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Thapliyal K, Peřina J, Haderka O, Michálek V, Machulka R. Experimental photon addition and subtraction in multi-mode and entangled optical fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4521-4524. [PMID: 39146094 DOI: 10.1364/ol.532242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Multiple photon addition and subtraction applied to multi-mode thermal and sub-Poissonian fields as well as twin beams are mutually compared using one experimental setup. Twin beams (TWBs) with tight spatial correlations detected by an intensified CCD camera with high spatial resolution are used to prepare the initial fields. Up to three photons are added or subtracted to arrive at the nonclassical and non-Gaussian states. Only the photon-subtracted thermal states (TSs) remain classical. In general, the experimental photon-added states exhibit greater nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity than the comparable photon-subtracted states. Once photons are added or subtracted in twin beams, both processes result in comparable properties of the obtained states owing to twin-beam photon pairing.
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2
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Batin AQ, Ghosh S, Panigrahi PK, Roy U. Quantum scissor from exact generalized photon number statistics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7107. [PMID: 38532001 PMCID: PMC11319445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the close form expressions of the photon number statistics for a generalized coherent state and a generalized photon-added coherent state, which are shown to be crucial for proposing a variety of quantum scissor operations. The analytically obtained distributions are also capable of predicting the precise laser intensity windows for realizing a variety of quantum scissors. Truncating a photon added state overcomes the selection rule of obtaining the lower order Fock states. Photon addition also enables us to obtain a higher order Fock state in a lower order superposition. The importance of circular geometry is also demonstrated for engineering such quantum scissors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Batin
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, 800013, India
| | - Suranjana Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Prasanta K Panigrahi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
- Centre for Quantum Science and Technology (CQST), Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, 800013, India.
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3
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Pan Y, Cohen E, Karimi E, Gover A, Schönenberger N, Chlouba T, Wang K, Nehemia S, Hommelhoff P, Kaminer I, Aharonov Y. Weak measurements and quantum-to-classical transitions in free electron-photon interactions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:267. [PMID: 37938234 PMCID: PMC10632359 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
How does the quantum-to-classical transition of measurement occur? This question is vital for both foundations and applications of quantum mechanics. Here, we develop a new measurement-based framework for characterizing the classical and quantum free electron-photon interactions and then experimentally test it. We first analyze the transition from projective to weak measurement in generic light-matter interactions and show that any classical electron-laser-beam interaction can be represented as an outcome of weak measurement. In particular, the appearance of classical point-particle acceleration is an example of an amplified weak value resulting from weak measurement. A universal factor, [Formula: see text], quantifies the measurement regimes and their transition from quantum to classical, where [Formula: see text] corresponds to the ratio between the electron wavepacket size and the optical wavelength. This measurement-based formulation is experimentally verified in both limits of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy and the classical acceleration regime using a DLA. Our results shed new light on the transition from quantum to classical electrodynamics, enabling us to employ the essence of the wave-particle duality of both light and electrons in quantum measurement for exploring and applying many quantum and classical light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Eliahu Cohen
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Avraham Gover
- Department of Electrical Engineering Physical Electronics, Center for Laser-Matter Interaction (LMI), Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Norbert Schönenberger
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomáš Chlouba
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kangpeng Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Saar Nehemia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Peter Hommelhoff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yakir Aharonov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
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4
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Mayorgas A, Guerrero J, Calixto M. Localization measures of parity adapted U(D)-spin coherent states applied to the phase space analysis of the D-level Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024107. [PMID: 37723708 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We study phase space properties of critical, parity symmetric, N-qudit systems undergoing a quantum phase transition (QPT) in the thermodynamic N→∞ limit. The D=3 level (qutrit) Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model is eventually examined as a particular example. For this purpose, we consider U(D)-spin coherent states (DSCS), generalizing the standard D=2 atomic coherent states, to define the coherent state representation Q_{ψ} (Husimi function) of a symmetric N-qudit state |ψ〉 in the phase space CP^{D-1} (complex projective manifold). DSCS are good variational approximations to the ground state of an N-qudit system, especially in the N→∞ limit, where the discrete parity symmetry Z_{2}^{D-1} is spontaneously broken. For finite N, parity can be restored by projecting DSCS onto 2^{D-1} different parity invariant subspaces, which define generalized "Schrödinger cat states" reproducing quite faithfully low-lying Hamiltonian eigenstates obtained by numerical diagonalization. Precursors of the QPT are then visualized for finite N by plotting the Husimi function of these parity projected DSCS in phase space, together with their Husimi moments and Wehrl entropy, in the neighborhood of the critical points. These are good localization measures and markers of the QPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mayorgas
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Guerrero
- Department of Mathematics, University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Institute Carlos I of Theoretical and Computational Physics (iC1), University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Calixto
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute Carlos I of Theoretical and Computational Physics (iC1), University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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5
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Mattos EP, Vidiella-Barranco A. Enhancing nonclassical properties of quantum states of light using linear optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3645-3648. [PMID: 37450715 DOI: 10.1364/ol.494609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a simple and versatile scheme for enhancing the nonclassical properties of light states using only linear optics and photodetectors. By combining a coherent state |α〉 and an arbitrary pure state of light |ϕ〉 (excluding coherent states) at two beam splitters, we show that the amplitude α of the coherent state can be tuned to filter out specific Fock components and generate states of light with increased nonclassical features. We provide two examples of input states and demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme in enhancing the sub-Poissonian statistics or the quadrature squeezing of the output states.
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Torkzadeh-Tabrizi S, Faghihi MJ, Honarasa G. Phase space nonclassicality and sub-Poissonianity of deformed photon-added nonlinear cat states: algebraic and group theoretical approach. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:688-691. [PMID: 36723564 DOI: 10.1364/ol.481568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we introduce four distinct classes of f-deformed photon-added nonlinear cat state. This would be achieved by recalling a nonlinear coherent states approach, as well as a particular class of Gilmore-Perelomov-type of SU(1,1) coherent state and a class of SU(2) coherent state. We then examine the role of photon addition and nonlinearity functions in the phase space structure and sub-Poissonianity of even, odd, and Yurke-Stoler nonlinear cat states. The effect of photon addition, which results in a π phase shift at the origin of the Wigner function toward negativity, interestingly enhances the nonclassicality by means of the Wigner function and Mandel parameter. Furthermore, owing to photon addition, we can observe a deformation in the Gaussian shape of the Wigner function, which may be found to be potentially useful in quantum noise reduction. Moreover, the deformation function shows a remarkable role in revealing the nonclassical behavior and can increase the depth and the domain of nonclassicality.
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7
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Zhang JD, You C, Wang S. Sub-shot-noise-limited phase estimation via single-mode inputs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43143-43156. [PMID: 36523019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In 1981, Caves pointed out that the phase sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single-mode inputs is bounded by the shot-noise limit. The quantum Fisher information analysis shows that this statement holds true for the scenario where two antisymmetric phase shifts occur in two arms, but it is invalid for the scenario where an unknown phase is embedded in one of two arms. In this paper, we focus on the phase sensitivity directed against the latter scenario. The optimal single-mode input is discussed by analyzing common states, including displaced squeezed states, displaced number states, squeezed number states, Schrödinger cat states and completely mixed states. We find that the best choice is a squeezed vacuum state and show the specific measurement scheme which is capable of saturating the corresponding phase sensitivity limit. In addition, we study the effects of several realistic factors-anti-squeezing noise, photon loss and dark counts-on the phase sensitivity. Our results suggest that sub-shot-noise-limited phase sensitivity is attainable with low noise or loss, which paves the way for practical metrology.
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8
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Park J. Estimating Non-Gaussianity of a Quantum State by Measuring Orthogonal Quadratures. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:289. [PMID: 35205583 PMCID: PMC8871266 DOI: 10.3390/e24020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We derive the lower bounds for a non-Gaussianity measure based on quantum relative entropy (QRE). Our approach draws on the observation that the QRE-based non-Gaussianity measure of a single-mode quantum state is lower bounded by a function of the negentropies for quadrature distributions with maximum and minimum variances. We demonstrate that the lower bound can outperform the previously proposed bound by the negentropy of a quadrature distribution. Furthermore, we extend our method to establish lower bounds for the QRE-based non-Gaussianity measure of a multimode quantum state that can be measured by homodyne detection, with or without leveraging a Gaussian unitary operation. Finally, we explore how our lower bound finds application in non-Gaussian entanglement detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Park
- School of Basic Sciences, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
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9
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Predication and Photon Statistics of a Three-Level System in the Photon Added Negative Binomial Distribution. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical and artificial neural network models are applied to forecast the quantum scheme of a three-level atomic system (3LAS) and field, initially following a photon added negative binomial distribution (PANBD). The Mandel parameter is used to detect the photon statistics of a radiation field. Explicit forms of the PANBD are given. The prediction of the Mandel parameter, atomic probability of the 3LAS in the upper state, and von Neumann entropy are obtained using time series and artificial neural network methods. The influence of probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD are examined. The total density matrix is used to compute and analyze the time evolution of the initial photonic negative binomial probability distribution that governs the 3LAS–field photon entanglement behavior. It is shown that the statistical quantities are strongly affected by probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD. Also, the prediction of quantum entropy is achieved by the time series and neural network.
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10
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Patel RN, McKenna TP, Wang Z, Witmer JD, Jiang W, Van Laer R, Sarabalis CJ, Safavi-Naeini AH. Room-Temperature Mechanical Resonator with a Single Added or Subtracted Phonon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:133602. [PMID: 34623823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A room-temperature mechanical oscillator undergoes thermal Brownian motion with an amplitude much larger than the amplitude associated with a single phonon of excitation. This motion can be read out and manipulated using laser light using a cavity-optomechanical approach. By performing a strong quantum measurement (i.e., counting single photons in the sidebands imparted on a laser), we herald the addition and subtraction of single phonons on the 300 K thermal motional state of a 4 GHz mechanical oscillator. To understand the resulting mechanical state, we implement a tomography scheme and observe highly non-Gaussian phase-space distributions. Using a maximum likelihood method, we infer the density matrix of the oscillator, and we confirm the counterintuitive doubling of the mean phonon number resulting from phonon addition and subtraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi N Patel
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P McKenna
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhaoyou Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy D Witmer
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Raphaël Van Laer
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Christopher J Sarabalis
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amir H Safavi-Naeini
- Department of Applied Physics, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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11
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Yoon TH, Cho M. Quantitative complementarity of wave-particle duality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabi9268. [PMID: 34407933 PMCID: PMC8373128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To test the principle of complementarity and wave-particle duality quantitatively, we need a quantum composite system that can be controlled by experimental parameters. Here, we demonstrate that a double-path interferometer consisting of two parametric downconversion crystals seeded by coherent idler fields, where the generated coherent signal photons are used for quantum interference and the conjugate idler fields are used for which-path detectors with controllable fidelity, is useful for elucidating the quantitative complementarity. We show that the quanton source purity μ s is tightly bounded by the entanglement E between the quantons and the remaining degrees of freedom by the relation [Formula: see text], which is experimentally confirmed. We further prove that the experimental scheme using two stimulated parametric downconversion processes is an ideal tool for investigating and understanding wave-particle duality and Bohr's complementarity quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Hyun Yoon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Biagi N, Francesconi S, Zavatta A, Bellini M. Coherent Superpositions of Photon Creation Operations and Their Application to Multimode States of Light. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23080999. [PMID: 34441139 PMCID: PMC8391713 DOI: 10.3390/e23080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We present a concise review of recent experimental results concerning the conditional implementation of coherent superpositions of single-photon additions onto distinct field modes. Such a basic operation is seen to give rise to a wealth of interesting and useful effects, from the generation of a tunable degree of entanglement to the birth of peculiar correlations in the photon numbers and the quadratures of multimode, multiphoton, states of light. The experimental investigation of these properties will have an impact both on fundamental studies concerning, for example, the quantumness and entanglement of macroscopic states, and for possible applications in the realm of quantum-enhanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy; (N.B.); (S.F.); (A.Z.)
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Saverio Francesconi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy; (N.B.); (S.F.); (A.Z.)
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy; (N.B.); (S.F.); (A.Z.)
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy; (N.B.); (S.F.); (A.Z.)
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tyagi G, Panigrahi PK. Photon added cat state: phase space structure and statistics. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1177-1180. [PMID: 33649686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.415713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase space structure and statistics of the photon added cat state are studied in the state's general form. Photon addition leads to a π phase shift at the origin in the observed phase space interference of the Wigner function, which may serve as an error syndrome detector. The maxima and minima of the sub-Planck tiles in the phase space of the kitten state are interchanged after photon addition, leading to their orthogonality. Interestingly, photon addition to the Yurke-Stoler state characterized by Poissonian statistics leads to a sub-Poissonian distribution, which may find potential use in quantum noise reduction.
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14
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15
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Generation and Detection of Continuous Variable Quantum Vortex States via Compact Photonic Devices. PHOTONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Yin HL, Fu Y, Mao Y, Chen ZB. Security of quantum key distribution with multiphoton components. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29482. [PMID: 27383014 PMCID: PMC4935864 DOI: 10.1038/srep29482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most qubit-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols extract the secure key merely from single-photon component of the attenuated lasers. However, with the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) QKD protocol, the unconditionally secure key can be extracted from the two-photon component by modifying the classical post-processing procedure in the BB84 protocol. Employing the merits of SARG04 QKD protocol and six-state preparation, one can extract secure key from the components of single photon up to four photons. In this paper, we provide the exact relations between the secure key rate and the bit error rate in a six-state SARG04 protocol with single-photon, two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon sources. By restricting the mutual information between the phase error and bit error, we obtain a higher secure bit error rate threshold of the multiphoton components than previous works. Besides, we compare the performances of the six-state SARG04 with other prepare-and-measure QKD protocols using decoy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lei Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP, Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP, Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yingqiu Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP, Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zeng-Bing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP, Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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17
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Higher Order Nonclassicality from Nonlinear Coherent States for Models with Quadratic Spectrum. Symmetry (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/sym8050036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
Single-quantum level operations are important tools to manipulate a quantum state. Annihilation or creation of single particles translates a quantum state to another by adding or subtracting a particle, depending on how many are already in the given state. The operations are probabilistic and the success rate has yet been low in their experimental realization. Here we experimentally demonstrate (near) deterministic addition and subtraction of a bosonic particle, in particular a phonon of ionic motion in a harmonic potential. We realize the operations by coupling phonons to an auxiliary two-level system and applying transitionless adiabatic passage. We show handy repetition of the operations on various initial states and demonstrate by the reconstruction of the density matrices that the operations preserve coherences. We observe the transformation of a classical state to a highly non-classical one and a Gaussian state to a non-Gaussian one by applying a sequence of operations deterministically.
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19
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Krapick S, Brecht B, Herrmann H, Quiring V, Silberhorn C. On-chip generation of photon-triplet states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2836-2849. [PMID: 26906852 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sources of many-partite non-classical states are key for the advancement of quantum technologies and for the fundamental testing of quantum mechanics. We demonstrate the generation of time-correlated photon triplets at telecom wavelengths via pulsed cascaded parametric down-conversion in a monolithically integrated source. By detecting the generated states with success probabilities of (6.25 ± 1.09) × 10(-11) per pump pulse at injected powers as low as 10 μW, we benchmark the efficiency of the complete system and deduce its high potential for scalability. Our source is unprecedentedly long-term stable, it overcomes interface losses intrinsically due to its monolithic architecture, and the photon-triplet states dominate uncorrelated noise significantly. These results mark crucial progress towards the proliferation of robust, scalable, synchronized and miniaturized quantum technology.
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20
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Wang D, Li M, Guo GC, Wang Q. An improved scheme on decoy-state method for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15130. [PMID: 26463580 PMCID: PMC4604557 DOI: 10.1038/srep15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum key distribution involving decoy-states is a significant application of quantum information. By using three-intensity decoy-states of single-photon-added coherent sources, we propose a practically realizable scheme on quantum key distribution which approaches very closely the ideal asymptotic case of an infinite number of decoy-states. We make a comparative study between this scheme and two other existing ones, i.e., two-intensity decoy-states with single-photon-added coherent sources, and three-intensity decoy-states with weak coherent sources. Through numerical analysis, we demonstrate the advantages of our scheme in secure transmission distance and the final key generation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information &Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mo Li
- Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information &Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information &Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China.,Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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21
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Pennini F, Plastino A, Ferri GL. Temperature-driven nonclassical light. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:064101. [PMID: 23848812 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.064101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With reference to two well known scenarios, we discuss, for nonclassical light, the competition between quantum and thermal effects. It is seen that for nonclassical light to be produced some amount of temperature-induced disorder is needed plus quantum fluctuations of order ħ squared.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pennini
- Instituto de Física, CCT La Plata, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 727, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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22
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Kumar R, Barrios E, Kupchak C, Lvovsky AI. Experimental characterization of bosonic creation and annihilation operators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:130403. [PMID: 23581299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The photon creation and annihilation operators are cornerstones of the quantum description of the electromagnetic field. They signify the isomorphism of the optical Hilbert space to that of the harmonic oscillator and the bosonic nature of photons. We perform complete experimental characterization (quantum process tomography) of these operators. By measuring their effect on coherent states by means of homodyne tomography, we obtain their process tensor in the Fock basis, which explicitly shows the "raising" and "lowering" properties of these operators with respect to photon number states. This is the first experimental demonstration of complete tomography of nondeterministic quantum processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada T2N 1N4
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23
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Longo P, Busch K. Pulse propagation of photon-added coherent states in waveguides with side-coupled nonlinear cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1793-1795. [PMID: 22660031 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of pulse propagation in a waveguide with a side-coupled Kerr nonlinear cavity. As a specific application, we demonstrate how the nonlinearity has a profound influence on transport properties of a photon-added coherent state. We find that the fields provided by the coherent states facilitate a tunable nonlinearity on the few-photon level, allowing for a robust gating of single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longo
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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24
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Nha H, Lee SY, Ji SW, Kim MS. Efficient entanglement criteria beyond Gaussian limits using Gaussian measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:030503. [PMID: 22400723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a formalism to derive entanglement criteria beyond the Gaussian regime that can be readily tested by only homodyne detection. The measured observable is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation. Its arbitrary functional form enables us to detect non-Gaussian entanglement even when an entanglement test based on second-order moments fails. We illustrate the power of our experimentally friendly criteria for a broad class of non-Gaussian states under realistic conditions. We also show rigorously that quantum teleportation for continuous variables employs a specific functional form of EPR correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Nha
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
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25
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Zavatta A, Parigi V, Kim MS, Jeong H, Bellini M. Experimental demonstration of the bosonic commutation relation via superpositions of quantum operations on thermal light fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:140406. [PMID: 19905553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.140406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental realization of a scheme, based on single-photon interference, for implementing superpositions of distinct quantum operations. Its application to a thermal light field (a well-categorized classical entity) illustrates quantum superposition from a new standpoint and provides a direct and quantitative verification of the bosonic commutation relation between creation and annihilation operators. By shifting the focus towards operator superpositions, this result opens interesting alternative perspectives for manipulating quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata (INOA-CNR), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
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26
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Li SB. Mean parity of a single quantum excitation of some optical fields in thermal environments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2009; 42:055505. [DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/42/5/055505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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27
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28
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Zavatta A, Viciani S, Bellini M. Quantum-to-Classical Transition with Single-Photon-Added Coherent States of Light. Science 2004; 306:660-2. [PMID: 15499013 DOI: 10.1126/science.1103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Single-photon-added coherent states are the result of the most elementary amplification process of classical light fields by a single quantum of excitation. Being intermediate between a single-photon Fock state (fully quantum-mechanical) and a coherent (classical) one, these states offer the opportunity to closely follow the smooth transition between the particle-like and the wavelike behavior of light. We report the experimental generation of single-photon-added coherent states and their complete characterization by quantum tomography. Besides visualizing the evolution of the quantum-to-classical transition, these states allow one to witness the gradual change from the spontaneous to the stimulated regimes of light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Largo Enrico Fermi, 6, I-50125, Florence, Italy
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29
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30
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Dodonov VV. `Nonclassical' states in quantum optics: a `squeezed' review of the first 75 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/4/1/201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Lvovsky AI, Hansen H, Aichele T, Benson O, Mlynek J, Schiller S. Quantum state reconstruction of the single-photon Fock state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:050402. [PMID: 11497753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have reconstructed the quantum state of optical pulses containing single photons using the method of phase-randomized pulsed optical homodyne tomography. The single-photon Fock state 1> was prepared using conditional measurements on photon pairs born in the process of parametric down-conversion. A probability distribution of the phase-averaged electric field amplitudes with a strongly non-Gaussian shape is obtained with the total detection efficiency of (55+/-1)%. The angle-averaged Wigner function reconstructed from this distribution shows a strong dip reaching classically impossible negative values around the origin of the phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Lvovsky
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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32
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Abd Al-Kader GM. Linear amplifier via the displaced Fock states superposition. PRAMANA 1999; 53:877-890. [DOI: 10.1007/s12043-999-0122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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33
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Perinová V, Luks A, Krepelka J. Ideal and destructive state reductions of correlated light fields and the continuous measurement of photon number. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:525-542. [PMID: 9912911 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Nath R, Muthu SK. Phase Properties of States Generated by Excitation on a Coherent State. COHERENCE AND QUANTUM OPTICS VII 1996:601-602. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9742-8_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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35
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Dutta B, Mehta CL, Mukunda N. Squeezed states, metaplectic group, and operator Möbius transformations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:39-61. [PMID: 9910867 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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Agarwal GS, Graf M, Orszag M, Scully MO, Walther H. State preparation via quantum coherence and continuous measurement. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:4077-4084. [PMID: 9910707 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Agarwal GS. Negative binomial states of the field-operator representation and production by state reduction in optical processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:1787-1792. [PMID: 9907163 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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