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Dilepton Program with Time-of-Flight Detector at the STAR Experiment. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pairs of lepton and antilepton (dilepton) in a continuous mass range are one of the most experimentally challenging and golden probes of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions because they do not strongly interact with the hot and dense medium, and reflect the properties of the medium at the time the dilepton is generated. The measurements of dileptons require lepton identification with high purity and high efficiency at large detector acceptance. STAR is one of two large experiments at the relativistic heavy ion collider with a primary goal of searching for the QGP and studying its properties. The STAR experiment launched a comprehensive dielectron (e+e−) program enabled by the time-of-flight (TOF) detector that had been fully installed in 2010. In this article, we review the decade-long R&D, the construction and performance of the STAR TOF detector, and dielectron measurements, including thermal dielectron production and dielectron production from the Breit–Wheeler process. Future perspectives are also discussed.
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Electron-Positron Vacuum Instability in Strong Electric Fields. Relativistic Semiclassical Approach. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The instability of electron-positron vacuum in strong electric fields is studied. First, falling to the Coulomb center is discussed at Z>137/2 for a spinless boson and at Z>137 for electron. Subsequently, focus is concentrated on description of deep electron levels and spontaneous positron production in the field of a finite-size nucleus with the charge Z>Zcr≃170. Next, these effects are studied in application to the low-energy heavy-ion collisions. Subsequently, we consider phenomenon of “electron condensation” on levels of upper continuum crossed the boundary of the lower continuum ϵ=−m in the field of a supercharged nucleus with Z≫Zcr. Finally, attention is focused on many-particle problems of polarization of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) vacuum and electron condensation at ultra-short distances from a source of charge. We argue for a principal difference of cases, when the size of the source is larger than the pole size rpole, at which the dielectric permittivity of the vacuum reaches zero and smaller rpole. Some arguments are presented in favor of the logical consistency of QED. All of the problems are considered within the same relativistic semiclassical approach.
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Güçl MC, Wells JC, Umar AS, Strayer MR, Ernst DJ. Impact-parameter dependence of multiple lepton-pair production from electromagnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1836-1844. [PMID: 9911792 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hencken K, Trautmann D, Baur G. Impact-parameter dependence of the total probability for electromagnetic electron-positron pair production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1874-1882. [PMID: 9911797 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hencken K, Trautmann D, Baur G. Higher-order processes in the electromagnetic production of electron-positron pairs in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:998-1014. [PMID: 9911678 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Vane CR, Datz S, Dittner PF, Krause HF, Schuch R, Gao H, Hutton R. Electron-positron pair production in Coulomb collisions by 6.4-TeV sulfur ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:2313-2321. [PMID: 9911147 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ionescu DC. Unitarity and electron-positron pairs created by strong external fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:3188-3195. [PMID: 9910615 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hencken K, Trautmann D, Baur G. Electromagnetic electron-positron pair production in heavy-ion collisions with impact parameter zero. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:1584-1596. [PMID: 9910404 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Baron N, Baur G. gamma gamma physics at relativistic heavy-ion colliders. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:1127-1131. [PMID: 9969321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Baron N, Baur G. Differential cross sections for dielectron production in distant ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 46:R3695-R3698. [PMID: 10015372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.r3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Vane CR, Datz S, Dittner PF, Krause HF, Bottcher C, Strayer M, Schuch R, Gao H, Hutton R. Electron-positron pair production in Coulomb collisions of ultrarelativistic sulfur ions with fixed targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:1911-1914. [PMID: 10046348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Thiel J, Bunker A, Momberger K, Grün N, Scheid W. Electron-positron pair creation with capture and ionization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by the finite-difference method. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:2607-2612. [PMID: 9908419 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Best C, Greiner W, Soff G. Multiplicity distribution of electron-positron pairs created by strong external fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:261-269. [PMID: 9907858 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Decker F. Electron-positron pair production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:2883-2889. [PMID: 9906286 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Rhoades-Brown MJ, Weneser J. Higher-order effects on pair creation by relativistic heavy-ion beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:330-336. [PMID: 9905684 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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