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High-resolution laser resonances of antiprotonic helium in superfluid 4He. Nature 2022; 603:411-415. [PMID: 35296843 PMCID: PMC8930758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When atoms are placed into liquids, their optical spectral lines corresponding to the electronic transitions are greatly broadened compared to those of single, isolated atoms. This linewidth increase can often reach a factor of more than a million, obscuring spectroscopic structures and preventing high-resolution spectroscopy, even when superfluid helium, which is the most transparent, cold and chemically inert liquid, is used as the host material1–6. Here we show that when an exotic helium atom with a constituent antiproton7–9 is embedded into superfluid helium, its visible-wavelength spectral line retains a sub-gigahertz linewidth. An abrupt reduction in the linewidth of the antiprotonic laser resonance was observed when the liquid surrounding the atom transitioned into the superfluid phase. This resolved the hyperfine structure arising from the spin–spin interaction between the electron and antiproton with a relative spectral resolution of two parts in 106, even though the antiprotonic helium resided in a dense matrix of normal matter atoms. The electron shell of the antiprotonic atom retains a small radius of approximately 40 picometres during the laser excitation7. This implies that other helium atoms containing antinuclei, as well as negatively charged mesons and hyperons that include strange quarks formed in superfluid helium, may be studied by laser spectroscopy with a high spectral resolution, enabling the determination of the particle masses9. The sharp spectral lines may enable the detection of cosmic-ray antiprotons10,11 or searches for antideuterons12 that come to rest in liquid helium targets. The spectral lines of antiprotonic helium atoms are shown to retain their sub-gigahertz linewidth upon submersion in a bath of superfluid helium, enabling the hyperfine structure to be resolved.
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2
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Buelna X, Freund A, Gonzalez D, Popov E, Eloranta J. Ejection of Metal Particles into Superfluid 4He by Laser Ablation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11010-11017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Buelna
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Adam Freund
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Evgeny Popov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
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3
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Modesto-Costa L, Mukherjee PK, Canuto S. A CASPT2 study of the spectral shift of the resonance emission lines of Rb and Cs embedded in liquid He. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Modesto-Costa L, Canuto S, Mukherjee PK, Fricke B. A simple model for a theoretical study of the spectral line shifts of alkali atoms attached to helium nanodroplets. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Popov E, Eloranta J. Copper dimer interactions on a thermomechanical superfluid 4He fountain. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:204704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, California 91330, USA
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, California 91330, USA
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6
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Moroshkin P, Lebedev V, Weis A. Spectroscopy of gold atoms isolated in liquid and solid 4He matrices. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:104307. [PMID: 24050344 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic experimental study of absorption and fluorescence spectra of Au atoms in bulk liquid and solid helium matrices. The results are compared to the spectra of Cu atoms studied earlier. We investigate the dependence of the observed spectral lineshapes on the helium pressure. The observed splitting of the 5d(10)6p - 5d(9)6s(2) transitions of Au in hcp solid He gives evidence for an anisotropic trapping site structure formed either by a non-spherical atomic bubble or a four-vacancy center.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moroshkin
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Popov E, Mammetkuliyev M, Eloranta J. Dynamics of vortex assisted metal condensation in superfluid helium. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Gerhardt I, Sin K, Momose T. Excitation and emission spectra of rubidium in rare-gas thin-films. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014507. [PMID: 22779665 DOI: 10.1063/1.4730032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the optical properties of atoms in solid state matrices, the absorption, excitation, and emission spectra of rubidium doped thin-films of argon, krypton, and xenon were investigated in detail. A two-dimensional spectral analysis extends earlier reports on the excitation and emission properties of rubidium in rare-gas hosts. We found that the doped crystals of krypton and xenon exhibit a simple absorption-emission relation, whereas rubidium in argon showed more complicated spectral structures. Our sample preparation employed in the present work yielded different results for the Ar crystal, but our peak positions were consistent with the prediction based on the linear extrapolation of Xe and Kr data. We also observed a bleaching behavior in rubidium excitation spectra, which suggests a population transfer from one to another spectral feature due to hole-burning. The observed optical response implies that rubidium in rare-gas thin-films is detectable with extremely high sensitivity, possibly down to a single atom level, in low concentration samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Gerhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Low Temperature Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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9
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MARINETTI FABIO, BODO ENRICO, GIANTURCO FRANCOA. IONIC OH AS DOPANT OF HELIUM DROPLETS: AB INITIO POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES FOR OH+(3Σ-)-4He, OH-(1Σ-)-4He, AND STABLE STRUCTURES OF THEIR SMALLER CLUSTERS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633606002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, post-Hartree–Fock calculations have been carried out for a broad range of geometries in order to obtain an extended description of the orientational anisotropy and radial strength of the interaction of OH + and OH - ions with the unit species of a weak quantum solvent as that provided by 4 He droplets. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are obtained for the smallest complex system with one 4 He atom, and the possible role and importance of many-body effects is also investigated. The energetics and shapes of the OH +-4 He and OH --4 He internal bound states are obtained and analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- FABIO MARINETTI
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - ENRICO BODO
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - FRANCO A. GIANTURCO
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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10
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Lebedev V, Moroshkin P, Weis A. Spectroscopy of Nonspherical Atomic Bubbles in Solid Helium. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7169-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200159s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Lebedev
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P. Moroshkin
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A. Weis
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Callegari C, Ancilotto F. Perturbation Method to Calculate the Interaction Potentials and Electronic Excitation Spectra of Atoms in He Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6789-96. [PMID: 21434657 DOI: 10.1021/jp111157w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Callegari
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, EU
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica ‘G. Galilei’, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM-Democritos, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Leino M, Viel A, Zillich RE. Electronically excited rubidium atom in helium clusters and films. II. Second excited state and absorption spectrum. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3528936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markku Leino
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS & Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
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13
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Lebedev V, Moroshkin P, Toennies JP, Weis A. Spectroscopy of the copper dimer in normal fluid, superfluid, and solid H4e. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:154508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3497643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Bünermann O, Droppelmann G, Hernando A, Mayol R, Stienkemeier F. Unraveling the Absorption Spectra of Alkali Metal Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12684-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0760760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georg Droppelmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernando
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mayol
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Moriwaki Y, Inui K, Kobayashi K, Matsushima F, Morita N. Laser spectroscopic study of Mg atoms in pressurized liquid helium. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Moroshkin P, Hofer A, Nettels D, Ulzega S, Weis A. Cs*Hen exciplexes in solid He4. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024511. [PMID: 16422615 DOI: 10.1063/1.2141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a theoretical and experimental study of the laser-induced formation process and of the emission spectra of Cs*He(n) exciplexes in the hcp and bcc phases of solid helium. Two different exciplex molecules are detected: a linear triatomic Cs*He2, which can exist in two electronic states: APi(1/2) and BPi(3/2), and a larger complex, where six or seven He atoms form a ring around a single cesium atom in the 6P(1/2) state. A theoretical model is presented, which allows the interpretation of the experimentally observed spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moroshkin
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Nettels D, Hofer A, Moroshkin P, Müller-Siebert R, Ulzega S, Weis A. Discovery of dumbbell-shaped Cs*Hen exciplexes in solid 4He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:063001. [PMID: 15783725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have observed several new spectral features in the fluorescence of cesium atoms implanted in the hcp phase of solid helium following laser excitation to the 62P states. Based on calculations of the emission spectra using semiempirical Cs-He pair potentials the newly discovered lines can be assigned to the decay of specific Cs*Hen exciplexes: an apple-shaped Cs(APi3/2)He2 and a dumbbell-shaped Cs(APi1/2)Hen exciplex with a well-defined number n of bound helium atoms. While the former has been observed in other environments, it was commonly believed that exciplexes with n>2 might not exist. The calculations suggest Cs(APi1/2)He7 to be the most probable candidate for that exciplex, in which the helium atoms are arranged on a ring around the waist of the dumbbell-shaped electronic density distribution of the cesium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nettels
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Bünermann O, Mudrich M, Weidemüller M, Stienkemeier F. Spectroscopy of Cs attached to helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8880-6. [PMID: 15527352 DOI: 10.1063/1.1805508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesium oligomers are formed on helium nanodroplets which are doped with one or a few Cs atoms. The monomer absorption of the first electronic p<--s transition upon laser excitation is probed. Spectra employing laser-induced fluorescence, beam depletion, and resonant photoionization are compared. In particular, mass-resolved photoionization allows us to specifically probe excitation induced processes such as, e.g., the formation of cesium-helium exciplexes. Absorption spectra of Cs dimers and trimers are recorded in the spectral region accessible by a Ti:sapphire laser. Assignment of dimer spectra is achieved by comparison with model calculations based on ab initio potentials. Electronic absorption lines of Cs trimers are attributed to transitions in the quartet manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bünermann
- Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Mella M, Colombo MC, Morosi G. Ground state and excitation dynamics in Ag doped helium clusters. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1518472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Fujisaki A. Relationship between the thermal properties and optical emission spectra of the KXeN polyatomic exciplexes. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Eichler T, Müller-Siebert R, Nettels D, Kanorsky S, Weis A. Optical detection of nonradiating alkali atoms in solid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:123002. [PMID: 11909454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Revised: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have detected by optical means nonfluorescing 85Rb and 87Rb atoms implanted in a body centered cubic 4He crystal. In contrast to cesium the resonance fluorescence of rubidium is strongly quenched by the helium matrix, and the weak resonance absorption of the two Rb isotopes was detected using a double resonance technique. From a comparative study of the (optically detected) magnetic resonance spectra of 85Rb, 87Rb, and 133Cs we infer their effective g(F) factors and conclude that they are not perturbed by the He matrix at a level of 2 x 10(-4). We show further that optical pumping of Rb proceeds via depopulation, whereas for Cs it proceeds via repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eichler
- Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Vigliotti F, Cavina A, Bressler C, Lang B, Chergui M. Structural dynamics in quantum solids. I. Steady-state spectroscopy of the electronic bubble in solid hydrogens. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1449945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Vigliotti F, Bonacina L, Chergui M. Structural dynamics in quantum solids. II. Real-time probing of the electronic bubble formation in solid hydrogens. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1449946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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25
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Shinoda K, Miura S, Okazaki S. A molecular approach to quantum fluids based on a generalized Ornstein–Zernike integral equation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1359480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Kunz CF, Hess BA. A fast ab initio model for the calculation of excited electronic states of atoms and molecules in a weakly polarizable environment. II. Application to the spectrum of cesium in liquid helium. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Miura S, Okazaki S, Kinugawa K. A path integral centroid molecular dynamics study of nonsuperfluid liquid helium-4. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Laser ablation of in situ metals has recently made it possible to immerse a large number of different metal atoms and ions and small clusters of metal atoms in liquid helium (He) and thus study their absorption and emission spectra in the visible region. Atoms and molecules are readily picked up by large (N > or = 103 atoms) He droplets, and their spectra are sensitively detected through the use of either beam depletion following absorption or laser-induced fluorescence. Within the past three years, a wide variety of molecules, ranging from OCS to large organic molecules such as amino acids and a number of van der Waals complexes and even large metal clusters, have been embedded in He droplets and studied either in infrared or in the visible region. These results are discussed here in detail, and the evidence for the effect of superfluidity on the spectral features is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Toennies
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Goettingen, Germany
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31
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Kinoshita T, Fukuda K, Yabuzaki T. Doubly shaped D2 excitation spectra of Cs and Rb atoms in superfluid helium due to a quadrupole bubble surface oscillation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6600-6607. [PMID: 9986678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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32
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Kinoshita T, Fukuda K, Matsuura T, Yabuzaki T. Pressure-dependent quenching of Rb 5P states in liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:4054-4063. [PMID: 9913370 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Persson JL, Hui Q, Jakubek ZJ, Nakamura M, Takami M. Formation of AgHe2 exciplex in liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1501-1504. [PMID: 10061739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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