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Cortez NE, Pathak S, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Hong BV, Crone R, Sule R, Wang F, Chen S, Gomes AV, Baar K, Mackenzie GG. A Ketogenic Diet in Combination with Gemcitabine Mitigates Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia in Male and Female KPC Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10753. [PMID: 37445930 PMCID: PMC10341838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a critical contributor to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need for new strategies to mitigate PDAC-associated cachexia; and the exploration of dietary interventions is a critical component. We previously observed that a ketogenic diet (KD) combined with gemcitabine enhances overall survival in the autochthonous LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. In this study, we investigated the effect and cellular mechanisms of a KD in combination with gemcitabine on the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass in KPC mice. For this purpose, male and female pancreatic tumor-bearing KPC mice were allocated to a control diet (CD), a KD, a CD + gemcitabine (CG), or a KD + gemcitabine (KG) group. We observed that a KD or a KG-mitigated muscle strength declined over time and presented higher gastrocnemius weights compared CD-fed mice. Mechanistically, we observed sex-dependent effects of KG treatment, including the inhibition of autophagy, and increased phosphorylation levels of eIF2α in KG-treated KPC mice when compared to CG-treated mice. Our data suggest that a KG results in preservation of skeletal muscle mass. Additional research is warranted to explore whether this diet-treatment combination can be clinically effective in combating CAC in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Cortez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Suraj Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Brian V. Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Ryman Crone
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rasheed Sule
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fangyi Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Shuai Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gerardo G. Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Rodriguez Lanzi C, Wei R, Luo D, Mackenzie GG. Phospho-Aspirin (MDC-22) inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in patient-derived tumor xenografts and KPC mice by targeting EGFR: Enhanced efficacy in combination with irinotecan. Neoplasia 2021; 24:133-144. [PMID: 34968866 PMCID: PMC8717147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed in the fight against pancreatic cancer. We have previously documented the chemopreventive effect of MDC-22 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. In the present work, we examined the therapeutic effects of MDC-22 in patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) and in LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+, Pdx1-Cre (KPC) genetically engineered mice, two complementary and clinically relevant animal models of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we evaluated whether MDC-22 could synergize with current chemotherapeutic drugs used in the clinic. MDC-22 reduced the growth of various human pancreatic cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, MDC-22 strongly reduced patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenograft growth by 50%, and extended survival of LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice by over a month (5.3 months versus 7.0 months). In both models, MDC-22 inhibited EGFR activation and its downstream signals, including ERK and FAK phosphorylation. In human pancreatic cancer cell lines, MDC-22 enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of irinotecan, and to a lesser degree those of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Normal human pancreatic epithelial cells were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of, both, MDC-22 alone or in combination with irinotecan, indicating selectivity. Furthermore, MDC-22 enhanced irinotecan's effect on cell migration, in part, by inhibiting EGFR/FAK signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that MDC-22 is an effective anticancer drug in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, and suggest that MDC-22 plus irinotecan as drug combination strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment, which warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Parayath NN, Hong BV, Mackenzie GG, Amiji MM. Hyaluronic acid nanoparticle-encapsulated microRNA-125b repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2291-2303. [PMID: 34579548 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate a novel strategy to target tumor-associated macrophages and reprogram them to an antitumor phenotype in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: M2 peptides were conjugated to HA-PEG/HA-PEI polymer to form self-assembled nanoparticles with miR-125b. The efficacy of HA-PEI/PEG-M2peptide nanoparticles in pancreatic tumors from LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+, Pdx1-Cre genetically engineered mice was evaluated. Results: In vitro M2 macrophage-specific delivery of targeted nanoformulations was demonstrated. Intraperitoneal administration of M2-targeted nanoparticles showed preferential accumulation in the pancreas of KPC-PDAC mice and an above fourfold increase in the M1-to-M2 macrophage ratio compared with transfection with scrambled miR. Conclusion: M2-targeted HA-PEI/PEG nanoparticles with miR-125b can transfect tumor-associated macrophages in pancreatic tissues and may have implications for PDAC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha N Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian V Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kryvoshlyk I. CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS: WHERE WE LEFT OFF? BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and recurrence are the leading causes of cancer-related death. Tumor cells which leave the primary or secondary tumors and shed into the bloodstream are called circulating tumor cells (CTC). These cells are the key drivers of cancer dissemination to surrounding tissues and to distant organs. The use of CTC in clinical practice necessitates the deep insight into their biology, as well as into their role in cancer evasion of immune surveillance, tumor resistance to chemo- radio- and immunotherapies and metastatic dormancy. Aim. The purpose of the work was to review the current knowledge on the CTC biology, as well as the prospects for their use for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of metastatic disease. Methods. The work proposed the integrative literature review using MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts and EMBASE databases. Results. This review summarizes and discusses historical milestones and current data concerning СTС biology, the main stages of their life cycle, their role in metastatic cascade, clinical prospects for their use as markers for the diagnosis and prognostication of the disease course, as well as targets for cancer treatment. Conclusions. Significant progress in the area of CTC biology and their use in cancer theranostics convincingly proved the attractiveness of these cells as targets for cancer prognosis and therapy. The effective use of liquid biopsy with quantitative and phenotypic characteristics of CTCs is impeded by the imperfection of the methodology for taking biological material and by the lack of reliable markers for assessing the metastatic potential of CTCs of various origins. The variety of mechanisms of tumor cells migration and invasion requires the development of complex therapeutic approaches for anti-metastatic therapy targeting CTCs. Efforts to address these key issues could help developing new and effective cancer treatment strategies.
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Regan D, Garcia K, Thamm D. Clinical, Pathological, and Ethical Considerations for the Conduct of Clinical Trials in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer: A Comparative Approach to Accelerate Translational Drug Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:99-110. [PMID: 30668709 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of comparative oncology in translational research is receiving increasing attention from drug developers and the greater biomedical research community. Pet dogs with spontaneous cancer are important and underutilized translational models, owing to dogs' large size and relative outbreeding, combined with their high incidence of certain tumor histotypes with significant biological, genetic, and histological similarities to their human tumor counterparts. Dogs with spontaneous tumors naturally develop therapy resistance and spontaneous metastasis, all in the context of an intact immune system. These fundamental features of cancer biology are often lacking in induced or genetically engineered preclinical tumor models and likely contribute to their poor predictive value and the associated overall high failure rate in oncology drug development. Thus, the conduct of clinical trials in pet dogs with naturally occurring cancer represents a viable surrogate and valuable intermediary step that should be increasingly incorporated into the cancer drug discovery and development pipeline. The development of molecular-targeted therapies has resulted in an expanded role of the pathologist in human oncology trials, and similarly the expertise of veterinary pathologists will be increasingly valuable to all phases of comparative oncology trial design and conduct. In this review, we provide a framework of clinical, ethical, and pathology-focused considerations for the increasing integration of translational research investigations in dogs with spontaneous cancer as a means to accelerate clinical cancer discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Goetze RG, Buchholz SM, Patil S, Petzold G, Ellenrieder V, Hessmann E, Neesse A. Utilizing High Resolution Ultrasound to Monitor Tumor Onset and Growth in Genetically Engineered Pancreatic Cancer Models. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683461 DOI: 10.3791/56979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse model represents an established and frequently used transgenic model to evaluate novel therapies in pancreatic cancer. Tumor onset is variable in the KPC model between 8 weeks and several months. Therefore, non-invasive imaging tools are required to screen for tumor onset and monitor for response to treatment. To address this issue, different approaches have emerged over the last years. High resolution ultrasound has major advantages such as non-invasiveness, fast session times and a high image resolution without radiation exposure. However, ultrasound in mice is not trivial and sufficient anatomical knowledge and practical skills are required to successfully perform high resolution ultrasound in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. With the following article, a detailed hands-on guide for abdominal ultrasound in murine models with a particular focus on endogenous pancreatic cancer models is presented. Furthermore, a summary of common mistakes and how to avoid them is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Guenther Goetze
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Soeren M Buchholz
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Golo Petzold
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen;
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Abstract
As cancer has become increasingly prevalent, cancer prevention research has evolved towards placing a greater emphasis on reducing cancer deaths and minimizing the adverse consequences of having cancer. 'Precision cancer prevention' takes into account the collaboration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in influencing cancer incidence and aggressiveness in the context of the individual, as well as recognizing that such knowledge can improve early detection and enable more accurate discrimination of cancerous lesions. However, mouse models, and particularly genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, have yet to be fully integrated into prevention research. In this Opinion article, we discuss opportunities and challenges for precision mouse modelling, including the essential criteria of mouse models for prevention research, representative success stories and opportunities for more refined analyses in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Corresponding author: Cory Abate-Shen, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, (CAS) Phone: (212) 851-4731; fax: (212) 851-4787;
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Neesse A, Algül H, Tuveson DA, Gress TM. Stromal biology and therapy in pancreatic cancer: a changing paradigm. Gut 2015; 64:1476-84. [PMID: 25994217 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) exhibits one of the poorest prognosis of all solid tumours and poses an unsolved problem in cancer medicine. Despite the recent success of two combination chemotherapies for palliative patients, the modest survival benefits are often traded against significant side effects and a compromised quality of life. Although the molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of PDA have been intensively studied and are increasingly understood, the reasons for the poor therapeutic response are hardly apprehended. One leading hypothesis over the last few years has been that the pronounced tumour microenvironment in PDA not only promotes carcinogenesis and tumour progression but also mediates therapeutic resistance. To this end, targeting of various stromal components and pathways was considered a promising strategy to biochemically and biophysically enhance therapeutic response. However, none of the efforts have yet led to efficacious and approved therapies in patients. Additionally, recent data have shown that tumour-associated fibroblasts may restrain rather than promote tumour growth, reinforcing the need to critically revisit the complexity and complicity of the tumour-stroma with translational implications for future therapy and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Tseng JC, Sun Y, Beck AH, Kung AL. Noninvasive imaging of tumor burden and molecular pathways in mouse models of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:135-44. [PMID: 25646505 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in patients with cancer. Because macroscopic imaging is noninvasive and quantitative, the development of specialized instruments for small animals has spurred increasing utilization in preclinical cancer studies. Some small-animal imaging devices are miniaturized derivatives of clinical imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Optical imaging, including bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging, has evolved from microscopic cellular imaging technologies. Here, we review how current imaging modalities are enabling high-resolution structural imaging with micrometer-scale spatial resolution, thus allowing for the quantification of tumor burden in genetically engineered and orthotopic models of cancer, where tumors develop within organs not typically accessible to measurements with calipers. Beyond measuring tumor size, imaging is increasingly being used to assess the activity of molecular pathways within tumors and to reveal the pharmacodynamic efficacy of targeted therapies. Each imaging technology has particular strengths and limitations, and we discuss how studies should be carefully designed to match the imaging approach to the primary experimental question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jen-Chieh Tseng
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Yanping Sun
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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Pirazzoli V, Politi K. Generation of drug-resistant tumors using intermittent dosing of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in mouse. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:178-181. [PMID: 24492774 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot077842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to targeted therapies has emerged as a major hurdle for the successful use of drugs in the clinic. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance is crucial for the identification of strategies to prevent and overcome it. Given the defined nature of the oncogenic lesions present in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and the relative ease of sample collection and analysis, they are ideal systems in which to recapitulate the response and subsequent emergence of resistance to targeted therapies. When agents that are very effective at eradicating tumors are used in GEMMs, obtaining drug-resistant tumors can be a challenge. One approach to generating such tumors is the use of a suboptimal intermittent dosing strategy to treat the animals, which allows for periods of tumor growth and progression in the absence of drug. This intermittent dosing strategy has been used successfully to study resistance to the tyrosine kinase erlotinib in lung cancer models and is described here. Although this protocol is specific for this experimental system, the concepts and general design can be adapted for use with GEMMs of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirazzoli
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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