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Liu X, Li J, Zhao H, Liu B, Günther-Pomorski T, Chen S, Liesche J. Novel tool to quantify cell wall porosity relates wall structure to cell growth and drug uptake. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1408-1421. [PMID: 30782779 PMCID: PMC6446840 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though cell walls have essential functions for bacteria, fungi, and plants, tools to investigate their dynamic structure in living cells have been missing. Here, it is shown that changes in the intensity of the plasma membrane dye FM4-64 in response to extracellular quenchers depend on the nano-scale porosity of cell walls. The correlation of quenching efficiency and cell wall porosity is supported by tests on various cell types, application of differently sized quenchers, and comparison of results with confocal, electron, and atomic force microscopy images. The quenching assay was used to investigate how changes in cell wall porosity affect the capability for extension growth in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana Results suggest that increased porosity is not a precondition but a result of cell extension, thereby providing new insight on the mechanism plant organ growth. Furthermore, it was shown that higher cell wall porosity can facilitate the action of antifungal drugs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, presumably by facilitating uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Heyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Thomas Günther-Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shaolin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China .,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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