilization genes encode transmembrane or secreted molecules. Curiously, the discovery of genes that encode oocyte molecules have fallen behind that of sperm genes. This review discusses potential experimental biases and inherent biological reasons that could slow egg fertilization gene discovery. Finally, we shed light on current strategies to identify genes that may result in further identification of egg fertilization genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maniates
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Bhardwaj A, Sohni A, Lou CH, De Gendt K, Zhang F, Kim E, Subbarayalu P, Chan W, Kerkhofs S, Claessens F, Kimmins S, Rao MK, Meistrich M, Wilkinson MF. Concordant Androgen-Regulated Expression of Divergent Rhox5 Promoters in Sertoli Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6432187. [PMID: 34902009 PMCID: PMC8667857 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concordant transcriptional regulation can generate multiple gene products that collaborate to achieve a common goal. Here we report a case of concordant transcriptional regulation that instead drives a single protein to be produced in the same cell type from divergent promoters. This gene product-the RHOX5 homeobox transcription factor-is translated from 2 different mRNAs with different 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) transcribed from alternative promoters. Despite the fact that these 2 promoters-the proximal promoter (Pp) and the distal promoter (Pd)-exhibit different patterns of tissue-specific activity, share no obvious sequence identity, and depend on distinct transcription factors for expression, they exhibit a remarkably similar expression pattern in the testes. In particular, both depend on androgen signaling for expression in the testes, where they are specifically expressed in Sertoli cells and have a similar stage-specific expression pattern during the seminiferous epithelial cycle. We report evidence for 3 mechanisms that collaborate to drive concordant Pp/Pd expression. First, both promoters have an intrinsic ability to respond to androgen receptor and androgen. Second, the Pp acts as an enhancer to promote androgen-dependent transcription from the Pd. Third, Pd transcription is positively autoregulated by the RHOX5 protein, which is first produced developmentally from the Pp. Together, our data support a model in which the Rhox5 homeobox gene evolved multiple mechanisms to activate both of its promoters in Sertoli cells to produce Rhox5 in an androgen-dependent manner during different phases of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Sohni
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Chih-Hong Lou
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Karel De Gendt
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N1, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fanmao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunah Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Panneerdoss Subbarayalu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas HealthSan Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Waikin Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Frank Claessens
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N1, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Animal Sciences, McGill UniversityMontreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas HealthSan Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Marvin Meistrich
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: M. F. Wilkinson, PhD, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA. . Previous Affiliation: Miles F. Wilkinson’s previous affiliation is Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Schroeder CM, Tomlin SA, Mejia Natividad I, Valenzuela JR, Young JM, Malik HS. An actin-related protein that is most highly expressed in Drosophila testes is critical for embryonic development. eLife 2021; 10:71279. [PMID: 34282725 PMCID: PMC8291977 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most actin-related proteins (Arps) are highly conserved and carry out well-defined cellular functions in eukaryotes. However, many lineages like Drosophila and mammals encode divergent non-canonical Arps whose roles remain unknown. To elucidate the function of non-canonical Arps, we focus on Arp53D, which is highly expressed in testes and retained throughout Drosophila evolution. We show that Arp53D localizes to fusomes and actin cones, two germline-specific actin structures critical for sperm maturation, via a unique N-terminal tail. Surprisingly, we find that male fertility is not impaired upon Arp53D loss, yet population cage experiments reveal that Arp53D is required for optimal fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. To reconcile these findings, we focus on Arp53D function in ovaries and embryos where it is only weakly expressed. We find that under heat stress Arp53D-knockout (KO) females lay embryos with reduced nuclear integrity and lower viability; these defects are further exacerbated in Arp53D-KO embryos. Thus, despite its relatively recent evolution and primarily testis-specific expression, non-canonical Arp53D is required for optimal embryonic development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Schroeder
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Sarah A Tomlin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Isabel Mejia Natividad
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - John R Valenzuela
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Janet M Young
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Harmit S Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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Auboeuf D. The Physics-Biology continuum challenges darwinism: Evolution is directed by the homeostasis-dependent bidirectional relation between genome and phenotype. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 167:121-139. [PMID: 34097984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The physics-biology continuum relies on the fact that life emerged from prebiotic molecules. Here, I argue that life emerged from the coupling between nucleic acid and protein synthesis during which proteins (or proto-phenotypes) maintained the physicochemical parameter equilibria (or proto-homeostasis) in the proximity of their encoding nucleic acids (or proto-genomes). This protected the proto-genome physicochemical integrity (i.e., atomic composition) from environmental physicochemical constraints, and therefore increased the probability of reproducing the proto-genome without variation. From there, genomes evolved depending on the biological activities they generated in response to environmental fluctuations. Thus, a genome maintaining homeostasis (i.e., internal physicochemical parameter equilibria), despite and in response to environmental fluctuations, maintains its physicochemical integrity and has therefore a higher probability to be reproduced without variation. Consequently, descendants have a higher probability to share the same phenotype than their parents. Otherwise, the genome is modified during replication as a consequence of the imbalance of the internal physicochemical parameters it generates, until new mutation-deriving biological activities maintain homeostasis in offspring. In summary, evolution depends on feedforward and feedback loops between genome and phenotype, as the internal physicochemical conditions that a genome generates ─ through its derived phenotype in response to environmental fluctuations ─ in turn either guarantee its stability or direct its variation. Evolution may not be explained by the Darwinism-derived, unidirectional principle (random mutations-phenotypes-natural selection) but rather by the bidirectional relationship between genome and phenotype, in which the phenotype in interaction with the environment directs the evolution of the genome it derives from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Auboeuf
- ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée D'Italie, Site Jacques Monod, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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7
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McCartney AM, Hyland EM, Cormican P, Moran RJ, Webb AE, Lee KD, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Prado-Martinez J, Creevey CJ, Aspden JL, McInerney JO, Marques-Bonet T, O'Connell MJ. Gene Fusions Derived by Transcriptional Readthrough are Driven by Segmental Duplication in Human. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2678-2690. [PMID: 31400206 PMCID: PMC6764479 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusion occurs when two or more individual genes with independent open reading frames becoming juxtaposed under the same open reading frame creating a new fused gene. A small number of gene fusions described in detail have been associated with novel functions, for example, the hominid-specific PIPSL gene, TNFSF12, and the TWE-PRIL gene family. We use Sequence Similarity Networks and species level comparisons of great ape genomes to identify 45 new genes that have emerged by transcriptional readthrough, that is, transcription-derived gene fusion. For 35 of these putative gene fusions, we have been able to assess available RNAseq data to determine whether there are reads that map to each breakpoint. A total of 29 of the putative gene fusions had annotated transcripts (9/29 of which are human-specific). We carried out RT-qPCR in a range of human tissues (placenta, lung, liver, brain, and testes) and found that 23 of the putative gene fusion events were expressed in at least one tissue. Examining the available ribosome foot-printing data, we find evidence for translation of three of the fused genes in human. Finally, we find enrichment for transcription-derived gene fusions in regions of known segmental duplication in human. Together, our results implicate chromosomal structural variation brought about by segmental duplication with the emergence of novel transcripts and translated protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M McCartney
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edel M Hyland
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cormican
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Raymond J Moran
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Webb
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Kate D Lee
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | - Javier Prado-Martinez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - Julie L Aspden
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - James O McInerney
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.,NAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Uno T, Ozakiya Y, Furutani M, Sakamoto K, Uno Y, Kajiwara H, Kanamaru K, Mizoguchi A. Functional characterization of insect-specific RabX6 of Bombyx mori. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:187-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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