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Pronier É, Morici JF, Girardeau G. The role of the hippocampus in the consolidation of emotional memories during sleep. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:912-925. [PMID: 37714808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory relies on the hippocampus, a heterogeneous brain region with distinct functions. Spatial representations in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) are crucial for contextual memory, while the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) is more involved in emotional processing. Here, we review the literature in rodents highlighting the anatomical and functional properties of the hippocampus along its dorsoventral axis that underlie its role in contextual and emotional memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. We propose that the coordination between the dorsal and vHPC through theta oscillations during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and through sharp-wave ripples during non-REM (NREM) sleep, might facilitate the transfer of contextual information for integration with valence-related processing in other structures of the network. Further investigation into the physiology of the vHPC and its connections with other brain areas is needed to deepen the current understanding of emotional memory consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éléonore Pronier
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Inserm U1270, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Paré D, Headley DB. The amygdala mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple interacting mechanisms. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100529. [PMID: 36970449 PMCID: PMC10034520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotionally arousing experiences are better remembered than neutral ones, highlighting that memory consolidation differentially promotes retention of experiences depending on their survival value. This paper reviews evidence indicating that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple mechanisms. Emotionally arousing events, in part by triggering the release of stress hormones, cause a long-lasting enhancement in the firing rate and synchrony of BLA neurons. BLA oscillations, particularly gamma, play an important role in synchronizing the activity of BLA neurons. In addition, BLA synapses are endowed with a unique property, an elevated post-synaptic expression of NMDA receptors. As a result, the synchronized gamma-related recruitment of BLA neurons facilitates synaptic plasticity at other inputs converging on the same target neurons. Given that emotional experiences are spontaneously remembered during wake and sleep, and that REM sleep is favorable to the consolidation of emotional memories, we propose a synthesis for the various lines of evidence mentioned above: gamma-related synchronized firing of BLA cells potentiates synapses between cortical neurons that were recruited during an emotional experience, either by tagging these cells for subsequent reactivation or by enhancing the effects of reactivation itself.
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Lazarini-Lopes W, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Garcia-Cairasco N, Leite-Panissi CRA. Cannabidiol effectively reverses mechanical and thermal allodynia, hyperalgesia, and anxious behaviors in a neuropathic pain model: Possible role of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108712. [PMID: 34274349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic pain is high in the general population and it is closely related to anxiety disorders, which promote negative effects on the quality of life. The cannabinoid system has essential participation in the pain sensitivity circuit. In this perspective, cannabidiol (CBD) is considered a promising strategy for treating neuropathic pain. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of sub-chronic systemic treatment with CBD (0.3, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) in male in rats submitted to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) or not (SHAM) and assessed in nociceptive tests (von Frey, acetone, and hot plate, three days CBD's treatment) and in the open field test (OFT, two days CBD's treatment). We performed a screening immunoreactivity of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in cortical and limbic regions tissues, which were collected after 1.5 h of behavioral tests on the 24th experimental day. This study presents a dose-response curve to understand better the effects of low doses (3 mg/kg) on CBD's antiallodynic and anxiolytic effects. Also, low doses of CBD were able to (1) reverse mechanical and thermal allodynia (cold) and hyperalgesia, (2) reverse anxious behaviors (reduction of the % of grooming and freezing time, and increase of the % of center time in the OFT) induced by chronic pain. The peripheral neuropathy promoted the increase in the expression of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insular cortex (AIC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and ventral hippocampus (VH). CBD potentiated this effect in the ACC, AIC, BLA, DH, and VH regions. These results provide substantial evidence of the role of the ACC-AIC-BLA corticolimbic circuit, and BLA-VH for pain regulation. These results can be clinically relevant since they contribute to the evidence of CBD's beneficial effects on treating chronic pain and associated comorbidities such as anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice K Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM; CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang GW, Cao J, Wang XQ. Effects of ethanol extract from Bidens pilosa L. on spontaneous activity, learning and memory in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110651. [PMID: 31295527 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bidens pilosa L., a herbal medicine, is rich in flavonoids, but its anti-aging effect on neurocognitive functions is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract from Bidens pilosa L. (EEBP) on spontaneous activity, learning and memory in aged rats. METHODS Forty aged (21.90 ± 0.22 months) and 10 young (10 weeks) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, which were respectively treated orally with 0 mg/kg (young and aged control), 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of EEBP for 30 days consecutively. Then, the animals were examined with open-field, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. RESULTS In the open-field task, compared with the aged control, the EEBP animals exhibited more rearing (50 mg/kg, P < 0.01) and urination (50 mg/kg, P < 0.01), but less defecation (P < 0.05). In the passive avoidance task, the retention latencies were longer than those in the training phase in all other groups (P < 0.01) except the aged control (P > 0.05). Compared with the young control, the retention latency of the aged control decreased (P < 0.01), but that of the EEBP animals increased again (P < 0.05 vs. aged control). In the Morris water maze, the EEBP animals had shorter latency (100 mg/kg) and had more crossing times (25 mg/kg) in seeking the platform position (P < 0.05, vs. aged control). CONCLUSION The results suggested that EEBP could affect the spontaneous activity and improve memory in aged animals and could have potential advantages for cognition improvement in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Wu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and School of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass, MOE, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Agriculture and Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and School of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Balietti M, Fattorini G, Pugliese A, Marcotulli D, Bragina L, Conti F. Two Behavioral Tests Allow a Better Correlation Between Cognitive Function and Expression of Synaptic Proteins. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:91. [PMID: 29670520 PMCID: PMC5893842 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular substrate of age-associated cognitive decline (AACD) is still elusive. Evidence indicates that AACD is related to synaptic impairment in hippocampus, but different hippocampal regions play different roles, with the dorsal hippocampus (DH) associated to spatial learning, and the ventral hippocampus (VH) crucial for emotionality. If changes in hippocampal function contributes to AACD, this contribution may be reflected in alterations of synaptic protein levels. A commonly used approach to investigate this issue is western blotting. When this technique is applied to the entire hippocampus and the cognitive impairment is evaluated by a single task, changes in expression of a protein might undergo a "dilution effect", as they may occur only in a given hippocampal region. We show that two behavioral tests yield more accurate results than one test in evaluating the function of the whole rat hippocampus by studying the expression of synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), a vesicular protein whose expression in aged hippocampus is reportedly inconsistent. Analysis of SYT1 levels in the whole hippocampus of rats selected by the Morris water maze (MWM) test only failed to highlight a difference, whereas analysis of SYT1 levels in the whole hippocampus of rats categorized by both the MWM and the step-through passive avoidance (STPA) tests demonstrated a significant increase of SYT1 level in impaired rats. These findings, besides showing that SYT1 increases in impaired aged rats, suggest that using the whole hippocampus in blotting studies may prevent false negative results only if animals are categorized with tests exploring both DH and VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fattorini
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Pugliese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Marcotulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Bragina
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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