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Li A, Pan Y, Dienstbier P, Hommelhoff P. Quantum Interference Visibility Spectroscopy in Two-Color Photoemission from Tungsten Needle Tips. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:137403. [PMID: 33861135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.137403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When two-color femtosecond laser pulses interact with matter, electrons can be emitted through various multiphoton excitation pathways. Quantum interference between these pathways gives rise to a strong oscillation of the photoemitted electron current, experimentally characterized by its visibility. In this Letter, we demonstrate the two-color visibility spectroscopy of multiphoton photoemissions from a solid-state nanoemitter. We investigate the quantum pathway interference visibility over an almost octave-spanning wavelength range of the fundamental (ω) femtosecond laser pulses and their second harmonic (2ω). The photoemissions show a high visibility of 90% ± 5%, with a remarkably constant distribution. Furthermore, by varying the relative intensity ratio of the two colors, we find that we can vary the visibility between 0% and close to 100%. A simple but highly insightful theoretical model allows us to explain all observations, with excellent quantitative agreements. We expect this work to be universal to all kinds of photo-driven quantum interference, including quantum control in physics, chemistry, and quantum engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yiming Pan
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Philip Dienstbier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Hommelhoff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Giannessi L, Allaria E, Prince KC, Callegari C, Sansone G, Ueda K, Morishita T, Liu CN, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Gryzlova EV, Douguet N, Bartschat K. Coherent control schemes for the photoionization of neon and helium in the Extreme Ultraviolet spectral region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7774. [PMID: 29773811 PMCID: PMC5958097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeded Free-Electron Laser (FEL) FERMI is the first source of short-wavelength light possessing the full coherence of optical lasers, together with the extreme power available from FELs. FERMI provides longitudinally coherent radiation in the Extreme Ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectral regions, and therefore opens up wide new fields of investigation in physics. We first propose experiments exploiting this property to provide coherent control of the photoionization of neon and helium, carry out numerical calculations to find optimum experimental parameters, and then describe how these experiments may be realized. The approach uses bichromatic illumination of a target and measurement of the products of the interaction, analogous to previous Brumer-Shapiro-type experiments in the optical spectral range. We describe operational schemes for the FERMI FEL, and simulate the conditions necessary to produce light at the fundamental and second or third harmonic frequencies, and to control the phase with respect to the fundamental. We conclude that a quantitative description of the phenomena is extremely challenging for present state-of-the-art theoretical and computational methods, and further development is necessary. Furthermore, the intensity available may already be excessive for the experiments proposed on helium. Perspectives for further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,ENEA C.R. Frascati, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Physikalisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Chien Nan Liu
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Alexei N Grum-Grzhimailo
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V Gryzlova
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nicolas Douguet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, 50311, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Klaus Bartschat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, 50311, USA
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Abstract
Optical frequency combs from mode-locked femtosecond lasers have revolutionized the art of counting the frequency of light. They can link optical and microwave frequencies in a single step, and they provide the long missing clockwork for optical atomic clocks. By extending the limits of time and frequency metrology, they enable new tests of fundamental physics laws. Precise comparisons of optical resonance frequencies of atomic hydrogen and other atoms with the microwave frequency of a cesium atomic clock are establishing sensitive limits for possible slow variations of fundamental constants. Optical high harmonic generation is extending frequency comb techniques into the extreme ultraviolet, opening a new spectral territory to precision laser spectroscopy. Frequency comb techniques are also providing a key to attosecond science by offering control of the electric field of ultrafast laser pulses. In our laboratories at Stanford and Garching, the development of new instruments and techniques for precision laser spectroscopy has long been motivated by the goal of ever higher resolution and measurement accuracy in optical spectroscopy of the simple hydrogen atom which permits unique confrontations between experiment and fundamental theory. This lecture recounts these adventures and the evolution of laser frequency comb techniques from my personal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor W Hänsch
- Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
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Papalazarou E, Kovacev M, Tzallas P, Benis EP, Kalpouzos C, Tsakiris GD, Charalambidis D. Spectral phase distribution retrieval through coherent control of harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:163901. [PMID: 16712230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The temporal intensity distribution of the third harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser generated in Xe gas is fully reconstructed from its spectral phase and amplitude distributions. The spectral phases are retrieved by cross correlating the fundamental laser frequency field with that of the third harmonic, in a three laser versus one harmonic photon coupling scheme. The third harmonic spectral amplitude distribution is extracted from its field autocorrelation. The measured pulse duration is found to be in agreement with that expected from lowest order perturbation theory both for unstretched and chirped pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papalazarou
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Crete, Greece
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Abstract
There has been much progress in the control of chemical reactions since methods of active control were first proposed by Brumer & Shapiro and by Tannor & Rice ten years ago. This chapter reviews both theoretical and experimental advances in the field. Control schemes based on quantum mechanical interference between competing paths and the manipulation of wave packets with tailored laser pulses are discussed. The theory of optimal control, the limitations of control theory applied to many-body dynamics, and the effects of constraints on the trajectory of the controlled observable are presented. Experimental progress in controlling the population of specific quantum states, in manipulating the dynamics of bound wave packets, and in the control of chemical reactions are reviewed, and current problems in the field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gordon
- Department of Chemistry (m/c 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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Petrosyan D, Lambropoulos P. Phase control of photoabsorption in optically dense media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:1843-1846. [PMID: 10970628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a self-consistent theory, as well as an illustrative application to a realistic system, of phase control of photoabsorption in an optically dense medium. We demonstrate that, when propagation effects are taken into consideration, the impact on phase control is significant. Independent of the value of the initial phase difference between the two fields, over a short scaled distance of propagation, the medium tends to settle the relative phase so that it cancels the atomic excitation. In addition, we find some rather unusual behavior for an optically thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Petrosyan
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece and Institute for Physical Research, ANAS, Ashtarak-2, 378410, Armenia
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