1
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Chiusa M, Lee YA, Zhang MZ, Harris RC, Sherrill T, Lindner V, Brooks CR, Yu G, Fogo AB, Flynn CR, Zienkiewicz J, Hawiger J, Zent R, Pozzi A. Cytoplasmic retention of the DNA/RNA-binding protein FUS ameliorates organ fibrosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175158. [PMID: 38488009 PMCID: PMC10940094 DOI: 10.1172/jci175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled accumulation of extracellular matrix leads to tissue fibrosis and loss of organ function. We previously demonstrated in vitro that the DNA/RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) promotes fibrotic responses by translocating to the nucleus, where it initiates collagen gene transcription. However, it is still not known whether FUS is profibrotic in vivo and whether preventing its nuclear translocation might inhibit development of fibrosis following injury. We now demonstrate that levels of nuclear FUS are significantly increased in mouse models of kidney and liver fibrosis. To evaluate the direct role of FUS nuclear translocation in fibrosis, we used mice that carry a mutation in the FUS nuclear localization sequence (FUSR521G) and the cell-penetrating peptide CP-FUS-NLS that we previously showed inhibits FUS nuclear translocation in vitro. We provide evidence that FUSR521G mice or CP-FUS-NLS-treated mice showed reduced nuclear FUS and fibrosis following injury. Finally, differential gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry of tissues from individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis revealed significant upregulation of FUS and/or collagen genes and FUS protein nuclear localization in diseased organs. These results demonstrate that injury-induced nuclear translocation of FUS contributes to fibrosis and highlight CP-FUS-NLS as a promising therapeutic option for organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Chiusa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Youngmin A. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles R. Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Zhang Y. Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Cancer Treatment: Abolishing Both Kinase-Dependent and Kinase-Independent Functions of the Receptor. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1218-1232. [PMID: 37339882 PMCID: PMC10595022 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is activated by ligand binding, overexpression, or mutation. It is well known for its tyrosine kinase-dependent oncogenic activities in a variety of human cancers. A large number of EGFR inhibitors have been developed for cancer treatment, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and a vaccine. The EGFR inhibitors are aimed at inhibiting the activation or the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase. However, these agents have shown efficacy in only a few types of cancers. Drug resistance, both intrinsic and acquired, is common even in cancers where the inhibitors have shown efficacy. The drug resistance mechanism is complex and not fully known. The key vulnerability of cancer cells that are resistant to EGFR inhibitors has not been identified. Nevertheless, it has been increasingly recognized in recent years that EGFR also possesses kinase-independent oncogenic functions and that these noncanonical functions may play a crucial role in cancer resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In this review, both kinase-dependent and -independent activities of EGFR are discussed. Also discussed are the mechanisms of actions and therapeutic activities of clinically used EGFR inhibitors and sustained EGFR overexpression and EGFR interaction with other receptor tyrosine kinases to counter the EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, this review discusses emerging experimental therapeutics that have shown potential for overcoming the limitation of the current EGFR inhibitors in preclinical studies. The findings underscore the importance and feasibility of targeting both kinase-dependent and -independent functions of EGFR to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize drug resistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: EGFR is a major oncogenic driver and therapeutic target, but cancer resistance to current EGFR inhibitors remains a significant unmet clinical problem. This article reviews the cancer biology of EGFR as well as the mechanisms of actions and the therapeutic efficacies of current and emerging EGFR inhibitors. The findings could potentially lead to development of more effective treatments for EGFR-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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3
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Sugaya K. Life of the B10 Mouse: A View from the Hair Follicles and Tissue Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 213:213-222. [PMID: 37703854 DOI: 10.1159/000533779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In our series of studies, the changes in the skin characteristics of mice caused by aging were investigated in correlation with the stem cells for keratinocytes and melanocytes in the natural hair cycle until middle age. The aim of the present review was to investigate these characteristics of hair follicles (HFs) at older age and complete the analysis of these changes as a study throughout the mouse lifetime. In addition, stem cells for keratinocytes and melanocytes were evaluated for changes in skin characteristics caused by aging. Postnatal day 200 (P200) appears to be the age of complete maturation of skin and the onset of aging with regard to HFs. Keratin 15-positive keratinocyte stem cells complete their localization as a quantitatively sufficient amount of progenitor in the hair bulge region and orchestrate the regeneration of hairs in every anagen phase thereafter. Although their frequency is low, an unusual structure of HFs, curved HFs, appear for the first time at P200. Thereafter, abnormal hair curvature continues to increase throughout life. In contrast, HF characteristics derived from melanocytes begin to show a high frequency of hypopigmented hair bulbs at P200 and appear to lead to a significant increase in the number of white hairs. Curved HFs and white hairs were considered biomarkers of aging in mice. The number of tyrosinase-related protein 2-positive melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge is extremely low and may be one cause underlying not only the induction of melanocyte-derived characteristics by aging but possibly also that of keratinocyte-derived characteristics. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of the actions of stem cells on hair regeneration through the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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4
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Miller P, Akama-Garren EH, Owen RP, Demetriou C, Carroll TM, Slee E, Al Moussawi K, Ellis M, Goldin R, O'Neill E, Lu X. p53 inhibitor iASPP is an unexpected suppressor of KRAS and inflammation-driven pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01168-3. [PMID: 37270580 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS activation, inflammation and p53 mutation are key drivers of pancreatic cancer (PC) development. Here we report iASPP, an inhibitor of p53, as a paradoxical suppressor of inflammation and oncogenic KRASG12D-driven PC tumorigenesis. iASPP suppresses PC onset driven by KRASG12D alone or KRASG12D in combination with mutant p53R172H. iASPP deletion limits acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in vitro but accelerates inflammation and KRASG12D-induced ADM, pancreatitis and PC tumorigenesis in vivo. KRASG12D/iASPPΔ8/Δ8 tumours are well-differentiated classical PCs and their derivative cell lines form subcutaneous tumours in syngeneic and nude mice. Transcriptomically, either iASPP deletion or p53 mutation in the KRASG12D background altered the expression of an extensively overlapping gene set, comprised primarily of NF-κB and AP1-regulated inflammatory genes. All these identify iASPP as a suppressor of inflammation and a p53-independent oncosuppressor of PC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Elliot H Akama-Garren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard P Owen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Thomas M Carroll
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Slee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Michael Ellis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Centre for Pathology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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5
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Nishitani K, Hayakawa K, Tanaka S. Epidermal growth factor represses differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells into spongiotrophoblast cells via epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 657:100-107. [PMID: 37001284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The mouse placenta is composed of three different trophoblast layers that are occupied by particular trophoblast subtypes to maintain placental function and pregnancy. Accurate control of trophoblast differentiation is required for proper placental function; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions in trophoblast stem cells remain poorly understood. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is involved in multiple biological processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The effect of EGF on trophoblast function has been reported in various species; however, the role of EGF signaling in mouse trophoblast specification remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of EGF signaling in mouse trophoblast differentiation using mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs) in an in vitro culture system. EGF stimulation at the early stage of differentiation repressed mTSC differentiation into spongiotrophoblast cells (SpT). Gene deletion and inhibitor experiments showed that the effect of EGF exposure went through epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) activity in mTSCs. EGF stimuli induced acute downstream activation of MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JNK pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway, but not others, alleviated EGF-mediated repression of SpT differentiation. Moreover, expression of Mash2, a master regulator of SpT differentiation, was repressed by EGF stimulation, and MAPK/ERK inhibition counteracted this repression. The Mash2 overexpression recovered SpT marker expression, indicating that the decrease in Mash2 expression was due to abnormal SpT differentiation in EGF-treated mTSCs. Our findings suggest that the EGF-Egfr-MAPK/ERK-Mash2 axis is a core regulatory mechanism for the EGF-mediated repression of SpT differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishitani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Koji Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Kim C, Wang XD, Liu Z, Zha S, Yu Y. Targeting Scaffolding Functions of Enzymes Using PROTAC Approaches. Biochemistry 2023; 62:561-563. [PMID: 35834793 PMCID: PMC9839885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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7
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Papadakos KS, Ekström A, Slipek P, Skourti E, Reid S, Pietras K, Blom AM. Sushi domain-containing protein 4 binds to epithelial growth factor receptor and initiates autophagy in an EGFR phosphorylation independent manner. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:363. [PMID: 36578014 PMCID: PMC9798675 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sushi domain-containing protein 4 (SUSD4) is a recently discovered protein with unknown cellular functions. We previously revealed that SUSD4 can act as complement inhibitor and as a potential tumor suppressor. METHODS In a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer, tumors expressing SUSD4 had a smaller volume compared with the corresponding mock control tumors. Additionally, data from three different expression databases and online analysis tools confirm that for breast cancer patients, high mRNA expression of SUSD4 in the tumor tissue correlates with a better prognosis. In vitro experiments utilized triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (BT-20 and MDA-MB-468) stably expressing SUSD4. Moreover, we established a cell line based on BT-20 in which the gene for EGFR was knocked out with the CRISPR-Cas9 method. RESULTS We discovered that the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) interacts with SUSD4. Furthermore, triple-negative breast cancer cell lines stably expressing SUSD4 had higher autophagic flux. The initiation of autophagy required the expression of EGFR but not phosphorylation of the receptor. Expression of SUSD4 in the breast cancer cells led to activation of the tumor suppressor LKB1 and consequently to the activation of AMPKα1. Finally, autophagy was initiated after stimulation of the ULK1, Atg14 and Beclin-1 axis in SUSD4 expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study we provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism of action whereby SUSD4 acts as an EGFR inhibitor without affecting the phosphorylation of the receptor and may potentially influence the recycling of EGFR to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S. Papadakos
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilsson’s street 53, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ekström
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilsson’s street 53, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Piotr Slipek
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilsson’s street 53, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eleni Skourti
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilsson’s street 53, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven Reid
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilsson’s street 53, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Al Moussawi K, Chung K, Carroll TM, Osterburg C, Smirnov A, Lotz R, Miller P, Dedeić Z, Zhong S, Oti M, Kouwenhoven EN, Asher R, Goldin R, Tellier M, Murphy S, Zhou H, Dötsch V, Lu X. Mutant Ras and inflammation-driven skin tumorigenesis is suppressed via a JNK-iASPP-AP1 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111503. [PMID: 36261000 PMCID: PMC9597577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent mutation of a RAS oncogene and the tumor suppressor p53 is common in tumorigenesis, and inflammation can promote RAS-driven tumorigenesis without the need to mutate p53. Here, we show, using a well-established mutant RAS and an inflammation-driven mouse skin tumor model, that loss of the p53 inhibitor iASPP facilitates tumorigenesis. Specifically, iASPP regulates expression of a subset of p63 and AP1 targets, including genes involved in skin differentiation and inflammation, suggesting that loss of iASPP in keratinocytes supports a tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanistically, JNK-mediated phosphorylation regulates iASPP function and inhibits iASPP binding with AP1 components, such as JUND, via PXXP/SH3 domain-mediated interaction. Our results uncover a JNK-iASPP-AP1 regulatory axis that is crucial for tissue homeostasis. We show that iASPP is a tumor suppressor and an AP1 coregulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kathryn Chung
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas M Carroll
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Zinaida Dedeić
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shan Zhong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin Oti
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn N Kouwenhoven
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Asher
- Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Pathology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine at St Mary's, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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9
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Castro AR, Portinha C, Logarinho E. The Emergent Power of Human Cellular vs Mouse Models in Translational Hair Research. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1021-1028. [PMID: 35962707 PMCID: PMC9585950 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different animal models have been used for hair research and regeneration studies based on the similarities between animal and human skins. Primary knowledge on hair follicle (HF) biology has arisen from research using mouse models baring spontaneous or genetically engineered mutations. These studies have been crucial for the discovery of genes underlying human hair cycle control and hair loss disorders. Yet, researchers have become increasingly aware that there are distinct architectural and cellular features between the mouse and human HFs, which might limit the translation of findings in the mouse models. Thus, it is enticing to reason that the spotlight on mouse models and the unwillingness to adapt to the human archetype have been hampering the emergence of the long-awaited human hair loss cure. Here, we provide an overview of the major limitations of the mainstream mouse models for human hair loss research, and we underpin a future course of action using human cell bioengineered models and the emergent artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável-Insparya Hair Center, Porto, Portugal.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável-Insparya Hair Center, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Cui HY, Wei W, Qian MR, Tian RF, Fu X, Li HW, Nan G, Yang T, Lin P, Chen X, Zhu YM, Wang B, Sun XX, Dou JH, Jiang JL, Li L, Wang SJ, Chen ZN. PDGFA-associated protein 1 is a novel target of c-Myc and contributes to colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:750-767. [PMID: 35716012 PMCID: PMC9395323 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression remains elusive, and overall survival is far from satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that PDGFA-associated protein 1 (PDAP1) is upregulated in several cancers including CRC. Here, we aimed to identify the cause and consequence of PDAP1 dysregulation in CRC and evaluate its role as a potential therapeutic target. METHODS Multi-omics data analysis was performed to identify potential key players in CRC initiation and progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was applied to determine the expression pattern of PDAP1 in CRC tissues. Pdap1 conditional knockout mice were used to establish colitis and CRC mouse models. RNA sequencing, a phosphoprotein antibody array, western blotting, histological analysis, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and interactome analysis were applied to identify the underlying mechanisms of PDAP1. A human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to assess the potential of PDAP1 as a therapeutic target. RESULTS PDAP1 was identified as a potential key player in CRC development using multi-omics data analysis. PDAP1 was overexpressed in CRC cells and correlated with reduced overall survival. Further investigation showed that PDAP1 was critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Significantly, depletion of Pdap1 in intestinal epithelial cells impaired mucosal restitution in dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis and inhibited tumor initiation and growth in colitis-associated cancers. Mechanistic studies showed that c-Myc directly transactivated PDAP1, which contributed to the high PDAP1 expression in CRC cells. PDAP1 interacted with the juxtamembrane domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and facilitated EGFR-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activation, which resulted in FOS-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) expression, thereby facilitating CRC progression. Notably, silencing of PDAP1 could hinder the growth of patient-derived xenografts that sustain high PDAP1 levels. CONCLUSIONS PDAP1 facilitates mucosal restitution and carcinogenesis in colitis-associated cancer. c-Myc-driven upregulation of PDAP1 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells via the EGFR-MAPK-FRA-1 signaling axis. These findings indicated that PDAP1 inhibition is warranted for CRC patients with PDAP1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Rui Qian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Fei Tian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Xuan Sun
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
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11
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Mori M, Liu C, Yoshizawa T, Miyahara H, Dai J, Igarashi Y, Cui X, Li Y, Kang X, Higuchi K. Polygenic control of the wavy coat of the NCT mouse: involvement of an intracisternal A particle insertional mutation of the protease, serine 53 (Prss53) gene, and a modifier gene. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:451-464. [PMID: 35067752 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Nakano cataract mouse (NCT) manifests a wavy coat for their first hair as a genetic trait. In this study, we explored the molecular genetic basis of the wavy coat. We revealed by crossing experiments that the wavy coat is controlled by a major gene on chromosome 7 of NCT, homozygosity of which is a prerequisite for developing the wavy coat, and by a gene on chromosome 9 with a minor effect to reinforce the manifestation of the trait. In humans, a polymorphism of the protease, serine 53 (PRSS53) gene on the homologous chromosome is known to be associated with curly scalp hair. We then investigated the Prss53 gene and discovered that NCT has an insertion of an intracisternal A particle element in the first intron of the gene. Nevertheless, the expression of the Prss53 is not altered in the NCT skin both in transcript and protein levels. Subsequently, we created C57BL/6J-Prss53em1 knockout mice and found that these mice manifest vague wavy coats. A portion of backcross and intercross mice between the C57BL/6J-Prss53em1 and NCT manifested intense or vague wavy coats. These findings demonstrate the polygenic nature of the wavy coat of NCT and Prss53 knockout mice and highlight the similarity of the trait to the curly hair of humans associated with the PRSS53 alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mori
- Department of NeuroHealth Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of NeuroHealth Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of NeuroHealth Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuichi Igarashi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xiaoran Cui
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of NeuroHealth Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Wang J, Kimura E, Mongan M, Xia Y. Genetic Control of MAP3K1 in Eye Development and Sex Differentiation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010034. [PMID: 35011600 PMCID: PMC8750206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP3K1 is responsible for transmitting signals to activate specific MAP2K-MAPK cascades. Following the initial biochemical characterization, genetic mouse models have taken center stage to elucidate how MAP3K1 regulates biological functions. To that end, mice were generated with the ablation of the entire Map3k1 gene, the kinase domain coding sequences, or ubiquitin ligase domain mutations. Analyses of the mutants identify diverse roles that MAP3K1 plays in embryonic survival, maturation of T/B cells, and development of sensory organs, including eye and ear. Specifically in eye development, Map3k1 loss-of-function was found to be autosomal recessive for congenital eye abnormalities, but became autosomal dominant in combination with Jnk and RhoA mutations. Additionally, Map3k1 mutation increased eye defects with an exposure to environmental agents such as dioxin. Data from eye developmental models reveal the nexus role of MAP3K1 in integrating genetic and environmental signals to control developmental activities. Here, we focus the discussions on recent advances in understanding the signaling mechanisms of MAP3K1 in eye development in mice and in sex differentiation from human genomics findings. The research works featured here lead to a deeper understanding of the in vivo signaling network, the mechanisms of gene-environment interactions, and the relevance of this multifaceted protein kinase in disease etiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Xia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-558-0371
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13
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Zhao H, Hu R, Li F, Yue X. Two strongly linked blocks within the KIF16B gene significantly influence wool length and greasy yield in fine wool sheep (Ovis aries). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Bolormaa S, Swan AA, Stothard P, Khansefid M, Moghaddar N, Duijvesteijn N, van der Werf JHJ, Daetwyler HD, MacLeod IM. A conditional multi-trait sequence GWAS discovers pleiotropic candidate genes and variants for sheep wool, skin wrinkle and breech cover traits. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:58. [PMID: 34238208 PMCID: PMC8268212 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imputation to whole-genome sequence is now possible in large sheep populations. It is therefore of interest to use this data in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate putative causal variants and genes that underpin economically important traits. Merino wool is globally sought after for luxury fabrics, but some key wool quality attributes are unfavourably correlated with the characteristic skin wrinkle of Merinos. In turn, skin wrinkle is strongly linked to susceptibility to “fly strike” (Cutaneous myiasis), which is a major welfare issue. Here, we use whole-genome sequence data in a multi-trait GWAS to identify pleiotropic putative causal variants and genes associated with changes in key wool traits and skin wrinkle. Results A stepwise conditional multi-trait GWAS (CM-GWAS) identified putative causal variants and related genes from 178 independent quantitative trait loci (QTL) of 16 wool and skin wrinkle traits, measured on up to 7218 Merino sheep with 31 million imputed whole-genome sequence (WGS) genotypes. Novel candidate gene findings included the MAT1A gene that encodes an enzyme involved in the sulphur metabolism pathway critical to production of wool proteins, and the ESRP1 gene. We also discovered a significant wrinkle variant upstream of the HAS2 gene, which in dogs is associated with the exaggerated skin folds in the Shar-Pei breed. Conclusions The wool and skin wrinkle traits studied here appear to be highly polygenic with many putative candidate variants showing considerable pleiotropy. Our CM-GWAS identified many highly plausible candidate genes for wool traits as well as breech wrinkle and breech area wool cover. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00651-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunduimijid Bolormaa
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. .,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Andrew A Swan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Paul Stothard
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Majid Khansefid
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nasir Moghaddar
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Naomi Duijvesteijn
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Hendrix Genetics, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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15
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Cordido A, Vizoso-Gonzalez M, Garcia-Gonzalez MA. Molecular Pathophysiology of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6523. [PMID: 34204582 PMCID: PMC8235086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare disorder and one of the most severe forms of polycystic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in childhood. PKHD1 is the gene that is responsible for the vast majority of ARPKD. However, some cases have been related to a new gene that was recently identified (DZIP1L gene), as well as several ciliary genes that can mimic a ARPKD-like phenotypic spectrum. In addition, a number of molecular pathways involved in the ARPKD pathogenesis and progression were elucidated using cellular and animal models. However, the function of the ARPKD proteins and the molecular mechanism of the disease currently remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the clinics, treatment, genetics, and molecular basis of ARPKD, highlighting the most recent findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cordido
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Vizoso-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Mehta RK, Shukla S, Ramanand SG, Somnay V, Bridges AJ, Lawrence TS, Nyati MK. Disruptin, a cell-penetrating peptide degrader of EGFR: Cell-Penetrating Peptide in Cancer Therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101140. [PMID: 34107419 PMCID: PMC8187233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic injection of Disruptin is effective in small tumors but was minimally effective in animals with established tumors. Intratumoral injections of Disruptin reduced EGFR protein level and slowed tumor growth. Disruptin peptide causes the disappearance of EGFR protein and also affect angiogenesis. The Disruptin peptide was toxic when dosed systemically. Overall, these findings suggest that an agent that can reduce EGFR protein could offer an alternate therapy for EGFR driven tumors.
Disruptin is a cell-permeable decoy peptide designed to destabilize activated EGFR, both by inhibiting Hsp90 chaperoning and dissociating the active asymmetric EGFR dimer, which leads to an increase in engagement of activated EGFR with the proteolytic degradation machinery and subsequent loss from the cells. Disruptin is an N-terminally biotinylated nonadecapeptide, with 8 amino acids from the αC-helix-β4 sheet loop of EGFR (S767-C774) fused to a TAT undecapeptide. The S767-R775 loop is at the interface with juxtamembrane domains in the active EGFR dimers and is a binding site for Hsp90. Cellular studies in EGFR-activated tumor cells demonstrated that Disruptin causes the disappearance of EGFR protein from cells over a few hours, a growth inhibitory effect, similar but more effective than the EGFR kinase inhibition. Interestingly, cells without activated EGFR remained unaffected. In vivo studies showed that Disruptin slowed the growth of small tumors. Larger tumors responded to intratumoral injections but did not respond to systemic administration at tolerated doses. Investigation of these results revealed that systemic administration of Disruptin has acute toxicities, mainly related to its TAT peptide moiety. Therefore, we conclude that although the efficacy of both in vitro and in vivo intratumoral injection of Disruptin supports the therapeutic strategy of blocking activated EGFR dimerization, Disruptin is not suitable for further development. These studies also highlight the importance of the chosen models and drug-delivery methods for such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sushmita Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Susmita G Ramanand
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vishal Somnay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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17
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Akiyama M. Isolated autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis: genetics, pathogenesis and therapies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1788-1796. [PMID: 33988877 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolated autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH) is a rare hereditary hair disease characterized by tightly curled sparse hair at birth or in early infancy. Patients with ARWH consist of genetically heterogeneous groups. Woolly hair autosomal recessive 1 (ARWH1) (MIM #278150), woolly hair autosomal recessive 2 (ARWH2) (MIM #604379) and woolly hair autosomal recessive 3 (ARWH3) (MIM #616760) are caused by mutations in LPAR6, LIPH and KRT25, respectively. In addition, nonsense variants in C3ORF52 (*611956) were identified in ARWH patients. The frequencies of the mutations in the causative genes in ARWH patients are thought to differ by ethnicity and country/geographical area. Large numbers of ARWH families with LIPH mutations have been described only in populations from Japan, Pakistan and the Volga-Ural region of Russia. In that region of Russia, most ARWH families have an extremely prevalent founder mutation, the deletion of exon 4, in LIPH. In the Pakistani population, 47.2% of ARWH families had the disease due to LIPH mutations and 52.8% of them carried LPAR6 mutations. The prevalent, recurrent LIPH mutation c.659_660delTA (p.Ile220Argfs*29) was found in more than half of Pakistani ARWH families with LIPH mutations. Most Japanese ARWH families (98.7%) harbour LIPH mutations, including the two highly prevalent, recurrent LIPH mutations c.736T>A (p.Cys246Ser) and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn). In ARWH patients whose disease was due to LIPH, LPAR6 or C3ORF52 mutations, the loss of function of LIPH, LPAR6 or C3ORF52 leads to reduced LIPH-LPA-LPAR6 signalling, resulting in the decreased transactivation of EGFR signalling and the phenotype of underdeveloped hairs. Our recent prospective interventional study suggests that topical minoxidil might be a promising treatment for ARWH due to LIPH mutations, although sufficiently effective treatments have not been established for ARWH yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Chen B, Wang HL, Chen R, Chen L, Yang S, Wang Y, Xue ZF. An L314Q mutation in Map3k1 gene results in failure of eyelid fusion in the N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutant line. Exp Anim 2021; 70:459-468. [PMID: 34078823 PMCID: PMC8614015 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse model with a corneal opacity phenotype that was associated with “eye open at birth” (EOB). Histological and immunohistochemistry staining analysis showed abnormal differentiation of the corneal epithelial cells in the mutant mice. The EOB phenotype was dominantly inherited on a C57BL/6 (B6) background. This allele carries a T941A substitution in exon 4 that leads to an L314Q amino acid change in the open reading frame of MAP3K1 (MEEK1). We named this novel Map3k1 allele Map3k1L314Q. Phalloidin staining of F-actin was reduced in the mutant epithelial leading edge cells, which is indicative of abnormality in epithelial cell migration. Interestingly enough, not only p-c-Jun and p-JNK but also c-Jun levels were decreased in the mutant epithelial leading edge cells. This study identifies a novel mouse Map3k1 allele causing EOB phenotype and the EOB phenotype in Map3k1L314Q mouse may be associated with the reduced level of p-JNK and c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University
| | | | - Rui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Li Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Shun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Zheng-Feng Xue
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University
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19
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Guo S, Okyere AD, McEachern E, Strong JL, Carter RL, Patwa VC, Thomas TP, Landy M, Song J, Lucchese AM, Martin TG, Gao E, Rajan S, Kirk JA, Koch WJ, Cheung JY, Tilley DG. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent maintenance of cardiac contractility. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1276-1288. [PMID: 33892492 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential to the development of multiple tissues and organs and is a target of cancer therapeutics. Due to the embryonic lethality of global EGFR deletion and conflicting reports of cardiac-overexpressed EGFR mutants, its specific impact on the adult heart, normally or in response to chronic stress, has not been established. Using complimentary genetic strategies to modulate cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR expression, we aim to define its role in the regulation of cardiac function and remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS A floxed EGFR mouse model with α-myosin heavy chain-Cre-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR downregulation (CM-EGFR-KD mice) developed contractile dysfunction by 9 weeks of age, marked by impaired diastolic relaxation, as monitored via echocardiographic, hemodynamic and isolated cardiomyocyte contractility analyses. This contractile defect was maintained over time without overt cardiac remodeling until 10 months of age, after which the mice ultimately developed severe heart failure and reduced lifespan. Acute downregulation of EGFR in adult floxed EGFR mice with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-encoded Cre with a cardiac troponin T promoter (AAV9-cTnT-Cre) recapitulated the CM-EGFR-KD phenotype, while AAV9-cTnT-EGFR treatment of adult CM-EGFR-KD mice rescued the phenotype. Notably, chronic administration of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist isoproterenol effectively and reversibly compensated for the contractile dysfunction in the absence of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in CM-EGFR-KD mice. Mechanistically, EGFR downregulation reduced the expression of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) regulatory subunit Ppp2r3a/PR72, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) and Ca2+ clearance, and whose re-expression via AAV9-cTnT-PR72 rescued the CM-EGFR-KD phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Altogether our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for EGFR in maintaining contractile homeostasis under physiologic conditions in the adult heart via regulation of PR72 expression. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for EGFR in maintaining contractile homeostasis under physiologic conditions in the adult heart via regulation of PR72, a PP2A regulatory subunit with an unknown impact on cardiac function. Further, we have shown that cardiomyocyte-expressed EGFR is required for the promotion of cardiac hypertrophy under conditions of chronic catecholamine stress. Altogether, our study provides new insight into the dynamic nature of cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ama Dedo Okyere
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin McEachern
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshua L Strong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Viren C Patwa
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Toby P Thomas
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Landy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ana Maria Lucchese
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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20
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Sugaya K. Changes in characteristics of murine hair follicles and tissue stem cells by aging. Mech Dev 2020; 163:103630. [PMID: 32645346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is closely related to the organization of stem cells, and skin is thought to be one of the suitable models for its investigation. We have focused on the murine hair follicle to verify this idea because it shows typical aging phenotypes and is a self-renewing structure reconstituted by its own stem cells. However, how changes in the characteristics of the hair follicle and in the behavior of tissue stem cells in the natural hair cycle occur are not fully understood. We investigated the number, morphology and pigmentation of hair follicles in anagen phases during the aging process. In addition, stem cells for keratinocytes and melanocytes were examined to evaluate the correlation between changes in skin characteristics and the stem cells. The remarkable changes caused by aging appeared to be the significant increase in qualitative phenotypes such as curved hair follicles and white hair. A significant difference between the number of keratinocyte and melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge region is likely to be involved in these changes. Our findings may be important for understanding the mechanisms of the actions of stem cells on hair regeneration and for clarifying the mechanisms of age-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.
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21
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Simond AM, Muller WJ. In vivo modeling of the EGFR family in breast cancer progression and therapeutic approaches. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:189-228. [PMID: 32593401 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modeling breast cancer through the generation of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) has become the gold standard in the study of human breast cancer. Notably, the in vivo modeling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family has been key to the development of therapeutics and has helped better understand the signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The HER2/ErbB2 receptor is a member of the EGFR family and 20% of breast cancers are found to belong in the HER2-positive histological subtype. Historical and more recent advances in the field have shaped our understanding of HER2-positive breast cancer signaling and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Simond
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Nguyen ATQ, Lee SY, Chin HJ, Le QVC, Lee D. Kinase activity of ERBB3 contributes to intestinal organoids growth and intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:137-147. [PMID: 31724799 PMCID: PMC6942447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, ERBB3 plays an essential role in development and disease independent of inherently inactive kinase domain. Recently, ERBB3 has been found to bind to ATP and has catalytic activity in vitro. However, the biological function of ERBB3 kinase activity remains elusive in vivo. Here we have identified the physiological function of inactivated ERBB3 kinase activity by creating Erbb3‐K740M knockin mice in which ATP cannot bind to ERBB3. Unlike Erbb3 knockout mice, kinase‐inactive Erbb3K740M homozygous mice were born in Mendelian ratios and showed normal development. After dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, the kinase‐inactive Erbb3 mutant mice showed normal recovery. However, the outgrowth of ileal organoids by neuregulin‐1 treatment was more attenuated in Erbb3 mutant mice than in WT mice. Moreover, in combination with the ApcMin mouse, the proportion of polyps less than 1 mm in diameter in mutant mice was higher than in control mice and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in polyps from mutant mice compared with polyps from control mice. Taken together, the ERBB3 kinase activity contributes to the outgrowth of ileal organoids and intestinal tumorigenesis, and the development of ERBB3 kinase inhibitors, including epidermal growth factor receptor family members, can be a potential way to target colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quy Van-Chanh Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Moll HP, Pranz K, Musteanu M, Grabner B, Hruschka N, Mohrherr J, Aigner P, Stiedl P, Brcic L, Laszlo V, Schramek D, Moriggl R, Eferl R, Moldvay J, Dezso K, Lopez-Casas PP, Stoiber D, Hidalgo M, Penninger J, Sibilia M, Győrffy B, Barbacid M, Dome B, Popper H, Casanova E. Afatinib restrains K-RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/446/eaao2301. [PMID: 29925635 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of clinical trials using first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), it became a doctrine that V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) mutations drive resistance to EGFR inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conversely, we provide evidence that EGFR signaling is engaged in K-RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in humans and in mice. Specifically, genetic mouse models revealed that deletion of Egfr quenches mutant K-RAS activity and transiently reduces tumor growth. However, EGFR inhibition initiates a rapid resistance mechanism involving non-EGFR ERBB family members. This tumor escape mechanism clarifies the disappointing outcome of first-generation TKIs and suggests high therapeutic potential of pan-ERBB inhibitors. On the basis of various experimental models including genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived and cell line-derived xenografts, and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pan-ERBB inhibitor afatinib effectively impairs K-RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis. Our data support reconsidering the use of pan-ERBB inhibition in clinical trials to treat K-RAS-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig P Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Pranz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natascha Hruschka
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Mohrherr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, AT-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CCC, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, ON-M5G 1X5 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON-M5S 1A8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1210 Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and CCC, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezso
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and CCC, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology and Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CCC, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, AT-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Samocha A, Doh H, Kessenbrock K, Roose JP. Unraveling Heterogeneity in Epithelial Cell Fates of the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1423. [PMID: 31554261 PMCID: PMC6826786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluidity in cell fate or heterogeneity in cell identity is an interesting cell biological phenomenon, which at the same time poses a significant obstacle for cancer therapy. The mammary gland seems a relatively straightforward organ with stromal cells and basal- and luminal- epithelial cell types. In reality, the epithelial cell fates are much more complex and heterogeneous, which is the topic of this review. Part of the complexity comes from the dynamic nature of this organ: the primitive epithelial tree undergoes extensively remodeling and expansion during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation and, unlike most other organs, the bulk of mammary gland development occurs late, during puberty. An active cell biological debate has focused on lineage commitment to basal- and luminal- epithelial cell fates by epithelial progenitor and stem cells; processes that are also relevant to cancer biology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of heterogeneity in mammary gland and recent insights obtained through lineage tracing, signaling assays, and organoid cultures. Lastly, we relate these insights to cancer and ongoing efforts to resolve heterogeneity in breast cancer with single-cell RNAseq approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Samocha
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hanna Doh
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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25
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Thomas R, Weihua Z. Rethink of EGFR in Cancer With Its Kinase Independent Function on Board. Front Oncol 2019; 9:800. [PMID: 31508364 PMCID: PMC6716122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of most potent oncogenes that are commonly altered in cancers. As a receptor tyrosine kinase, EGFR's kinase activity has been serving as the primary target for developing cancer therapeutics, namely the EGFR inhibitors including small molecules targeting its ATP binding pocket and monoclonal antibodies targeting its ligand binding domains. EGFR inhibitors have produced impressive therapeutic benefits to responsive types of cancers. However, acquired and innate resistances have precluded current anti-EGFR agents from offering sustainable benefits to initially responsive cancers and benefits to EGFR-positive cancers that are innately resistant. Recent years have witnessed a realization that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. This new knowledge has offered a different angle of understanding of EGFR in cancer and opened a new avenue of targeting EGFR for cancer therapy. There are already many excellent reviews on the role of EGFR with a focus on its kinase-dependent functions and mechanisms of resistance to EGFR targeted therapies. The present opinion aims to initiate a fresh discussion about the function of EGFR in cancer cells by laying out some unanswered questions pertaining to EGFR in cancer cells, by rethinking the unmet therapeutic challenges from a view of EGFR's KID function, and by proposing novel approaches to target the KID functions of EGFR for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhang Weihua
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Linder M, Glitzner E, Srivatsa S, Bakiri L, Matsuoka K, Shahrouzi P, Dumanic M, Novoszel P, Mohr T, Langer O, Wanek T, Mitterhauser M, Wagner EF, Sibilia M. EGFR is required for FOS-dependent bone tumor development via RSK2/CREB signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809408. [PMID: 30361264 PMCID: PMC6220323 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare tumor of the bone occurring mainly in young adults accounting for 5% of all childhood cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options, there has been no survival improvement for OS patients in the past 40 years. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in OS; however, its clinical relevance is unclear. Here, we employed an autochthonous c‐Fos‐dependent OS mouse model (H2‐c‐fosLTR) and human OS tumor biopsies for preclinical studies aimed at identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic benefits of anti‐EGFR therapies. We show that EGFR deletion/inhibition results in reduced tumor formation in H2‐c‐fosLTR mice by directly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer‐initiating osteoblastic cells by a mechanism involving RSK2/CREB‐dependent c‐Fos expression. Furthermore, OS patients with co‐expression of EGFR and c‐Fos exhibit reduced overall survival. Preclinical studies using human OS xenografts revealed that only tumors expressing both EGFR and c‐Fos responded to anti‐EGFR therapy demonstrating that c‐Fos can be considered as a novel biomarker predicting response to anti‐EGFR treatment in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Linder
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sriram Srivatsa
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Parastoo Shahrouzi
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dumanic
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Novoszel
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,LBI Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Amberg N, Sotiropoulou PA, Heller G, Lichtenberger BM, Holcmann M, Camurdanoglu B, Baykuscheva-Gentscheva T, Blanpain C, Sibilia M. EGFR Controls Hair Shaft Differentiation in a p53-Independent Manner. iScience 2019; 15:243-256. [PMID: 31082735 PMCID: PMC6515155 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling controls skin development and homeostasis in mice and humans, and its deficiency causes severe skin inflammation, which might affect epidermal stem cell behavior. Here, we describe the inflammation-independent effects of EGFR deficiency during skin morphogenesis and in adult hair follicle stem cells. Expression and alternative splicing analysis of RNA sequencing data from interfollicular epidermis and outer root sheath indicate that EGFR controls genes involved in epidermal differentiation and also in centrosome function, DNA damage, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Genetic experiments employing p53 deletion in EGFR-deficient epidermis reveal that EGFR signaling exhibits p53-dependent functions in proliferative epidermal compartments, as well as p53-independent functions in differentiated hair shaft keratinocytes. Loss of EGFR leads to absence of LEF1 protein specifically in the innermost epithelial hair layers, resulting in disorganization of medulla cells. Thus, our results uncover important spatial and temporal features of cell-autonomous EGFR functions in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Amberg
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Panagiota A Sotiropoulou
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1070, Belgium
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bahar Camurdanoglu
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Temenuschka Baykuscheva-Gentscheva
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1070, Belgium
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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28
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Nagai T, Trakanant S, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada Y, Watanabe M, Blackburn J, Otsuka-Tanaka Y, Hishinuma M, Kitatmura A, Meguro F, Yamada A, Kodama Y, Maeda T, Zhou Q, Saijo Y, Yasue A, Sharpe PT, Hindges R, Takagi R, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs control eyelid development through regulating Wnt signaling. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:201-210. [PMID: 30653268 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing, location, and level of gene expression are crucial for normal organ development, because morphogenesis requires strict genetic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression level. Although miRNAs are known to be involved in many biological events, the role of miRNAs in organogenesis is not fully understood. Mammalian eyelids fuse and separate during development and growth. In mice, failure of this process results in the eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotype. RESULTS It has been shown that conditional deletion of mesenchymal Dicer (an essential protein for miRNA processing; Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) leads to the EOB phenotype with full penetrance. Here, we identified that the up-regulation of Wnt signaling resulted in the EOB phenotype in Dicer mutants. Down-regulation of Fgf signaling observed in Dicer mutants was caused by an inverse relationship between Fgf and Wnt signaling. Shh and Bmp signaling were down-regulated as the secondary effects in Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. Wnt, Shh, and Fgf signaling were also found to mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in eyelid development. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs control eyelid development through Wnt. Developmental Dynamics 248:201-210, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Momoko Watanabe
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - James Blackburn
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Otsuka-Tanaka
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Hishinuma
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitatmura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kodama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hindges
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Lei L, Su J, Chen J, Chen W, Chen X, Peng C. The role of lysophosphatidic acid in the physiology and pathology of the skin. Life Sci 2018; 220:194-200. [PMID: 30584899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest phospholipid found in nature. LPA is mainly biosynthesized in tissues and cells by autotoxin and PA-PLA1α/PA-PLA1β and is degraded by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). It is an important component of biofilm, an extracellular signal transmitter and intracellular second messenger. After targeting to endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family LPA receptors (LPA1, LPA2, LPA3) and non-Edg family LPA receptors (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6), LPA mediates physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, tumor progression, fibrogenesis, wound healing, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammatory reactions. These processes are induced through signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC)-GSK3β-β-catenin, Rho, Stat, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). LPA is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes in the skin. It not only regulates skin function but also plays an important role in hair follicle development, skin wound healing, pruritus, skin tumors, and scleroderma. Pharmacological inhibition of LPA synthesis or antagonization of LPA receptors is a new strategy for the treatment of various skin disorders. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiologic role of LPA in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junchen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wangqing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Grabon A, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The interface between phosphatidylinositol transfer protein function and phosphoinositide signaling in higher eukaryotes. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:242-268. [PMID: 30504233 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key regulators of a large number of diverse cellular processes that include membrane trafficking, plasma membrane receptor signaling, cell proliferation, and transcription. How a small number of chemically distinct phosphoinositide signals are functionally amplified to exert specific control over such a diverse set of biological outcomes remains incompletely understood. To this end, a novel mechanism is now taking shape, and it involves phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs). The concept that PITPs exert instructive regulation of PtdIns 4-OH kinase activities and thereby channel phosphoinositide production to specific biological outcomes, identifies PITPs as central factors in the diversification of phosphoinositide signaling. There are two evolutionarily distinct families of PITPs: the Sec14-like and the StAR-related lipid transfer domain (START)-like families. Of these two families, the START-like PITPs are the least understood. Herein, we review recent insights into the biochemical, cellular, and physiological function of both PITP families with greater emphasis on the START-like PITPs, and we discuss the underlying mechanisms through which these proteins regulate phosphoinositide signaling and how these actions translate to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Grabon
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Mark I McDermott
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
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31
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Liu W, Pan HF, Wang Q, Zhao ZM. The application of transgenic and gene knockout mice in the study of gastric precancerous lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1929-1939. [PMID: 30477641 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a precursor for gastric dysplasia, which is in turn, a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric metaplasia and dysplasia are known as gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs), which are essential stages in the progression from normal gastric mucosa to gastric cancer (GC) or gastric adenocarcinoma. Genetically-engineered mice have become essential tools in various aspects of GC research, including mechanistic studies and drug discovery. Studies in mouse models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying GPLs and GC. With the development and improvement of gene transfer technology, investigators have created a variety of transgenic and gene knockout mouse models for GPLs, such as H/K-ATPase transgenic and knockout mutant mice and gastrin gene knockout mice. Combined with Helicobacter infection, and treatment with chemical carcinogens, these mice develop GPLs or GC and thus provide models for studying the molecular biology of GC, which may lead to the discovery and development of novel drugs. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the use of genetically-engineered mouse models for GPL research, with particular emphasis on the importance of examining the gastric mucosa at the histological level to investigate morphological changes of GPL and GC and associated protein and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Pan
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangzhou 510095, China
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32
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He L, Gasser RB, Korhonen PK, Di W, Li F, Zhang H, Li F, Zhou Y, Fang R, Zhao J, Hu M. A TGF-β type I receptor-like molecule with a key functional role in Haemonchus contortus development. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:1023-1033. [PMID: 30266591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated the gene of a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type I receptor-like molecule in Haemonchus contortus, a highly pathogenic and economically important parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Designated Hc-tgfbr1, this gene is transcribed in all developmental stages of H. contortus, and the encoded protein has glycine-serine rich and kinase domains characteristic of a TGF-β family type I receptor. Expression of a GFP reporter driven by the putative Hc-tgfbr1 promoter localised to two intestinal rings, the anterior-most intestinal ring (int ring I) and the posterior-most intestinal ring (int ring IX) in Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. Heterologous genetic complementation using a plasmid construct containing Hc-tgfbr1 genomic DNA failed to rescue the function of Ce-daf-1 (a known TGF-β type I receptor gene) in a daf-1-deficient mutant strain of C. elegans. In addition, a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor, galunisertib, and double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) were employed to assess the function of Hc-tgfbr1 in the transition from exsheathed L3 (xL3) to the L4 of H. contortus in vitro, revealing that both galunisertib and Hc-tgfbr1-specific double-stranded RNA could retard L4 development. Taken together, these results provide evidence that Hc-tgfbr1 is involved in developmental processes in H. contortus in the transition from the free-living to the parasitic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wenda Di
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongrun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Facai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yanqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Exploring pitfalls of 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting peptide GE11 as a potential PET tracer. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1415-1431. [PMID: 30039310 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an important molecular target for both radiotracer-based diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various cancer entities. For the delivery of radionuclides to the tumor, peptides hold great potential as a transport vehicle. With respect to EGFR, the peptide YHWYGYTPQNVI (GE11) has been reported to bind the receptor with high specificity and affinity. In the present study, GE11 with β-alanine (β-Ala-GE11) was conjugated to the chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-NOTA and radiolabeled with 64Cu for the first radio pharmacological evaluation as a potential probe for positron emission tomography (PET)-based cancer imaging. For better water solubility, an ethylene glycol-based linker was introduced between the peptide's N terminus and the radionuclide chelator. The stability of the 64Cu-labeled peptide conjugate and its binding to EGFR-expressing tumor cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo, and then compared with the 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting antibody conjugate NOTA-cetuximab. The GE11 peptide conjugate [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-linker-β-Ala-GE11 ([64Cu]Cu-1) was stable in a buffer solution for at least 24 h but only 50% of the original compound was detected after 24 h of incubation in human serum. Stability could be improved by amidation of the peptide's C terminus (β-Ala-GE11-NH2 (2)). Binding assays with both conjugates, [64Cu]Cu-1 and [64Cu]Cu-2, using the EGFR-expressing tumor cell lines A431 and FaDu showed no specific binding. A pilot small animal PET investigation in FaDu tumor-bearing mice revealed only low tumor uptake (standard uptake value (SUV) < 0.2) for both conjugates. The best tumor-to-muscle ratio determined was 3.75 for [64Cu]Cu-1, at 1 h post injection. In conclusion, the GE11 conjugates in its present form are not suitable for further biological investigations, since they presumably form aggregates.
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McKnight BN, Kuda-Wedagedara ANW, Sevak KK, Abdel-Atti D, Wiesend WN, Ku A, Selvakumar D, Carlin SD, Lewis JS, Viola-Villegas NT. Imaging EGFR and HER3 through 89Zr-labeled MEHD7945A (Duligotuzumab). Sci Rep 2018; 8:9043. [PMID: 29899472 PMCID: PMC5998059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance to treatment paved the way toward the development of single agent drugs that target multiple molecular signatures amplified within the malignancy. The discovered crosstalk between EGFR and HER3 as well as the role of HER3 in mediating EGFR resistance made these two receptor tyrosine kinases attractive targets. MEHD7945A or duligotuzumab is a single immunotherapy agent that dually targets both molecular signatures. In this study, a positron emission tomography (PET) companion diagnostic to MEHD7945A is reported and evaluated in pancreatic cancer. Tumor accretion and whole body pharmacokinetics of 89Zr-MEHD7945A were established. Specificity of the probe for EGFR and/or HER3 was further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N McKnight
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Kuntal K Sevak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dalya Abdel-Atti
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wendy N Wiesend
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, 3601 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Anson Ku
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Sean D Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nerissa T Viola-Villegas
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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35
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Ray P, Tan YS, Somnay V, Mehta R, Sitto M, Ahsan A, Nyati S, Naughton JP, Bridges A, Zhao L, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS, Ray D, Nyati MK. Differential protein stability of EGFR mutants determines responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68597-68613. [PMID: 27612423 PMCID: PMC5356576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying specific EGFR kinase activating mutations (L858R, delE746-A750) respond well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, drug resistance develops within a year. In about 50% of such patients, acquired drug resistance is attributed to the enrichment of a constitutively active point mutation within the EGFR kinase domain (T790M). To date, differential drug-binding and altered ATP affinities by EGFR mutants have been shown to be responsible for differential TKI response. As it has been reported that EGFR stability plays a role in the survival of EGFR driven cancers, we hypothesized that differential TKI-induced receptor degradation between the sensitive L858R and delE746-A750 and the resistant T790M may also play a role in drug responsiveness. To explore this, we have utilized an EGFR-null CHO overexpression system as well as NSCLC cell lines expressing various EGFR mutants and determined the effects of erlotinib treatment. We found that erlotinib inhibits EGFR phosphorylation in both TKI sensitive and resistant cells, but the protein half-lives of L858R and delE746-A750 were significantly shorter than L858R/T790M. Third generation EGFR kinase inhibitor (AZD9291) inhibits the growth of L858R/T790M-EGFR driven cells and also induces EGFR degradation. Erlotinib treatment induced polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, primarily in a c-CBL-independent manner, in TKI sensitive L858R and delE746-A750 mutants when compared to the L858R/T790M mutant, which correlated with drug sensitivity. These data suggest an additional mechanism of TKI resistance, and we postulate that agents that degrade L858R/T790M-EGFR protein may overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yee Sun Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vishal Somnay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ranjit Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Merna Sitto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aarif Ahsan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Current address: Oncology Research Unit East, Pfizer, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John P Naughton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Current address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Alexander Bridges
- School of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Sigismund S, Avanzato D, Lanzetti L. Emerging functions of the EGFR in cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:3-20. [PMID: 29124875 PMCID: PMC5748484 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and breast cancer and in glioblastoma, the EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. Inappropriate activation of the EGFR in cancer mainly results from amplification and point mutations at the genomic locus, but transcriptional upregulation or ligand overproduction due to autocrine/paracrine mechanisms has also been described. Moreover, the EGFR is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of resistance in tumors, as its amplification or secondary mutations have been found to arise under drug pressure. This evidence, in addition to the prominent function that this receptor plays in normal epithelia, has prompted intense investigations into the role of the EGFR both at physiological and at pathological level. Despite the large body of knowledge obtained over the last two decades, previously unrecognized (herein defined as 'noncanonical') functions of the EGFR are currently emerging. Here, we will initially review the canonical ligand-induced EGFR signaling pathway, with particular emphasis to its regulation by endocytosis and subversion in human tumors. We will then focus on the most recent advances in uncovering noncanonical EGFR functions in stress-induced trafficking, autophagy, and energy metabolism, with a perspective on future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM)MilanItaly
| | - Daniele Avanzato
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolItaly,Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO ‐ IRCCSCandiolo, TorinoItaly
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolItaly,Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO ‐ IRCCSCandiolo, TorinoItaly
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Mali V, Haddox S, Hornersmith C, Matrougui K, Belmadani S. Essential role for EGFR tyrosine kinase and ER stress in myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:471-480. [PMID: 29288332 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) activity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are enhanced in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice and cause vascular dysfunction. In the present study, we determined the in vivo contribution of EGFRtk and ER stress in acute myocardial infarction induced by acute ischemia (40 min)-reperfusion (24 h) (I/R) injury in T2D (db-/db-) mice. We treated db-/db- mice with EGFRtk inhibitor (AG1478, 10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Mice were then subjected to myocardial I/R injury. The db-/db- mice developed a significant infarct after I/R injury. The inhibition of EGFRtk significantly reduced the infarct size and ER stress induction. We also determined that the inhibition of ER stress (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, 150 mg/kg per day) in db-/db- significantly decrease the infarct size indicating that ER stress is a downstream mechanism to EGFRtk. Moreover, AG1478 and TUDCA reduced myocardium p38 and ERK1/2 MAP-kinases activity, and increased the activity of the pro-survival signaling cascade Akt. Additionally, the inhibition of EGFRtk and ER stress reduced cell apoptosis and the inflammation as indicated by the reduction in macrophages and neutrophil infiltration. We determined for the first time that the inhibition of EGFRtk protects T2D heart against I/R injury through ER stress-dependent mechanism. The cardioprotective effect of EGFRtk and ER stress inhibition involves the activation of survival pathway, and inhibition of apoptosis, and inflammation. Thus, targeting EGFRtk and ER stress has the potential for therapy to overcome myocardial infarction in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Samuel Haddox
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | | | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Souad Belmadani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA.
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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39
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Role of EGF receptor signaling on morphogenesis of eyelid and meibomian glands. Exp Eye Res 2017; 163:58-63. [PMID: 28950938 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has a pivotal role in the regulation of morphogenesis during development and maintenance of homeostasis in adult eyelid and its adnexa. Studies have demonstrated that during eyelid morphogenesis the EGFR signaling pathway is responsible for keratinocyte and mesenchymal cell proliferation and migration at the eyelid tip. For meibomian gland morphogenesis, EGFR signaling activation stimulates meibomian gland epithelial cell proliferation. EGFR signaling pathway functions through multiple downstream signals such as ERK, Rho/ROCK and integrin and is regulated by a variety of upstream signals including Adam17, GPR48 and FGFR signaling. Herein we review the literature that describe the role of EGFR and its related signaling pathways in eyelid and meibomian gland morphogenesis.
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40
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Allan CM, Tran D, Tu Y, Heizer PJ, Young LC, Fong LG, Beigneux AP, Young SG. A hypomorphic Egfr allele does not ameliorate the palmoplantar keratoderma caused by SLURP1 deficiency. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1134-1136. [PMID: 28418591 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SLURP1, a secreted protein of keratinocytes, cause a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) known as mal de Meleda. Slurp1 deficiency in mice faithfully recapitulates the human disease, with increased keratinocyte proliferation and thickening of the epidermis on the volar surface of the paws. There has long been speculation that SLURP1 serves as a ligand for a receptor that regulates keratinocyte growth and differentiation. We were intrigued that mutations leading to increased signalling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cause PPK. Here, we sought to determine whether reducing EGFR signalling would ameliorate the PPK associated with SLURP1 deficiency. To address this issue, we bred Slurp1-deficient mice that were homozygous for a hypomorphic Egfr allele. The hypomorphic Egfr allele, which leads to reduced EGFR signalling in keratinocytes, did not ameliorate the PPK elicited by SLURP1 deficiency, suggesting that SLURP1 deficiency causes PPK independently (or downstream) from the EGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deanna Tran
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiping Tu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine C Young
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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41
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Srivatsa S, Paul MC, Cardone C, Holcmann M, Amberg N, Pathria P, Diamanti MA, Linder M, Timelthaler G, Dienes HP, Kenner L, Wrba F, Prager GW, Rose-John S, Eferl R, Liguori G, Botti G, Martinelli E, Greten FR, Ciardiello F, Sibilia M. EGFR in Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells Promotes Development of Colorectal Cancer in Mice and Associates With Outcomes of Patients. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:178-190.e10. [PMID: 28400195 PMCID: PMC5766132 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal tumors without RAS mutations. However, EGFR inhibitors are ineffective in these patients, and tumor level of EGFR does not associate with response to therapy. We screened human colorectal tumors for EGFR-positive myeloid cells and investigated their association with patient outcome. We also performed studies in mice to evaluate how EGFR expression in tumor cells and myeloid cells contributes to development of colitis-associated cancer and ApcMin-dependent intestinal tumorigenesis. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses of 116 colorectal tumor biopsies to determine levels of EGFR in tumor and stroma; we also collected information on tumor stage and patient features and outcomes. We used the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests to correlate tumor levels of EGFR with tumor stage, and the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate patients' median survival time. We performed experiments in mice lacking EGFR in intestinal epithelial cells (Villin-Cre; Egfrf/f and Villin-CreERT2; Egfrf/f mice) or myeloid cells (LysM-Cre; Egfrf/f mice) on a mixed background. These mice were bred with ApcMin/+ mice; colitis-associated cancer and colitis were induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), with or without azoxymethane (AOM), respectively. Villin-CreERT2 was activated in developed tumors by administration of tamoxifen to mice. Littermates that expressed full-length EGFR were used as controls. Intestinal tissues were collected; severity of colitis, numbers and size of tumors, and intestinal barrier integrity were assessed by histologic, immunohistochemical, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS We detected EGFR in myeloid cells in the stroma of human colorectal tumors; myeloid cell expression of EGFR associated with tumor metastasis and shorter patient survival time. Mice with deletion of EGFR from myeloid cells formed significantly fewer and smaller tumors than the respective EGFR-expressing controls in an ApcMin/+ background as well as after administration of AOM and DSS. Deletion of EGFR from intestinal epithelial cells did not affect tumor growth. Furthermore, tamoxifen-induced deletion of EGFR from epithelial cells of established intestinal tumors in mice given AOM and DSS did not reduce tumor size. EGFR signaling in myeloid cells promoted activation of STAT3 and expression of survivin in intestinal tumor cells. Mice with deletion of EGFR from myeloid cells developed more severe colitis after DSS administration, characterized by increased intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption, than control mice or mice with deletion of EGFR from intestinal epithelial cells. EGFR-deficient myeloid cells in the colon of DSS-treated LysM-Cre; Egfrf/f mice had reduced expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), and epithelial STAT3 activation was reduced compared with controls. Administration of recombinant IL6 to LysM-Cre; Egfrf/f mice given DSS protected them from weight loss and restored epithelial proliferation and STAT3 activation, compared with administration of DSS alone to these mice. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of EGFR in myeloid cells from the colorectal tumor stroma associates with tumor progression and reduced survival time of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Deletion of EGFR from myeloid cells, but not intestinal epithelial cells, protects mice from colitis-induced intestinal cancer and ApcMin-dependent intestinal tumorigenesis. Myeloid cell expression of EGFR increases activation of STAT3 and expression of survivin in intestinal epithelial cells and expression of IL6 in colon tissues. These findings indicate that expression of EGFR by myeloid cells of the colorectal tumor stroma, rather than the cancer cells themselves, contributes to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Srivatsa
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariel C Paul
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Cardone
- Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Amberg
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela A Diamanti
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Linder
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans P Dienes
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBI-CR, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Wrba
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Medical Faculty, Olshausenstraße 40, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Pathology Unit, National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, Via M Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, Via M Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Overstreet JM, Wang Y, Wang X, Niu A, Gewin LS, Yao B, Harris RC, Zhang MZ. Selective activation of epidermal growth factor receptor in renal proximal tubule induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28626027 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601359rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and renal fibrosis; however, the causative role of sustained EGFR activation is unclear. Here, we generated a novel kidney fibrotic mouse model of persistent EGFR activation by selectively expressing the EGFR ligand, human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (hHB-EGF), in renal proximal tubule epithelium. hHB-EGF expression increased tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of EGFR and the subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways, including ERK and AKT, as well as the profibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD pathway. Epithelial-specific activation of EGFR was sufficient to promote spontaneous and progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as characterized by increased collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. Tubule-specific EGFR activation promoted epithelial dedifferentiation and cell-cycle arrest. Furthermore, EGFR activation in epithelial cells promoted the proliferation of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts in a paracrine manner. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity or downstream MEK activity attenuated the fibrotic phenotype. This study provides definitive evidence that sustained activation of EGFR in proximal epithelia is sufficient to cause spontaneous, progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, evident by epithelial dedifferentiation, increased myofibroblasts, immune cell infiltration, and increased matrix deposition.-Overstreet, J. M., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Niu, A., Gewin, L. S., Yao, B., Harris, R. C., Zhang, M.-Z. Selective activation of epidermal growth factor receptor in renal proximal tubule induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; .,Department of Nephrology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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43
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Li H, You L, Xie J, Pan H, Han W. The roles of subcellularly located EGFR in autophagy. Cell Signal 2017; 35:223-230. [PMID: 28428083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-studied receptor-tyrosine kinase that serves vital roles in regulation of organ development and cancer progression. EGFR not only exists on the plasma membrane, but also widely expressed in the nucleus, endosomes, and mitochondria. Most recently, several lines of evidences indicated that autophagy is regulated by EGFR in kinase-active and -independent manners. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the functions of different subcellularly located EGFR on autophagy. Specifically, plasma membrane- and cytoplasm-located EGFR (pcEGFR) acts as a tyrosine kinase to regulate autophagy via the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR, RAS/MAPK1/3, and STAT3 signaling pathways. The kinase-independent function of pcEGFR inhibits autophagy by maintaining SLC5A1-regulated intracellular glucose level. Endosome-located EGFR phosphorylates and inhibits Beclin1 to suppress autophagy, while kinase-independent endosome-located EGFR releases Beclin1 from the Rubicon-Beclin1 complex to increase autophagy. Additionally, the nuclear EGFR activates PRKDC/PNPase/MYC signaling to inhibit autophagy. Although the role of mitochondria-located EGFR in autophagy is largely unexplored, the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species mediated by mitochondrial dynamics is most likely to influence autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangkun You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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44
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Draut H, Rehm T, Begemann G, Schobert R. Antiangiogenic and Toxic Effects of Genistein, Usnic Acid, and Their Copper Complexes in Zebrafish Embryos at Different Developmental Stages. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27936296 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a major role in the normal embryonic development and in diseases such as cancer. Drugs that control angiogenesis are an alternative way to tackle this disease. The polyphenols usnic acid (3), genistein (5), and daidzein (6) were tested for antiangiogenic and unwanted effects in zebrafish embryos whose blood vessel system resembles that of mammals. The established tyrosine kinase inhibitors axitinib (1) and tyrphostin AG490 (2) were included for comparison. All compounds except 6 caused distinct antiangiogenic effects such as a concentration-dependent reduction of intersegmental vessels, dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels, subintestinal veins and secondary sprouts. As side effects, pericardial oedema and the impairment of blood flow were observed. Usnic acid (3), genistein (5) and Cu(II)-genisteinate (7) gave rise to a curvature of the spine. Compounds 5 and 7 also induced cell death in the head of the embryos at higher doses. All effects were more pronounced when the compounds had been applied at an early stage (24 hpf) rather than at 48 hpf. The copper complexes 4 and 7 showed a stronger antiangiogenic effect than the free ligands 3 and 5. The genistein complex 7 was antiangiogenic at doses so low that side effects were tolerable, and thus it may be a potential anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Draut
- Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, NW 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Developmental Biology, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Rehm
- Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, NW 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gerrit Begemann
- Developmental Biology, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, NW 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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45
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Iwamoto R, Mine N, Mizushima H, Mekada E. ErbB1 and ErbB4 generate opposing signals regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during valvulogenesis. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HB-EGF plays an indispensable role in suppression of cell proliferation during mouse valvulogenesis. However, ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), including HB-EGF, are generally considered as growth-promoting factors as shown in cancers. HB-EGF binds to and activates ErbB1 and ErbB4. We investigated the role of ErbB receptors in valvulogenesis in vivo using ErbB1- and ErbB4-deficient mice, and an ex vivo model of endocardial cushion explants. We show that HB-EGF suppresses valve mesenchymal cell proliferation through a heterodimer of ErbB1 and ErbB4, and an ErbB1 ligand(s) promotes cell proliferation through a homodimer of ErbB1. Moreover, a rescue experiment with cleavable or uncleavable isoforms of ErbB4 in ERBB4 null cells indicates that the cleavable JM-a-type, but not the uncleavable JM-b-type, of ErbB4 rescues the defect of the null cells. These data suggest that the cytoplasmic intracellular domain of ErbB4, rather than the membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase, achieves this suppression. Our study demonstrates that opposing signals generated by different ErbB dimer combinations function in the same cardiac cushion mesenchymal cells for proper cardiac valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Mine
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Present address: CanBas Co., Ltd. 2-2-1 Ohtemachi, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Mekada
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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46
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Zhang H, Zhan C, Ke J, Xue Z, Zhang A, Xu K, Shen Z, Yu L, Chen L. EGFR kinase domain mutation positive lung cancers are sensitive to intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) complete treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3367-78. [PMID: 26654941 PMCID: PMC4823112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the global leading cause of cancer-related deaths. A significant portion of lung cancer patients harbor kinase domain mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). While EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) effectively shrink tumors harboring mutant EGFR, clinical efficacy is limited by the development of TKI resistance. Effective alternatives are desperately needed in clinic for treating EGFR kinase domain mutation positive lung cancer. In our clinic in treating M1a lung cancer patients through intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) followed by cycles of systemic chemotherapy (we termed this procedure IPHC complete treatment, IPHC-CT), we found dramatic tumor shrinkage in mutant EGFR-positive patients. We further confirmed the sensitivity of EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer cell lines derived from patients to HC (hyperthermic chemotherapy) treatment. We found that hyperthermia promoted accumulation of cisplatin in lung cancer cells. Hyperthermia and cisplatin synergistically downregulated the EGFR protein level, leading to quenching of signal from EGFR and induction of apoptosis. Our work therefore showed IPHC-CT is an effective treatment for EGFR kinase domain mutation positive lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Ke
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xue
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiqun Zhang
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kaifeng Xu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
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47
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Kung JE, Jura N. Structural Basis for the Non-catalytic Functions of Protein Kinases. Structure 2016; 24:7-24. [PMID: 26745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are known primarily for their ability to phosphorylate protein substrates, which constitutes an essential biological process. Recently, compelling evidence has accumulated that the functions of many protein kinases extend beyond phosphorylation and include an impressive spectrum of non-catalytic roles, such as scaffolding, allosteric regulation, or even protein-DNA interactions. How the conserved kinase fold shared by all metazoan protein kinases can accomplish these diverse tasks in a specific and regulated manner is poorly understood. In this review, we analyze the molecular mechanisms supporting phosphorylation-independent signaling by kinases and attempt to identify common and unique structural characteristics that enable kinases to perform non-catalytic functions. We also discuss how post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and small molecules modulate these non-canonical kinase functions. Finally, we highlight current efforts in the targeted design of small-molecule modulators of non-catalytic kinase functions, a new pharmacological challenge for which structural considerations are more important than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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48
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Wu J, Liu W, Williams JP, Ratner N. EGFR-Stat3 signalling in nerve glial cells modifies neurofibroma initiation. Oncogene 2016; 36:1669-1677. [PMID: 27748759 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited disease in which affected patients are predisposed to develop benign Schwann cell (SC) tumours called neurofibromas. In the mouse, loss of Nf1 in the SC lineage causes neurofibroma formation. The tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR is expressed in Schwann cell precursors (SCP), which have been implicated in plexiform neurofibroma initiation. To test if EGFR activity affects neurofibroma initiation, size, and/or number, we studied mice expressing human EGFR in SCs and SCP in the context of mice that form neurofibromas. Neurofibroma number increased in homozygous CNP-hEGFR mice versus heterozygous littermates, and neurofibroma number and size increased when CNP-hEGFR was crossed to Nf1fl/fl;DhhCre mice. Conversely, diminished EGFR signalling in Nf1fl/fl;DhhCre;Wa2/+ mice decreased neurofibroma number. In vivo transplantation verified the correlation between EGFR activity and neurofibroma formation. Mechanistically, expression of CNP-hEGFR increased SCP/neurofibroma-initiating cell self-renewal, a surrogate for tumour initiation, and activated P-Stat3. Further, Il-6 reinforced Jak2/Stat3 activation in SCPs and SCs. These gain- and loss-of function assays show that levels of tyrosine kinase expression in SCPs modify neurofibroma initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W Liu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J P Williams
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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49
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Ray D, Cuneo KC, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS, Nyati MK. Inducing Oncoprotein Degradation to Improve Targeted Cancer Therapy. Neoplasia 2016; 17:697-703. [PMID: 26476077 PMCID: PMC4611070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, inhibition of the kinase activities of oncogenic proteins using small molecules and antibodies has been a mainstay of our anticancer drug development effort, resulting in several Food and Drug Administration–approved cancer therapies. The clinical effectiveness of kinase-targeted agents has been inconsistent, mostly because of the development of resistance. The expression and function of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are regulated by numerous posttranslational protein modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation; hence, targeting specific posttranslational protein modifications provides for an attractive strategy for anticancer drug development. The present review discusses the hypothesis that targeted degradation of an oncoprotein may overcome many of the shortcomings seen with kinase inhibitors and that the approach would enable targeted inhibition of oncogenic proteins previously thought to be undruggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kyle C Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.
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50
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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