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Doms S, Fokt H, Rühlemann MC, Chung CJ, Kuenstner A, Ibrahim SM, Franke A, Turner LM, Baines JF. Key features of the genetic architecture and evolution of host-microbe interactions revealed by high-resolution genetic mapping of the mucosa-associated gut microbiome in hybrid mice. eLife 2022; 11:75419. [PMID: 35866635 PMCID: PMC9307277 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the forces that shape diversity in host-associated bacterial communities is critical to understanding the evolution and maintenance of metaorganisms. To gain deeper understanding of the role of host genetics in shaping gut microbial traits, we employed a powerful genetic mapping approach using inbred lines derived from the hybrid zone of two incipient house mouse species. Furthermore, we uniquely performed our analysis on microbial traits measured at the gut mucosal interface, which is in more direct contact with host cells and the immune system. Several mucosa-associated bacterial taxa have high heritability estimates, and interestingly, 16S rRNA transcript-based heritability estimates are positively correlated with cospeciation rate estimates. Genome-wide association mapping identifies 428 loci influencing 120 taxa, with narrow genomic intervals pinpointing promising candidate genes and pathways. Importantly, we identified an enrichment of candidate genes associated with several human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, and functional categories including innate immunity and G-protein-coupled receptors. These results highlight key features of the genetic architecture of mammalian host-microbe interactions and how they diverge as new species form. The digestive system, particularly the large intestine, hosts many types of bacteria which together form the gut microbiome. The exact makeup of different bacterial species is specific to an individual, but microbiomes are often more similar between related individuals, and more generally, across related species. Whether this is because individuals share similar environments or similar genetic backgrounds remains unclear. These two factors can be disentangled by breeding different animal lineages – which have different genetic backgrounds while belonging to the same species – and then raising the progeny in the same environment. To investigate this question, Doms et al. studied the genes and microbiomes of mice resulting from breeding strains from multiple locations in a natural hybrid zone between different subspecies. The experiments showed that 428 genetic regions affected the makeup of the microbiome, many of which were known to be associated with human diseases. Further analysis revealed 79 genes that were particularly interesting, as they were involved in recognition and communication with bacteria. These results show how the influence of the host genome on microbiome composition becomes more specialized as animals evolve. Overall, the work by Doms et al. helps to pinpoint the genes that impact the microbiome; this knowledge could be helpful to examine how these interactions contribute to the emergence of conditions such as diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease, which are linked to perturbations in gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni Doms
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanna Fokt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Christoph Rühlemann
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cecilia J Chung
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Kuenstner
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Mills RH, Dulai PS, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Sauceda C, Daniel N, Gerner RR, Batachari LE, Malfavon M, Zhu Q, Weldon K, Humphrey G, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Goldasich LD, Bryant M, Raffatellu M, Quinn RA, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B, Chu H, Sandborn WJ, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Gonzalez DJ. Multi-omics analyses of the ulcerative colitis gut microbiome link Bacteroides vulgatus proteases with disease severity. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:262-276. [PMID: 35087228 PMCID: PMC8852248 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-01050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by disruptions in host-microbiota homoeostasis, but current treatments exclusively target host inflammatory pathways. To understand how host-microbiota interactions become disrupted in UC, we collected and analysed six faecal- or serum-based omic datasets (metaproteomic, metabolomic, metagenomic, metapeptidomic and amplicon sequencing profiles of faecal samples and proteomic profiles of serum samples) from 40 UC patients at a single inflammatory bowel disease centre, as well as various clinical, endoscopic and histologic measures of disease activity. A validation cohort of 210 samples (73 UC, 117 Crohn's disease, 20 healthy controls) was collected and analysed separately and independently. Data integration across both cohorts showed that a subset of the clinically active UC patients had an overabundance of proteases that originated from the bacterium Bacteroides vulgatus. To test whether B. vulgatus proteases contribute to UC disease activity, we first profiled B. vulgatus proteases found in patients and bacterial cultures. Use of a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor improved B. vulgatus-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro, and prevented colitis in B. vulgatus monocolonized, IL10-deficient mice. Furthermore, transplantation of faeces from UC patients with a high abundance of B. vulgatus proteases into germfree mice induced colitis dependent on protease activity. These results, stemming from a multi-omics approach, improve understanding of functional microbiota alterations that drive UC and provide a resource for identifying other pathways that could be inhibited as a strategy to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- INSERM U1016, team Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Mario Malfavon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, team Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Zhou D, Xue J, Miyamoto Y, Poulsen O, Eckmann L, Haddad GG. Microbiota Modulates Cardiac Transcriptional Responses to Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:680275. [PMID: 34248668 PMCID: PMC8267877 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.680275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays a critical role in regulating organismal health and response to environmental stresses. Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, a condition that represents the main hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea in humans, is known to induce significant alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolism, and promotes the progression of atherosclerosis in mouse models. To further understand the role of the microbiome in the cardiovascular response to intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, we developed a new rodent cage system that allows exposure of mice to controlled levels of O2 and CO2 under gnotobiotic conditions. Using this experimental setup, we determined the impact of the microbiome on the transcriptional response to intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia in the left ventricle of the mouse heart. We identified significant changes in gene expression in both conventionally reared and germ-free mice. Following intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia exposure, we detected 192 significant changes in conventionally reared mice (96 upregulated and 96 downregulated) and 161 significant changes (70 upregulated and 91 downregulated) in germ-free mice. Only 19 of these differentially expressed transcripts (∼10%) were common to conventionally reared and germ-free mice. Such distinct transcriptional responses imply that the host microbiota plays an important role in regulating the host transcriptional response to intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia in the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jin Xue
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Orit Poulsen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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