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Guo S, Hu X, Cotton JL, Ma L, Li Q, Cui J, Wang Y, Thakare RP, Tao Z, Ip YT, Wu X, Wang J, Mao J. VGLL2 and TEAD1 fusion proteins drive YAP/TAZ-independent transcription and tumorigenesis by engaging p300. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.592016. [PMID: 38746415 PMCID: PMC11092657 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Studies on Hippo pathway regulation of tumorigenesis largely center on YAP and TAZ, the transcriptional co-regulators of TEAD. Here, we present an oncogenic mechanism involving VGLL and TEAD fusions that is Hippo pathway-related but YAP/TAZ-independent. We characterize two recurrent fusions, VGLL2-NCOA2 and TEAD1-NCOA2, recently identified in spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. We demonstrate that, in contrast to VGLL2 and TEAD1, the fusion proteins are strong activators of TEAD-dependent transcription, and their function does not require YAP/TAZ. Furthermore, we identify that VGLL2 and TEAD1 fusions engage specific epigenetic regulation by recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 to control TEAD-mediated transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes. We showed that small molecule p300 inhibition can suppress fusion proteins-induced oncogenic transformation both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study reveals a molecular basis for VGLL involvement in cancer and provides a framework for targeting tumors carrying VGLL, TEAD, or NCOA translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, P. R., 200030, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, P. R., 200030, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Jiangtao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, P. R., 200030, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, P. R., 200030, China
| | - Ritesh P. Thakare
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Y. Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, P. R., 200030, China
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
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2
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Tsuchihashi K, Baba E. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-its history, clinical features, molecular biology and current therapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024:hyae037. [PMID: 38555494 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a remarkably rare tumor arising from endothelial cells that is classified as a vascular tumor in the WHO classification. The tumor is predominantly characterized by the presence of fusion genes, such as WWTR1-CAMTA1 or YAP1-TFE3, with a minority of cases exhibiting other rare fusion genes. EHE exhibits a broad age of onset, typically presenting at ~50 years, but it is not uncommon in pediatric populations. It manifests in a variety of organs, including the liver, lung, soft tissue and bone. Initial multiple-organ involvement is also observed. The tumor's biological behavior and prognosis vary substantially based on the primary site of manifestation. From a therapeutic perspective, initial active surveillance might be considered in selected cases, although surgical intervention remains the mainstay of treatment, especially for localized single-organ involvement. Chemotherapy is administered to patients with progressive unresectable tumors. Recent advances in the biological analysis of EHE fusion genes have elucidated their diverse functions. Additionally, next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of other mutations beyond the fusion genes. These continuous efforts to understand the biology of the fusion genes themselves and/or the dysregulated signaling by fusion genes are expected to lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for EHE. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of EHE, encompassing its historical context, clinical manifestations, molecular biology and the current state of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Cox AG, Harvey KF, Hogan BM. Vasculature is getting Hip(po): Hippo signaling in vascular development and disease. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2627-2640. [PMID: 38052179 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates developmental organ growth, regeneration, and cell fate decisions. Although the role of the Hippo pathway, and its transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ, has been well documented in many cell types and species, only recently have the roles for this pathway come to light in vascular development and disease. Experiments in mice, zebrafish, and in vitro have uncovered roles for the Hippo pathway, YAP, and TAZ in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. In addition, the Hippo pathway has been implicated in vascular cancers and cardiovascular diseases, thus identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these conditions. However, despite recent advances, Hippo's role in the vasculature is still underappreciated compared with its role in epithelial tissues. In this review, we appraise our current understanding of the Hippo pathway in blood and lymphatic vessel development and highlight the current knowledge gaps and opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Kobayashi
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Cox
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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4
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Driskill JH, Pan D. Control of stem cell renewal and fate by YAP and TAZ. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:895-911. [PMID: 37626124 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Complex physiological processes control whether stem cells self-renew, differentiate or remain quiescent. Two decades of research have placed the Hippo pathway, a highly conserved kinase signalling cascade, and its downstream molecular effectors YAP and TAZ at the nexus of this decision. YAP and TAZ translate complex biological cues acting on stem cells - from mechanical forces to cellular metabolism - into genome-wide effects to mediate stem cell functions. While aberrant YAP/TAZ activity drives stem cell dysfunction in ageing, tumorigenesis and disease, therapeutic targeting of Hippo signalling and YAP/TAZ can boost stem cell activity to enhance regeneration. In this Review, we discuss how YAP/TAZ control the self-renewal, fate and plasticity of stem cells in different contexts, how dysregulation of YAP/TAZ in stem cells leads to disease, and how therapeutic modalities targeting YAP/TAZ may benefit regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H Driskill
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Neil E, Paredes R, Pooley O, Rubin B, Kouskoff V. The oncogenic fusion protein TAZ::CAMTA1 promotes genomic instability and senescence through hypertranscription. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1174. [PMID: 37980390 PMCID: PMC10657451 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TAZ::CAMTA1 is a fusion protein found in over 90% of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a rare vascular sarcoma with an unpredictable disease course. To date, how TAZ::CAMTA1 initiates tumour formation remains unexplained. To study the oncogenic mechanism leading to EHE initiation, we developed a model system whereby TAZ::CAMTA1 expression is induced by doxycycline in primary endothelial cells. Using this model, we establish that upon TAZ::CAMTA1 expression endothelial cells rapidly enter a hypertranscription state, triggering considerable DNA damage. As a result, TC-expressing cells become trapped in S phase. Additionally, TAZ::CAMTA1-expressing endothelial cells have impaired homologous recombination, as shown by reduced BRCA1 and RAD51 foci formation. Consequently, the DNA damage remains unrepaired and TAZ::CAMTA1-expressing cells enter senescence. Knockout of Cdkn2a, the most common secondary mutation found in EHE, allows senescence bypass and uncontrolled growth. Together, this provides a mechanistic explanation for the clinical course of EHE and offers novel insight into therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Neil
- Developmental Hematopoiesis Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roberto Paredes
- Developmental Hematopoiesis Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oscar Pooley
- Developmental Hematopoiesis Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brian Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Developmental Hematopoiesis Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Weinberg GL, Salamon P, Lamar JM. The Telluride YAP/TAZ and TEAD Workshop: A Small Meeting with a Big Impact. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4717. [PMID: 37835411 PMCID: PMC10571809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Funding the research needed to advance our understanding of rare cancers is very challenging [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy L. Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Peter Salamon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - John M. Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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7
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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8
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Abdelmogod A, Papadopoulos L, Riordan S, Wong M, Weltman M, Lim R, McEvoy C, Fellowes A, Fox S, Bedő J, Penington J, Pham K, Hofmann O, Vissers JHA, Grimmond S, Ratnayake G, Christie M, Mitchell C, Murray WK, McClymont K, Luk P, Papenfuss AT, Kee D, Scott CL, Goldstein D, Barker HE. A Matched Molecular and Clinical Analysis of the Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma Cohort in the Stafford Fox Rare Cancer Program and Contextual Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4378. [PMID: 37686662 PMCID: PMC10487006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an ultra-rare malignant vascular tumour with a prevalence of 1 per 1,000,000. It is typically molecularly characterised by a WWTR1::CAMTA1 gene fusion in approximately 90% of cases, or a YAP1::TFE3 gene fusion in approximately 10% of cases. EHE cases are typically refractory to therapies, and no anticancer agents are reimbursed for EHE in Australia. METHODS We report a cohort of nine EHE cases with comprehensive histologic and molecular profiling from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Stafford Fox Rare Cancer Program (WEHI-SFRCP) collated via nation-wide referral to the Australian Rare Cancer (ARC) Portal. The diagnoses of EHE were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination. Molecular profiling was performed using the TruSight Oncology 500 assay, the TruSight RNA fusion panel, whole genome sequencing (WGS), or whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Molecular analysis of RNA, DNA or both was possible in seven of nine cases. The WWTR1::CAMTA1 fusion was identified in five cases. The YAP1::TFE3 fusion was identified in one case, demonstrating unique morphology compared to cases with the more common WWTR1::CAMTA1 fusion. All tumours expressed typical endothelial markers CD31, ERG, and CD34 and were negative for pan-cytokeratin. Cases with a WWTR1::CAMTA1 fusion displayed high expression of CAMTA1 and the single case with a YAP1::TFE3 fusion displayed high expression of TFE3. Survival was highly variable and unrelated to molecular profile. CONCLUSIONS This cohort of EHE cases provides molecular and histopathological characterisation and matching clinical information that emphasises the molecular patterns and variable clinical outcomes and adds to our knowledge of this ultra-rare cancer. Such information from multiple studies will advance our understanding, potentially improving treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdelmogod
- Limestone Coast Local Health Network, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Lia Papadopoulos
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
- The Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia;
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of NSW, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Melvin Wong
- Radiology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Martin Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Ratana Lim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Christopher McEvoy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (C.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrew Fellowes
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (C.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Stephen Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (C.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Justin Bedő
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Jocelyn Penington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Kym Pham
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.P.); (O.H.); (J.H.A.V.); (S.G.)
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.P.); (O.H.); (J.H.A.V.); (S.G.)
| | - Joseph H. A. Vissers
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.P.); (O.H.); (J.H.A.V.); (S.G.)
| | - Sean Grimmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.P.); (O.H.); (J.H.A.V.); (S.G.)
| | | | | | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (C.M.); (W.K.M.)
| | - William K. Murray
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (C.M.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Kelly McClymont
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Peter Luk
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
- The Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
- The Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia;
- The Royal Womens’ Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- The Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia;
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
- Nelune Center, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.P.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (A.T.P.); (D.K.); (C.L.S.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Franklin JM, Wu Z, Guan KL. Insights into recent findings and clinical application of YAP and TAZ in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00579-1. [PMID: 37308716 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have mapped out the basic mechanics of the Hippo pathway. The paralogues Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), as the central transcription control module of the Hippo pathway, have long been implicated in the progression of various human cancers. The current literature regarding oncogenic YAP and TAZ activities consists mostly of context-specific mechanisms and treatments of human cancers. Furthermore, a growing number of studies demonstrate tumour-suppressor functions of YAP and TAZ. In this Review we aim to synthesize an integrated perspective of the many disparate findings regarding YAP and TAZ in cancer. We then conclude with the various strategies for targeting and treating YAP- and TAZ-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Franklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Neil E, Kouskoff V. Current Model Systems for Investigating Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113005. [PMID: 37296967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare sarcoma of the vascular endothelium with an unpredictable disease course. EHE tumours can remain indolent for long period of time but may suddenly evolve into an aggressive disease with widespread metastases and a poor prognosis. Two mutually exclusive chromosomal translocations define EHE tumours, each involving one of the transcription co-factors TAZ and YAP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 fusion protein results from a t(1;3) translocation and is present in 90% of EHE tumours. The remaining 10% of EHE cases harbour a t(X;11) translocation, resulting in the YAP1-TFE3 (YT) fusion protein. Until recently, the lack of representative EHE models made it challenging to study the mechanisms by which these fusion proteins promote tumorigenesis. Here, we describe and compare the recently developed experimental approaches that are currently available for studying this cancer. After summarising the key findings obtained with each experimental approach, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these different model systems. Our survey of the current literature shows how each experimental approach can be utilised in different ways to improve our understanding of EHE initiation and progression. Ultimately, this should lead to better treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Neil
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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11
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Luo J, Deng L, Zou H, Guo Y, Tong T, Huang M, Ling G, Li P. New insights into the ambivalent role of YAP/TAZ in human cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:130. [PMID: 37211598 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling was first identified in Drosophila as a key controller of organ size by regulating cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. Subsequent studies have shown that this pathway is highly conserved in mammals, and its dysregulation is implicated in multiple events of cancer development and progression. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (hereafter YAP/TAZ) are the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. YAP/TAZ overexpression or activation is sufficient to induce tumor initiation and progression, as well as recurrence and therapeutic resistance. However, there is growing evidence that YAP/TAZ also exert a tumor-suppressive function in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, caution should be taken when targeting Hippo signaling in clinical trials in the future. In this review article, we will first give an overview of YAP/TAZ and their oncogenic roles in various cancers and then systematically summarize the tumor-suppressive functions of YAP/TAZ in different contexts. Based on these findings, we will further discuss the clinical implications of YAP/TAZ-based tumor targeted therapy and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Zou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Tong
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengqiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Diaz-Perez JA, Kerr DA. Benign and low-grade superficial endothelial cell neoplasms in the molecular era. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023:S0740-2570(23)00041-2. [PMID: 37149395 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis, and they encompass a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical, histological, and molecular features, as well as biological behavior. Over the past two decades, molecular studies have enabled the identification of pathogenic recurrent genetic alterations that can be used as additional data points to support the correct classification of these lesions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data related to superficially located benign and low-grade vascular neoplasms and to highlight recent molecular advances with the role of surrogate immunohistochemistry to target pathogenic proteins as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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13
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Guo W, Zhou D, Huang H, Chen H, Wu X, Yang X, Ye H, Hong C. Successful chemotherapy with continuous immunotherapy for primary pulmonary endovascular epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32914. [PMID: 36800635 PMCID: PMC9936006 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare, low to moderate-grade malignancy, even less in pulmonary endovascular neoplasm. Patients with pulmonary EHE have no optimal treatment, resulting in poor prognoses. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a 42-year-old man with multiple mild metabolic uptakes in pulmonary endovascular filling defect with a maximum standardized uptake value of 4.5 by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose/fibroblast associated protein inhibitor-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography. Anticoagulant treatment was not effective with the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. DIAGNOSES A primary endovascular EHE pulmonary endovascular epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was diagnosed by endovascular biopsy with positive stains for molecular CD31, CD34 and CAMTA1, and it had low proliferative capacity characterized by Ki-67 of 5%. The mutation gene MSH2 (p.Y656 in exon 12) (mutation abundance of 0.07%) from peripheral blood indicates the potential benefit of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was treated with tri-weekly paclitaxel (175mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) chemotherapy regimen. He exerted a remarkable response after 5 cycles (21 days per cycle) and Pembrolizumab (200mg once monthly) as maintenance treatment. LESSONS This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differentiating endovascular lesions and optimal therapy for pulmonary EHE. Importantly, it indicated that the mutation gene MSH2 (p.Y656) might influence the pathogenesis of EHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daibing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houquan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Cheng Hong, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. No. 28, Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510010, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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14
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Piccolo S, Panciera T, Contessotto P, Cordenonsi M. YAP/TAZ as master regulators in cancer: modulation, function and therapeutic approaches. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:9-26. [PMID: 36564601 PMCID: PMC7614914 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) in cancer is advancing. In this Review, we provide an update on recent progress in YAP/TAZ biology, their regulation by Hippo signaling and mechanotransduction and highlight open questions. YAP/TAZ signaling is an addiction shared by multiple tumor types and their microenvironments, providing many malignant attributes. As such, it represents an important vulnerability that may offer a broad window of therapeutic efficacy, and here we give an overview of the current treatment strategies and pioneering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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15
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Garcia K, Gingras AC, Harvey KF, Tanas MR. TAZ/YAP fusion proteins: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1033-1045. [PMID: 36096997 PMCID: PMC9671862 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is dysregulated in many different cancers, but point mutations in the pathway are rare. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) fusion proteins have emerged in almost all major cancer types and represent the most common genetic mechanism by which the two transcriptional co-activators are activated. Given that the N termini of TAZ or YAP are fused to the C terminus of another transcriptional regulator, the resultant fusion proteins hyperactivate a TEAD transcription factor-based transcriptome. Recent advances show that the C-terminal fusion partners confer oncogenic properties to TAZ/YAP fusion proteins by recruiting epigenetic modifiers that promote a hybrid TEAD-based transcriptome. Elucidating these cooperating epigenetic complexes represents a strategy to identify new therapeutic approaches for a pathway that has been recalcitrant to medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Munir R Tanas
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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16
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Gridnev A, Maity S, Misra JR. Structure-based discovery of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of TEAD palmitoylation with anticancer activity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1021823. [PMID: 36523977 PMCID: PMC9745137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1021823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paralogous oncogenic transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ are the distal effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cell proliferation, survival and cell fate specification. They are frequently deregulated in most human cancers, where they contribute to multiple aspects of tumorigenesis including growth, metabolism, metastasis and chemo/immunotherapy resistance. Thus, they provide a critical point for therapeutic intervention. However, due to their intrinsically disordered structure, they are challenging to target directly. Since YAP/TAZ exerts oncogenic activity by associating with the TEAD1-4 transcription factors, to regulate target gene expression, YAP activity can be controlled indirectly by regulating TEAD1-4. Interestingly, TEADs undergo autopalmitoylation, which is essential for their stability and function, and small-molecule inhibitors that prevent this posttranslational modification can render them unstable. In this article we report discovery of a novel small molecule inhibitor of YAP activity. We combined structure-based virtual ligand screening with biochemical and cell biological studies and identified JM7, which inhibits YAP transcriptional reporter activity with an IC50 of 972 nMoles/Ltr. Further, it inhibits YAP target gene expression, without affecting YAP/TEAD localization. Mechanistically, JM7 inhibits TEAD palmitoylation and renders them unstable. Cellular thermal shift assay revealed that JM7 directly binds to TEAD1-4 in cells. Consistent with the inhibitory effect of JM7 on YAP activity, it significantly impairs proliferation, colony-formation and migration of mesothelioma (NCI-H226), breast (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (OVCAR-8) cancer cells that exhibit increased YAP activity. Collectively, these results establish JM7 as a novel lead compound for development of more potent inhibitors of TEAD palmitoylation for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyoti R. Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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17
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Yuen LC, Baker ML, Sin JM, Linos K, Kerr DA. A Rare Case of Primary Epithelioid Hemangioma of Bone with WWTR1::FOSB Fusion: A Benign Lesion with the Potential to Mimic Malignancy. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221117438. [PMID: 35946109 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioma of bone is a rare benign, locally aggressive vascular tumor that can be particularly challenging to diagnose given its frequent multifocality, non-specific imaging findings, and wide range of morphologic appearances. Additionally, some epithelioid hemangiomas demonstrate atypical histologic features including increased cellularity, necrosis, and moderate cytologic atypia - characteristics that may raise concern for malignancy. Molecular studies can serve as a powerful, objective tool in the differential diagnosis of diagnostically challenging epithelioid vascular tumors. Importantly, FOS and FOSB gene rearrangements have been identified as the genetic hallmarks of osseous epithelioid hemangioma, present in greater than 70% of cases. FOSB-fusion-positive epithelioid hemangioma, in particular, may display atypical histologic features. While ZFP36 is the typical FOSB fusion partner in epithelioid hemangioma, we herein present a case of epithelioid hemangioma of bone with a rare WWTR1::FOSB fusion. This case demonstrates the diagnostic challenges associated with epithelioid hemangioma, especially in the setting of FOSB gene rearrangements, and the importance of genomic studies in the work up of these vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Yuen
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael L Baker
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jessica M Sin
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Radiology, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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18
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Wu BK, Mei SC, Chen EH, Zheng Y, Pan D. YAP induces an oncogenic transcriptional program through TET1-mediated epigenetic remodeling in liver growth and tumorigenesis. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1202-1213. [PMID: 35835915 PMCID: PMC9357225 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic remodeling is essential for oncogene-induced cellular transformation and malignancy. In contrast to histone post-translational modifications, how DNA methylation is remodeled by oncogenic signaling remains poorly understood. The oncoprotein YAP, a coactivator of the TEAD transcription factors mediating Hippo signaling, is widely activated in human cancers. Here, we identify the 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 as a direct YAP target and a master regulator that coordinates the genome-wide epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming of YAP target genes in the liver. YAP activation induces the expression of TET1, which physically interacts with TEAD to cause regional DNA demethylation, histone H3K27 acetylation and chromatin opening in YAP target genes to facilitate transcriptional activation. Loss of TET1 not only reverses YAP-induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes but also suppresses YAP-induced hepatomegaly and tumorigenesis. These findings exemplify how oncogenic signaling regulates the site specificity of DNA demethylation to promote tumorigenesis and implicate TET1 as a potential target for modulating YAP signaling in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kuan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Szu-Chieh Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Ma S, Kanai R, Pobbati AV, Li S, Che K, Seavey CN, Hallett A, Burtscher A, Lamar JM, Rubin BP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Protein Promotes Tumorigenesis via Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Ras-MAPK Signaling in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3116-3126. [PMID: 35443056 PMCID: PMC9306355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A consistent genetic alteration in vascular cancer epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is the t(1;3)(p36;q25) chromosomal translocation, which generates a WWTR1(TAZ)-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion gene. TC is a transcriptional coactivator that drives EHE. Here, we aimed to identify the TC transcriptional targets and signaling mechanisms that underlie EHE tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used NIH3T3 cells transformed with TC (NIH3T3/TC) as a model system to uncover TC-dependent oncogenic signaling. These cells proliferated in an anchorage-independent manner in suspension and soft agar. The findings of the cell-based studies were validated in a xenograft model. RESULTS We identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a tumorigenic transcriptional target of TC. We show that CTGF binds to integrin αIIbβ3, which is essential for sustaining the anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed NIH3T3/TC cells. NIH3T3/TC cells also have enhanced Ras and MAPK signaling, and the activity of these pathways is reduced upon CTGF knockdown, suggesting that CTGF signaling occurs via the Ras-MAPK cascade. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling through PD 0325901 and trametinib abrogated TC-driven anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, for tumor growth in vivo, NIH3T3/TC cells require CTGF and MAPK signaling. NIH3T3/TC xenograft growth was profoundly reduced upon CTGF knockdown and after trametinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrated that CTGF and the Ras-MAPK signaling cascade are essential for TC-mediated tumorigenesis. These studies provided the preclinical rationale for SARC033 (NCI 10015-NCT03148275), a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II study of trametinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic EHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Kanai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kepeng Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Caleb N. Seavey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrea Hallett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ashley Burtscher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John M. Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Corresponding Author: Brian P. Rubin, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Phone: 216-445-6889; E-mail:
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20
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Unraveling the Biology of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, a TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Driven Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122980. [PMID: 35740643 PMCID: PMC9221450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular cancer that involves a gain-of-function gene fusion involving TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator, and one of two end effectors of the Hippo pathway. Although the activity of TAZ and/or YAP, a paralog of TAZ, is consistently altered in many cancers, genetic alterations involving YAP/TAZ are rare, and the precise mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ are activated are not well understood in most cancers. Because WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 is the only genetic alteration in approximately half of EHE, EHE is a genetically clean and homogenous system for understanding how the dysregulation of TAZ promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, by using EHE as a model system, we hope to elucidate the essential biological pathways mediated by TAZ and identify mechanisms to target them. The findings of EHE research can be applied to other cancers that are addicted to high YAP/TAZ activity. Abstract The activities of YAP and TAZ, the end effectors of the Hippo pathway, are consistently altered in cancer, and this dysregulation drives aggressive tumor phenotypes. While the actions of these two proteins aid in tumorigenesis in the majority of cancers, the dysregulation of these proteins is rarely sufficient for initial tumor development. Herein, we present a unique TAZ-driven cancer, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), which harbors a WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 gene fusion in at least 90% of cases. Recent investigations have elucidated the mechanisms by which YAP/TAP-fusion oncoproteins function and drive tumorigenesis. This review presents a critical evaluation of this recent work, with a particular focus on how the oncoproteins alter the normal activity of TAZ and YAP, and, concurrently, we generate a framework for how we can target the gene fusions in patients. Since EHE represents a paradigm of YAP/TAZ dysregulation in cancer, targeted therapies for EHE may also be effective against other YAP/TAZ-dependent cancers.
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21
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Wei H, Zhen T, Tuo Y, Li H, Liang J, Chen S, Shi H, Han A. Clinicopathologic and molecular features of vascular tumors in a series of 118 cases. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2939-2951. [PMID: 35702134 PMCID: PMC9185040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular tumors are composed of benign, intermediate, and malignant lesions. The diagnosis is challenging because some entities demonstrate overlapping morphologies and harbor the same genetic alterations. We describe herein a cohort of vascular tumors with clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. METHODS AND RESULTS 118 vascular tumors including 56 angiosarcomas, 18 epithelioid haemangioendotheliomas (EHE), 25 epithelioid haemangiomas (EH), 8 pseudomyogenic haemangioendotheliomas (PHE), 1 papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (PILA), 2 kaposiform haemangioendotheliomas (KHE), 3 Kaposi sarcomas, 2 retiform haemangioendotheliomas (RHE), and 3 anastomosing haemangiomas were assessed. FOSB, c-Fos, CAMTA1, and TFE3 expression and gene rearrangements were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and FISH, respectively. Our results showed that FOSB expression was diffusely positive in all 8 PHEs, focally or sparsely in 12 EHs, and in 2 angiosarcomas. C-FOS expression was sparsely to diffusely positive in 15 EHs, focally or sparsely in 17 angiosarcomas, 1 EHE, 1 Kaposi sarcoma, and 1 PHE. CAMTA1 expression was positive in only 12 EHEs. TFE3 expression was focally or sparsely positive in all 8 PHEs, 22 angiosarcomas, 6 EHEs, 3 EHs, 2 Kaposi sarcomas, and 2 AHs. FOSB rearrangement was found in 5 PHEs, FOS rearrangement only in 1 EH, CAMTA1 rearrangement in 4 EHEs. CONCLUSIONS FOSB and CAMTA1 are useful diagnostic markers for PHE and EHE, respectively. FOSB and FOS fusion represent a subset of epithelioid haemangioma. TFE3 is not a diagnostically meaningful marker in a majority of vascular tumors. The combined utility of these markers will facilitate the differential diagnosis in vascular tumors with morphologic overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Guangzhou LBP Medical Technology Co., Ltd.Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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22
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Distinctive Roles of YAP and TAZ in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells Growth and Functions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010147. [PMID: 35052826 PMCID: PMC8773510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in controlling organ size and balancing tissue homeostasis. Its two main effectors, yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1, WWTR1 or TAZ, have also been shown to regulate endothelial cell functions and angiogenesis. In this study, the functions of YAP and TAZ in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were investigated by a loss-of-function study using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockdown (KD). Depletion of either YAP or TAZ reduced EPC survival and impaired many of their critical functions, including migration, invasion, vessel-formation, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes. Notably, TAZ-KD EPCs exhibited more severe phenotypes in comparison to YAP-KD EPCs. Moreover, the conditioned medium derived from TAZ-KD EPCs reduced the survivability of human lung cancer cells and increased their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The overexpression of either wild-type or constitutively active TAZ rescued the impaired phenotypes of TAZ-KD EPCs and restored the expression of pro-angiogenic genes in those EPCs. In summary, we demonstrate the crucial role of Hippo signaling components, YAP and TAZ, in controlling several aspects of EPC functions that can potentially be used as a drug target to enhance EPC functions in patients.
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23
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LncRNA SFTA1P mediates positive feedback regulation of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:369. [PMID: 34845189 PMCID: PMC8630011 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate numerous biological processes involved in both development and carcinogenesis. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling, a critical pathway responsible for organ size control, is often dysregulated in a variety of cancers. However, the nature and function of YAP/TAZ-regulated lncRNAs during tumorigenesis remain largely unexplored. By profiling YAP/TAZ-regulated lncRNAs, we identified SFTA1P as a novel transcriptional target and a positive feedback regulator of YAP/TAZ signaling. Using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, we show that SFTA1P is transcriptionally activated by YAP/TAZ in a TEAD-dependent manner. Functionally, knockdown of SFTA1P in NSCLC cell lines inhibited proliferation, induced programmed cell death, and compromised their tumorigenic potential. Mechanistically, SFTA1P knockdown decreased TAZ protein abundance and consequently, the expression of YAP/TAZ transcriptional targets. We provide evidence that this phenomenon could potentially be mediated via its interaction with TAZ mRNA to regulate TAZ translation. Our results reveal SFTA1P as a positive feedback regulator of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling, which may serve as the molecular basis for lncRNA-based therapies against YAP/TAZ-driven cancers.
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24
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Goodrich JM, Calkins MM, Caban-Martinez AJ, Stueckle T, Grant C, Calafat AM, Nematollahi A, Jung AM, Graber JM, Jenkins T, Slitt AL, Dewald A, Botelho JC, Beitel S, Littau S, Gulotta J, Wallentine D, Hughes J, Popp C, Burgess JL. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, epigenetic age and DNA methylation: a cross-sectional study of firefighters. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1619-1636. [PMID: 34670402 PMCID: PMC8549684 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent chemicals that firefighters encounter. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, could serve as PFASs toxicity biomarkers. Methods: With a sample size of 197 firefighters, we quantified the serum concentrations of nine PFASs, blood leukocyte DNA methylation and epigenetic age indicators via the EPIC array. We examined the associations between PFASs with epigenetic age, site- and region-specific DNA methylation, adjusting for confounders. Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and the sum of branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS) were associated with accelerated epigenetic age. Branched PFOA, linear PFOS, perfluorononanoate, perfluorodecanoate and perfluoroundecanoate were associated with differentially methylated loci and regions. Conclusion: PFASs concentrations are associated with accelerated epigenetic age and locus-specific DNA methylation. The implications for PFASs toxicity merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miriam M Calkins
- National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Todd Stueckle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Casey Grant
- Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, MA 02169, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Amy Nematollahi
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alesia M Jung
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Judith M Graber
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alisa Dewald
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julianne Cook Botelho
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sally Littau
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | - Jeff Hughes
- Orange County Fire Authority, Irvine, CA 92602, USA
| | | | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Jung R, Janardhan HP, Dresser K, Cotton JL, Hutchinson L, Mao J, Trivedi CM. Response by Jung et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Sustained Activation of Endothelial YAP1 Causes Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e493-e495. [PMID: 34550712 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Harish P Janardhan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Karen Dresser
- Department of Pathology (K.D., L.H.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Jennifer L Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology (K.D., L.H.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Medicine (R.J., H.P.J., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (J.L.C., J.M., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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26
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Yin F, Dong J, Kang LI, Liu X. Hippo-YAP signaling in digestive system tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2495-2507. [PMID: 34249412 PMCID: PMC8263672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionally conserved pathway and plays an important role in regulating tissue hemostasis and organ size control. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is implicated in various human digestive system tumors. The past two decades have witnessed the discovery and elucidation of key signaling components and molecular mechanisms of the Hippo pathway. Among these, the signaling transducers YAP/TAZ are in the center of this complex network to sense and respond to extracellular cues such as cell contact, matrix stiffness and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the biological and clinical significance of Hippo-YAP signaling in the digestive system tumors, and explore the novel therapeutic strategies for targeting Hippo-YAP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of MissouriColumbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Liang-I Kang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Lab Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Seavey CN, Pobbati AV, Hallett A, Ma S, Reynolds JP, Kanai R, Lamar JM, Rubin BP. WWTR1(TAZ)- CAMTA1 gene fusion is sufficient to dysregulate YAP/TAZ signaling and drive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2021; 35:512-527. [PMID: 33766982 PMCID: PMC8015722 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348220.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a genetically homogenous vascular sarcoma that is a paradigm for TAZ dysregulation in cancer. EHE harbors a WWTR1(TAZ)-CAMTA1 gene fusion in >90% of cases, 45% of which have no other genetic alterations. In this study, we used a first of its kind approach to target the Wwtr1-Camta1 gene fusion to the Wwtr1 locus, to develop a conditional EHE mouse model whereby Wwtr1-Camta1 is controlled by the endogenous transcriptional regulators upon Cre activation. These mice develop EHE tumors that are indistinguishable from human EHE clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically. Overall, these results demonstrate unequivocally that TAZ-CAMTA1 is sufficient to drive EHE formation with exquisite specificity, as no other tumor types were observed. Furthermore, we fully credential this unique EHE mouse model as a valid preclinical model for understanding the role of TAZ dysregulation in cancer formation and for testing therapies directed at TAZ-CAMTA1, TAZ, and YAP/TAZ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb N Seavey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, PRISM Program, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ajaybabu V Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andrea Hallett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jordan P Reynolds
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ryan Kanai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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