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Chadney OMT, Blankvoort S, Grimstvedt JS, Utz A, Kentros CG. Multiplexing viral approaches to the study of the neuronal circuits. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 357:109142. [PMID: 33753126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits are composed of multitudes of elaborately interconnected cell types. Understanding neural circuit function requires not only cell-specific knowledge of connectivity, but the ability to record and manipulate distinct cell types independently. Recent advances in viral vectors promise the requisite specificity to perform true "circuit-breaking" experiments. However, such new avenues of multiplexed, cell-specific investigation raise new technical issues: one must ensure that both the viral vectors and their transgene payloads do not overlap with each other in both an anatomical and a functional sense. This review describes benefits and issues regarding the use of viral vectors to analyse the function of neural circuits and provides a resource for the design and implementation of such multiplexing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M T Chadney
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stefan Blankvoort
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim S Grimstvedt
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annika Utz
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford G Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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2
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Kobro-Flatmoen A, Witter MP. Neuronal chemo-architecture of the entorhinal cortex: A comparative review. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3627-3662. [PMID: 31293027 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of neuronal markers, that is, molecules selectively present in subsets of neurons, contributes to our understanding of brain areas and the networks within them. Specifically, recognizing the distribution of different neuronal markers facilitates the identification of borders between functionally distinct brain areas. Detailed knowledge about the localization and physiological significance of neuronal markers may also provide clues to generate new hypotheses concerning aspects of normal and abnormal brain functioning. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the distribution within the entorhinal cortex of neuronal markers and the morphology of the neurons they reveal. Emphasis is on the comparative distribution of several markers, with a focus on, but not restricted to rodent, monkey and human data, allowing to infer connectional features, across species, associated with these markers, based on what is revealed by mainly rodent data. The overall conclusion from this review is that there is an emerging pattern in the distribution of neuronal markers in the entorhinal cortex when aligning data along a comparable coordinate system in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Kanter BR, Lykken CM, Avesar D, Weible A, Dickinson J, Dunn B, Borgesius NZ, Roudi Y, Kentros CG. A Novel Mechanism for the Grid-to-Place Cell Transformation Revealed by Transgenic Depolarization of Medial Entorhinal Cortex Layer II. Neuron 2017; 93:1480-1492.e6. [PMID: 28334610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatial receptive fields of neurons in medial entorhinal cortex layer II (MECII) and in the hippocampus suggest general and environment-specific maps of space, respectively. However, the relationship between these receptive fields remains unclear. We reversibly manipulated the activity of MECII neurons via chemogenetic receptors and compared the changes in downstream hippocampal place cells to those of neurons in MEC. Depolarization of MECII impaired spatial memory and elicited drastic changes in CA1 place cells in a familiar environment, similar to those seen during remapping between distinct environments, while hyperpolarization did not. In contrast, both manipulations altered the firing rate of MEC neurons without changing their firing locations. Interestingly, only depolarization caused significant changes in the relative firing rates of individual grid fields, reconfiguring the spatial input from MEC. This suggests a novel mechanism of hippocampal remapping whereby rate changes in MEC neurons lead to locational changes of hippocampal place fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Kanter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Christine M Lykken
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Daniel Avesar
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Aldis Weible
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Jasmine Dickinson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Benjamin Dunn
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils Z Borgesius
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yasser Roudi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford G Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Stoneham ET, McHail DG, Boggs KN, Albani SH, Carty JA, Evans RC, Hamilton KA, Saadat VM, Hussain S, Greer ME, Dumas TC. Functional perturbation of forebrain principal neurons reveals differential effects in novel and well-learned tasks. Brain Res 2017; 1671:1-13. [PMID: 28666957 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits in mammalian brains consist of large numbers of different cell types having different functional properties. To better understand the separate roles of individual neuron types in specific aspects of spatial learning and memory, we perturbed the function of principal neurons in vivo during maze performance or in hippocampal slices during recording of evoked excitatory synaptic potentials. Transgenic mice expressing the Drosophila allatostatin receptor (AlstR) in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells were tested on an elevated plus maze, in a Y-maze, and in the Morris water maze. Relative to a control cohort, AlstR-positive mice treated with allatostatin exhibited no difference in open arm dwell time on the elevated plus maze or total number of arm entries in a Y-maze, but displayed reduced spontaneous alternation. When animals received massed or spaced training trials in the Morris water maze, and the peptide was delivered prior to an immediate probe, no effects on performance were observed. When the peptide was delivered during a probe trial performed 24h after seven days of spaced training, allatostatin delivery to AlstR positive mice enhanced direct navigation to the escape platform. Combined, these results suggest that cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons are required during spatial decision-making in a novel environment and compete with other neural systems after extended training in a long-term reference memory task. In hippocampal slices collected from AlstR positive animals, allatostatin delivery produced frequency dependent alterations in the Schaffer collateral fiber volley (attenuated accommodation at 100Hz) and excitatory postsynaptic potential (attenuated facilitation at 5Hz). Combined, the neural and behavioral discoveries support the involvement of short-term plasticity of Schaffer collateral axons and synapses during exploration of a novel environment and during initial orientation to a goal in a well-learned setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Stoneham
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Daniel G McHail
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Katelyn N Boggs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sarah H Albani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jason A Carty
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Rebekah C Evans
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kelly A Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Victoria M Saadat
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Samanza Hussain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Maggie E Greer
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Theodore C Dumas
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
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Roudi Y, Dunn B, Hertz J. Multi-neuronal activity and functional connectivity in cell assemblies. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 32:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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