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Koren S. Cosmological Lithium Solution from Discrete Gauged B-L. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091003. [PMID: 37721837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The cosmological lithium problem-that theory predicts a primordial abundance far higher than the observed value-has resisted decades of attempts by cosmologists, nuclear physicists, and astronomers alike to root out systematics. We reconsider this problem in the setting of the standard model extended by gauged baryon minus lepton number, which we spontaneously break by a scalar with charge six. Cosmic strings from this breaking can support interactions converting three protons into three positrons, and we argue that an "electric"-"magnetic" interplay can give this process an amplified, strong-scale cross section in an analog of the Callan-Rubakov effect. We suggest such cosmic strings have disintegrated O(1) of the primordial lithium nuclei, and lay out what is necessary for this scheme to succeed. To our knowledge this is the first new physics mechanism with microphysical justification for the abundance of lithium uniquely to be modified after big bang nucleosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Koren
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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2
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Csáki C, Shirman Y, Telem O, Terning J. Pairwise Multiparticle States and the Monopole Unitarity Puzzle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:181601. [PMID: 36374701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.181601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a novel resolution for a decades old mystery-what happens when a positron scatters off a minimal grand-unification-theory monopole in an s wave, a puzzle first discussed by Callan in 1983. Using the language of on shell amplitudes and pairwise helicity we suggest that the final state contains two up quarks and a down quark in an entangled "pairwise" multiparticle state-the only particle final state that satisfies angular momentum and gauge charge conservation. The cross section for this process is as large as in the original Rubakov-Callan effect, only suppressed by the QCD scale. The final state we find cannot be seen in Callan's truncated 2D theory, since our new pairwise state appears only in more than two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csáki
- Department of Physics, LEPP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yuri Shirman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ofri Telem
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Terning
- QMAP, Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Csáki C, Hong S, Shirman Y, Telem O, Terning J. Completing Multiparticle Representations of the Poincaré Group. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:041601. [PMID: 34355955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We extend the definition of asymptotic multiparticle states of the S-matrix beyond the tensor products of one-particle states. We identify new quantum numbers called pairwise helicities, or q_{ij}, associated with asymptotically separated pairs of particles. We first treat all single particles and particle pairs independently, allowing us to generalize the Wigner construction, and ultimately projecting onto the physical states. Our states reduce to tensor product states for vanishing q_{ij}, while for vanishing spins they reproduce Zwanziger's scalar dyon states. This construction yields the correct asymptotic states for the scattering of electric and magnetic charges, with pairwise helicity identified as q_{ij}=e_{i}g_{j}-e_{j}g_{i}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csáki
- Department of Physics, LEPP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuri Shirman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ofri Telem
- Theory Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Terning
- QMAP, Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Feis J, Beutel D, Köpfler J, Garcia-Santiago X, Rockstuhl C, Wegener M, Fernandez-Corbaton I. Helicity-Preserving Optical Cavity Modes for Enhanced Sensing of Chiral Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033201. [PMID: 32031847 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers routinely sense molecules by their infrared vibrational "fingerprint" absorption resonances. In addition, the dominant handedness of chiral molecules can be detected by circular dichroism (CD), the normalized difference between their optical response to incident left- and right- handed circularly polarized light. Here, we introduce a cavity composed of two parallel arrays of helicity-preserving silicon disks that allows one to enhance the CD signal by more than 2 orders of magnitude for a given molecule concentration and given thickness of the cell containing the molecules. The underlying principle is first-order diffraction into helicity-preserving modes with large transverse momentum and long lifetimes. In sharp contrast, in a conventional Fabry-Perot cavity, each reflection flips the handedness of light, leading to large intensity enhancements inside the cavity, yet to smaller CD signals than without the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Feis
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Köpfler
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xavier Garcia-Santiago
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- JCMWave GmbH, 14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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The Pre-Potential of a Field Propagating with the Speed of Light and Its Dual Symmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relativity theory assumes that force fields propagate with the speed of light. We show that such force fields generated by a single source can be described by a pre-potential, which is a complex-valued function on spacetime outside the worldline of the source. The pre-potential is invariant under a spin-half representation of the Lorentz group acting on complexified spacetime. The complex four-potential of such a field is defined and calculated explicitly from the pre-potential without assuming any particular force law for the field. The real part of the obtained four-potential coincides with the known Liénard–Wiechert potential. The symmetry of the four-potential is described herein. The pre-potential satisfies the wave equation. The single source electromagnetic field derived from this four-potential is self-dual or anti-self-dual. The pre-potential and the four-potential are extended to a field with several sources.
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Abstract
The average helicity of a given electromagnetic field measures the difference between the number of left- and right-handed photons contained in the field. Here, the average helicity is derived using the conformally invariant inner product for Maxwell fields. Several equivalent integral expressions in momentum space, in ( r , t ) space, and in the time-harmonic ( r , ω ) space are obtained, featuring Riemann–Silberstein-like fields and potentials. The time-harmonic expressions can be directly evaluated using the outputs of common numerical solvers of Maxwell equations. The results are shown to be equivalent to the well-known volume integral for the average helicity, featuring the electric and magnetic fields and potentials.
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Mawson T, Petersen TC, Slingerland JK, Simula TP. Braiding and Fusion of Non-Abelian Vortex Anyons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:140404. [PMID: 31702189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have studied topology and dynamics of quantum vortices in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates. By computationally modeling controllable braiding and fusion of these vortices, we have demonstrated that certain vortices in such spinor condensates behave as non-Abelian anyons. We identify these anyons as fluxon, chargeon, and dyon quasiparticles. The pertinent anyon models are defined by the quantum double of the underlying discrete non-Abelian symmetry group of the condensate ground state order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mawson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - T C Petersen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - J K Slingerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Maynooth University, County Kildare, Ireland
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Theoretical Physics, 10 Burlington Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T P Simula
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
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Alpeggiani F, Bliokh KY, Nori F, Kuipers L. Electromagnetic Helicity in Complex Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243605. [PMID: 29956970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical helicity density is usually discussed for monochromatic electromagnetic fields in free space. It plays an important role in the interaction with chiral molecules or nanoparticles. Here we introduce the optical helicity density in a dispersive isotropic medium. Our definition is consistent with biorthogonal Maxwell electromagnetism in optical media and the Brillouin energy density as well as with the recently introduced canonical momentum and spin of light in dispersive media. We consider a number of examples, including electromagnetic waves in dielectrics, negative-index materials, and metals, as well as interactions of light in a medium with chiral and magnetoelectric molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alpeggiani
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - K Y Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, RSPE, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - F Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - L Kuipers
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
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Proskurin I, Stamps RL, Ovchinnikov AS, Kishine JI. Spin-Wave Chirality and Its Manifestations in Antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:177202. [PMID: 29219475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.177202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As first demonstrated by Tang and Cohen in chiral optics, the asymmetry in the rate of electromagnetic energy absorption between left and right enantiomers is determined by an optical chirality density. Here, we demonstrate that this effect can exist in magnetic spin systems. By constructing a formal analogy with electrodynamics, we show that in antiferromagnets with broken chiral symmetry, the asymmetry in local spin-wave energy absorption is proportional to a spin-wave chirality density, which is a direct counterpart of optical zilch. We propose that injection of a pure spin current into an antiferromagnet may serve as a chiral symmetry breaking mechanism, since its effect in the spin-wave approximation can be expressed in terms of additional Lifshitz invariants. We use linear response theory to show that the spin current induces a nonequilibrium spin-wave chirality density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Proskurin
- Division of Natural and Environmental Sciences, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Robert L Stamps
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Alexander S Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Institute for Metal Physics, RAS, Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Jun-Ichiro Kishine
- Division of Natural and Environmental Sciences, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
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Abstract
Gravitational waves, as predicted by Einstein’s general relativity theory, appear as ripples in the fabric of spacetime traveling at the speed of light. We prove that the propagation of small amplitude gravitational waves in a curved spacetime is equivalent to the propagation of a subspace of electromagnetic states. We use this result to propose the use of entangled photons to emulate the evolution of gravitational waves in curved spacetimes by means of experimental electromagnetic setups featuring metamaterials.
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Bliokh KY, Kivshar YS, Nori F. Magnetoelectric effects in local light-matter interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:033601. [PMID: 25083644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the generic dipole interaction of a monochromatic free-space electromagnetic field with a bi-isotropic nanoparticle or a molecule. Contributions associated with the breaking of dual, P, and T symmetries are responsible for electric-magnetic asymmetry, chirality, and the nonreciprocal magnetoelectric effect, respectively. We calculate absorption rates, radiation forces, and radiation torques for the nanoparticle and introduce novel field characteristics quantifying the transfer of energy, momentum, and angular momentum due to the three symmetry-breaking effects. In particular, we put forward a concept of "magnetoelectric energy density," quantifying the local PT symmetry of the field. Akin to the "superchiral" light suggested recently for local probing of molecular chirality, here we suggest employing complex fields for a sensitive probing of the nonreciprocal magnetoelectric effect in nanoparticles or molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y Bliokh
- iTHES Research Group, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Franco Nori
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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13
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Fernandez-Corbaton I. Forward and backward helicity scattering coefficients for systems with discrete rotational symmetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:29885-29893. [PMID: 24514539 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The forward and backward scattering off linear systems with discrete rotational symmetries R(z)(2π/n) with n ≥ 3 are shown to be restricted by symmetry reasons. Along the symmetry axis, forward scattering can only be helicity preserving and backward scattering can only be helicity flipping. These restrictions do not exist for n < 3. If, in addition to the n ≥ 3 discrete rotational symmetry, the system has duality symmetry (obeys the helicity conservation law), it will exhibit zero backscattering. The results pinpoint the underlying symmetry reasons for some notable scattering properties of R(z)(2π/4) symmetric systems that have been reported in the metamaterials and radar literature. Applications to planar metamaterials and solar cells are briefly discussed.
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Fernandez-Corbaton I, Zambrana-Puyalto X, Tischler N, Vidal X, Juan ML, Molina-Terriza G. Electromagnetic duality symmetry and helicity conservation for the macroscopic Maxwell's equations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:060401. [PMID: 23971539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show that the electromagnetic duality symmetry, broken in the microscopic Maxwell's equations by the presence of charges, can be restored for the macroscopic Maxwell's equations. The restoration of this symmetry is shown to be independent of the geometry of the problem. These results provide a tool for the study of light-matter interactions within the framework of symmetries and conservation laws. We illustrate its use by determining the helicity content of the natural modes of structures possessing spatial inversion symmetries and by elucidating the root causes for some surprising effects in the scattering off magnetic spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Fernandez-Corbaton I, Vidal X, Tischler N, Molina-Terriza G. Necessary symmetry conditions for the rotation of light. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214311. [PMID: 23758375 DOI: 10.1063/1.4808158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bandyopadhyay P. Anisotropic spin system, quantized Dirac monopole and the Berry phase. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Berry phase, acquired by an anisotropic spin system with spinJ≥1 when it is adiabatically rotated in a closed circuit, is considered to be associated with a non-quantized Dirac monopole, and has a geometrical as well as a topological component owing to the Dirac string. Here, it is argued that the Berry phase of a spin state withJ≥1 can be associated with a quantized Dirac monopole when the corresponding spin is taken to be an entangled state of a composite system of 1/2 spins. Evidently, this avoids the contribution of the Dirac string, and the Berry phase is purely geometrical in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bandyopadhyay
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
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18
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Frequency-Dependent Continuum Electromagnetic Properties of a Gas of Scattering Centers. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141441.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Herrera-Aguilar A, Kechkin OV. Charging symmetries and linearizing potentials for heterotic string in three dimensions. Int J Clin Exp Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.59.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Yang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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22
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Bak D, Lee C, Lee K. Dynamics of Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield dyons: Effective field theory approach. Int J Clin Exp Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.57.5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Yang Y. Dually charged particl–like solutions in the Weinberg–Salam theory. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1998.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Yang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Kallosh R, Ortín T. Charge quantization of axion-dilaton black holes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:742-747. [PMID: 10016303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mathur M, Sharatchandra HS. Manifestly Lorentz-covariant local quantum field theory of dyons via dual matter fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:3097-3100. [PMID: 10043698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Goldhaber AS. Does natural duplexity conceal half-integral fermion number? Int J Clin Exp Med 1986; 33:3697-3703. [PMID: 9956602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.33.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nair VP, Rosenzweig C. QCD vacuum as a chromomagnetic superconductor: Microscopic physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1985; 31:401-410. [PMID: 9955697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.31.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Zwanziger D. Exactly Soluble Nonrelativistic Model of Particles with Both Electric and Magnetic Charges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.176.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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