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Prost E, Hertz E, Billard F, Lavorel B, Faucher O. Polarization-based tachometer for measuring spinning rotors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31839-31849. [PMID: 30650763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the polarization analysis of shortpulse ultraviolet radiation produced by third-harmonic generation in a gas of coherently spinning molecules. A pulse of twisted linear polarization imprints a unidirectional rotational motion to the molecules leading to an orientation of their rotational angular momenta. A second pulse, time-delayed with respect to the first one, circularly polarized in the plane of rotation of the molecules, acts as a driving field for third-harmonic generation. The angular momentum and energy conservation applied to this process foresees the generation of two Doppler-shifted circularly-polarized harmonics of opposite handedness. Our analysis reveals that spinning molecules enable the generation of a well polarized third-harmonic radiation exhibiting a high degree of ellipticity. Tracking the orientation of the latter allows a time-capture of the molecular axis direction from which the average angular velocity of the rotating molecules is inferred. This method provides a user-friendly polarization-based tachometer for measurement of the rotational speed of spinning nonlinear rotors.
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Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A, Martín F. Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10760-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM- CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Li Y, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Qin M, Lu P. Quantum-orbit analysis for yield and ellipticity of high order harmonic generation with elliptically polarized laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4896-4907. [PMID: 23482023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We perform a quantum-orbit analysis for the dependence of high-order-harmonic yield on the driving field ellipticity and the polarization properties of the generated high harmonics. The electron trajectories responsible for the emission of particular harmonics are identified. It is found that, in elliptically polarized driving field, the electrons have ellipticity-dependent initial velocities, which lead to the decrease of the ionization rate. Thus the harmonic yield steeply decreases with laser ellipticity. Besides, we show that the polarization properties of the harmonics are related to the complex momenta of the electron. The physical origin of the harmonic ellipticity is interpreted as the consequence of quantum-mechanical uncertainty of the electron momentum. Our results are verified with the experimental results as well as the numerical solutions of the time dependent Schrödinger equation from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Fleischer A, Sidorenko P, Cohen O. Generation of high-order harmonics with controllable elliptical polarization. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:223-225. [PMID: 23454969 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose and numerically demonstrate a method for obtaining high-harmonic radiation with desirable elliptical polarization. Atoms are shined by a combination of a strong linearly-polarized laser field and an additional weak field, which is elliptically polarized in a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the strong field. The strong driver ionizes and recollides electrons with their parent ion, while the weak field perturbatively drives the electrons away from "head-on" collision. Upon recombination, new elliptically polarized harmonics with same ellipticity as the weak driver are emitted at efficiency which linearly depends on the intensity of the weak beam, but is independent of its elilipticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Fleischer
- Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Strelkov VV, Gonoskov AA, Gonoskov IA, Ryabikin MY. Origin for ellipticity of high-order harmonics generated in atomic gases and the sublaser-cycle evolution of harmonic polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:043902. [PMID: 21867007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.043902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate numerically and analytically the polarization properties of high-order harmonics generated by an atom in intense elliptically polarized laser field. The offset angle of the harmonic polarization ellipse can be well described with the semiclassic "simple-man" high-harmonic generation model. The harmonic ellipticity itself, however, can be hardly understood within this model. We show that this ellipticity originates from quantum-mechanical uncertainty of the electron motion. We develop a theoretical approach describing this ellipticity and, more generally, the time evolution of the high-harmonic polarization state within the laser cycle. The analytical results are verified with the exact numerical solution; to make the comparison accurately, we develop a specific technique for separating the contributions of quantum paths in the numerical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Strelkov
- General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Lewenstein M, L’Huillier A. Principles of Single Atom Physics: High-Order Harmonic Generation, Above-Threshold Ionization and Non-Sequential Ionization. STRONG FIELD LASER PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Levesque J, Mairesse Y, Dudovich N, Pépin H, Kieffer JC, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM. Polarization state of high-order harmonic emission from aligned molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:243001. [PMID: 18233445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic emission in isotropic gases is polarized in the same direction as the incident laser polarization. Laser-induced molecular alignment allows us to break the symmetry of the gas medium. By using aligned molecules in high harmonic generation experiments, we show that the polarization of the extreme ultraviolet emission depends strongly on the molecular alignment and the orbital structure. Polarization measurements give insight into the molecular orbital symmetry. Furthermore, molecular alignment will allow us to produce attosecond pulses with time-dependent polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Levesque
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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Barth I, Manz J, Shigeta Y, Yagi K. Unidirectional Electronic Ring Current Driven by a Few Cycle Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse: Quantum Model Simulations for Mg−Porphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7043-9. [PMID: 16719485 DOI: 10.1021/ja057197l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A circularly polarized ultraviolet (UV) laser pulse may excite a unidirectional valence-type electronic ring current in an oriented molecule, within the pulse duration of a few femtoseconds (e.g., tau = 3.5 fs). The mechanism is demonstrated by quantum model simulation for |X = |1(1)A(1g) --> |E(+) = |4 (1)E(u+) population transfer in the model system, Mg-porphyrin. The net ring current generated by the laser pulse (I = 84.5 microA) is at least 100 times stronger than any ring current, which could be induced by means of permanent magnetic fields, with present technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Barth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Borca B, Flegel AV, Frolov MV, Manakov NL, Milosevic DB, Starace AF. Static-electric-field-induced polarization effects in harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:732-735. [PMID: 10991385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two static-electric-field-induced effects on harmonic generation are demonstrated analytically and numerically: elliptic dichroism (in which the harmonic yield is different for right and left elliptically polarized laser fields) and elliptical polarization of harmonics produced by linearly polarized driving laser fields. Both effects stem from interference of real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear atomic susceptibilities. Possibilities for experimentally measuring these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0111, USA
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Milosevic DB, Piraux B. High-order harmonic generation in a bichromatic elliptically polarized laser field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:1522-1531. [PMID: 9913622 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Ivanov MY, Brabec T, Burnett N. Coulomb corrections and polarization effects in high-intensity high-harmonic emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:742-745. [PMID: 9913532 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Antoine P, L'Huillier A, Lewenstein M, Salières P, Carré B. Theory of high-order harmonic generation by an elliptically polarized laser field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:1725-1745. [PMID: 9913065 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Long S, Becker W, McIver JK. Model calculations of polarization-dependent two-color high-harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:2262-2278. [PMID: 9912486 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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