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Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Salucci S, Bartoletti Stella A, Tomassini E, Scotlandi K, Blalock WL, Faenza I. Combined Treatment with PI3K Inhibitors BYL-719 and CAL-101 Is a Promising Antiproliferative Strategy in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092742. [PMID: 35566091 PMCID: PMC9104989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly malignant and metastatic pediatric cancer arising from skeletal muscle myogenic progenitors. Recent studies have shown an important role for AKT signaling in RMS progression. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT axis is one of the most frequent events occurring in human cancers and serves to disconnect the control of cell growth, survival, and metabolism from exogenous growth stimuli. In the study reported here, a panel of five compounds targeting the catalytic subunits of the four class I PI3K isoforms (p110α, BYL-719 inhibitor; p110β, TGX-221 inhibitor; p110γ, CZC24832; p110δ, CAL-101 inhibitor) and the dual p110α/p110δ, AZD8835 inhibitor, were tested on the RMS cell lines RD, A204, and SJCRH30. Cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the activation of downstream targets were analyzed. Of the individual inhibitors, BYL-719 demonstrated the most anti-tumorgenic properties. BYL-719 treatment resulted in G1/G0 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. When combined with CAL-101, BYL-719 decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in a synergistic manner, equaling or surpassing results achieved with AZD8835. In conclusion, our findings indicate that BYL-719, either alone or in combination with the p110δ inhibitor, CAL-101, could represent an efficient treatment for human rhabdomyosarcoma presenting with aberrant upregulation of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Piazzi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare ‘‘Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza’’, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare ‘‘Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza’’, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Salucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Bartoletti Stella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Enrica Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (K.S.)
| | - William L. Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare ‘‘Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza’’, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (W.L.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Irene Faenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (W.L.B.); (I.F.)
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Chiu HY, Loh AHP, Taneja R. Mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates tumour progression in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:419. [PMID: 35490194 PMCID: PMC9056521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is characterised by a failure of cells to complete skeletal muscle differentiation. Although ERMS cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress, the relevance of mitochondrial calcium homoeostasis in oncogenesis is unclear. Here, we show that ERMS cell lines as well as primary tumours exhibit elevated expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). MCU knockdown resulted in impaired mitochondrial calcium uptake and a reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels. Phenotypically, MCU knockdown cells exhibited reduced cellular proliferation and motility, with an increased propensity to differentiate in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing of MCU knockdown cells revealed a significant reduction in genes involved in TGFβ signalling that play prominent roles in oncogenesis and inhibition of myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, modulation of mROS production impacted TGFβ signalling. Our study elucidates mechanisms by which mitochondrial calcium dysregulation promotes tumour progression and suggests that targeting the MCU complex to restore mitochondrial calcium homoeostasis could be a therapeutic avenue in ERMS.
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Berlow NE. Probabilistic Boolean Modeling of Pre-clinical Tumor Models for Biomarker Identification in Cancer Drug Development. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e269. [PMID: 34661991 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As high-throughput sequencing experiments become more widely used in pre-clinical and clinical settings, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic biomarker development plays an increasingly important role in oncology drug development pipelines and programs. Consequently, computer-based learning approaches have entered into use at multiple stages in pre-clinical and clinical pipelines. However, few approaches are available to identify interpretable and implementable biomarkers of response early in the drug development process when only small pre-clinical data packages are available. To address the need for early-stage biomarker development using pre-clinical tumor models, we have adapted the previously published Probabilistic Target Inhibitor Map (PTIM) platform to the challenge of biomarker hypothesis development, and denoted this approach the Probabilistic Target Map-Biomarker (PTM-Biomarker). In this article, we detail the history and design philosophy of PTM-Biomarker, and present two case studies using the biomarker discovery tool to illustrate its utility in guiding cancer drug development. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Jurcă MC, Ivaşcu ME, Jurcă AA, Kozma K, Magyar I, Şandor MI, Jurcă AD, Zaha DC, Albu CC, Pantiş C, Bembea M, Petcheşi CD. Genetics of congenital solid tumors. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1039-1049. [PMID: 34171053 PMCID: PMC8343493 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
When we discuss the genetics of tumors, we cannot fail to remember that in the second decade of the twentieth century, more precisely in 1914, Theodore Boveri defined for the first time the chromosomal bases of cancer. In the last 30 years, progresses in genetics have only confirmed Boveri's remarkable predictions made more than 80 years ago. Before the cloning of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene, the existence of a genetic component in most, if not all, solid childhood tumors were well known. The existence of familial tumor aggregations has been found much more frequently than researchers expected to find at random. Sometimes, the demonstration of this family predisposition was very difficult, because the survival of children diagnosed as having a certain tumor, up to an age at which reproduction and procreation is possible, was very rare. In recent years, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases have made it possible for these children to survive until the age when they were able to start their own families, including the ability to procreate. Four distinct groups of so-called cancer genes have been identified: oncogenes, which promote tumor cell proliferation; tumor suppressor genes, which inhibit this growth/proliferation; anti-mutational genes, with a role in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stability; and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) genes, with a role in the posttranscriptional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia Jurcă
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania; ,
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Hartl D, de Luca V, Kostikova A, Laramie J, Kennedy S, Ferrero E, Siegel R, Fink M, Ahmed S, Millholland J, Schuhmacher A, Hinder M, Piali L, Roth A. Translational precision medicine: an industry perspective. J Transl Med 2021; 19:245. [PMID: 34090480 PMCID: PMC8179706 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, digital technologies and artificial intelligence, drug discovery and development face unprecedented opportunities for product and business model innovation, fundamentally changing the traditional approach of how drugs are discovered, developed and marketed. Critical to this transformation is the adoption of new technologies in the drug development process, catalyzing the transition from serendipity-driven to data-driven medicine. This paradigm shift comes with a need for both translation and precision, leading to a modern Translational Precision Medicine approach to drug discovery and development. Key components of Translational Precision Medicine are multi-omics profiling, digital biomarkers, model-based data integration, artificial intelligence, biomarker-guided trial designs and patient-centric companion diagnostics. In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the potential and challenges of Translational Precision Medicine from a cross-industry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hartl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Valeria de Luca
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kostikova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Laramie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Kennedy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Ferrero
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Siegel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fink
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piali
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Berlow NE, Crawford KA, Bult CJ, Noakes C, Sloma I, Rudzinski ER, Keller C. Functional impact of a germline RET mutation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006049. [PMID: 33722797 PMCID: PMC8208040 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, a hereditary syndrome characterized by tumorigenesis in multiple glandular elements. In rare instances, MEN2A-associated germline RET mutations have also occurred with non-MEN2A associated cancers. One such germline mutant RET mutation occurred concomitantly in a young adult diagnosed with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, a pediatric and young adult soft-tissue cancer with a generally poor prognosis. Although tumor tissue samples were initially unable to provide a viable cell culture for study, tumor tissues were sequenced for molecular characteristics. Through a hierarchical clustering approach, the index case sample was matched to several genetically similar cell models, which were transformed to express the same mutant RET as the index case and used to explore potential therapeutic options for mutant RET-bearing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. We also determined whether the RET mutation associated with the index case caused synthetic lethality to select clinical agents. From our investigation, we did not identify synthetic lethality associated with the expression of that patient's RET variant, and overall we did not find experimental evidence for the role of RET in rhabdomyosarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | - Kenneth A Crawford
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | | | - Ido Sloma
- Champions Oncology, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
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Ricker CA, Woods AD, Simonson W, Lathara M, Srinivasa G, Rudzinski ER, Mansoor A, Irwin RG, Keller C, Berlow NE. Refractory alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an 11-year-old male. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a005983. [PMID: 33436392 PMCID: PMC7903883 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a mesenchymal malignancy phenocopying muscle and is among the leading causes of death from childhood cancer. Metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is the most aggressive subtype with an 8% 5-yr disease-free survival rate when a chromosomal fusion is present and a 29% 5-yr disease-free survival rate when negative for a fusion event. The underlying biology of PAX-fusion-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma remains largely unexplored and is exceedingly rare in Li–Fraumeni syndrome patients. Here, we present the case of an 11-yr-old male with fusion-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma studied at end of life with a comprehensive functional genomics characterization, resulting in identification of potential therapeutic targets for broader investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora A Ricker
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erin R Rudzinski
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Atiya Mansoor
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA
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