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Brand C, Hucht A, Jnawali G, Fortmann JD, Sothmann B, Mehdipour H, Kratzer P, Schützhold R, Horn-von Hoegen M. Dimer Coupling Energies of the Si(001) Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:126203. [PMID: 37027849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coupling energies between the buckled dimers of the Si(001) surface were determined through analysis of the anisotropic critical behavior of its order-disorder phase transition. Spot profiles in high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction as a function of temperature were analyzed within the framework of the anisotropic two-dimensional Ising model. The validity of this approach is justified by the large ratio of correlation lengths, ξ_{∥}^{+}/ξ_{⊥}^{+}=5.2 of the fluctuating c(4×2) domains above the critical temperature T_{c}=(190.6±10) K. We obtain effective couplings J_{∥}=(-24.9±1.3) meV along the dimer rows and J_{⊥}=(-0.8±0.1) meV across the dimer rows, i.e., antiferromagneticlike coupling of the dimers with c(4×2) symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Hucht
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Giriraj Jnawali
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jonas D Fortmann
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Björn Sothmann
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Hamid Mehdipour
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kratzer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schützhold
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Horn-von Hoegen
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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Liu DJ, Garcia A, Wang J, Ackerman DM, Wang CJ, Evans JW. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Statistical Mechanical Models and Coarse-Grained Mesoscale Descriptions of Catalytic Reaction–Diffusion Processes: 1D Nanoporous and 2D Surface Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5979-6050. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500453t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jiang Liu
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andres Garcia
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - David M. Ackerman
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chi-Jen Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James W. Evans
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Taroni A, Bramwell ST, Holdsworth PCW. Universal window for two-dimensional critical exponents. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:275233. [PMID: 21694394 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/27/275233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional condensed matter is realized in increasingly diverse forms that are accessible to experiment and of potential technological value. The properties of these systems are influenced by many length scales and reflect both generic physics and chemical detail. To unify their physical description is therefore a complex and important challenge. Here we investigate the distribution of experimentally estimated critical exponents, β, that characterize the evolution of the order parameter through the ordering transition. The distribution is found to be bimodal and bounded within a window ∼0.1≤β≤0.25, facts that are only in partial agreement with the established theory of critical phenomena. In particular, the bounded nature of the distribution is impossible to reconcile with the existing theory for one of the major universality classes of two-dimensional behaviour-the XY model with four-fold crystal field-which predicts a spectrum of non-universal exponents bounded only from below. Through a combination of numerical and renormalization group arguments we resolve the contradiction between theory and experiment and demonstrate how the 'universal window' for critical exponents observed in experiment arises from a competition between marginal operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taroni
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Brihuega I, Custance O, Pérez R, Gómez-Rodríguez JM. Intrinsic character of the (3 x 3) to (square root 3 x square root 3) phase transition in Pb/Si(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:046101. [PMID: 15783574 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.046101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the (3 x 3) to (square root 3 x square root 3) reversible phase transition in Pb/Si(111) by means of variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional first-principles calculations. By tracking exactly the same regions of the surface with atomic resolution in a temperature range between 40 and 200 K, we have observed the phase transition in real time. The ability to prepare and track exceptionally large domains without defects has allowed us to detect the intrinsic character of the phase transition at temperatures around 86 K. This intrinsic character is in full agreement with our first-principles calculations. Moreover, our results show that the hypothesis that point defects play a fundamental role as the driving force, reported for similar systems, can be discarded for Pb/Si(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brihuega
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049-Madrid, Spain
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LaBella VP, Bullock DW, Anser M, Ding Z, Emery C, Bellaiche L, Thibado PM. Microscopic view of a two-dimensional lattice-Gas ising system within the grand canonical ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4152-4155. [PMID: 10990633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A reversible 2D critical transition is observed on the GaAs(001) surface and modeled as a lattice-gas Ising system. Without depositing any material, 2D GaAs islands spontaneously form. The order parameter, four critical exponents, and coupling energies are measured from scanning tunneling microscope images of the microscopic domain structure and correlation functions as a function of temperature and pressure. Unprecedented insight into the domain structure of a 2D Ising system through the critical point and a complete Hamiltonian for modeling the GaAs(001) surface are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- VP LaBella
- Department of Physics, The University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Baraldi A, Dhanak VR, Comelli G, Prince KC, Rosei R. O/Rh(100) p(2 x 2)-->c(2 x 2) order-disorder phase transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:4073-4077. [PMID: 9983962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Stolzenberg M, Lyuksyutov I, Bauer E. Two-stage melting in two dimensions: Te/Mo(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:2675-2679. [PMID: 10008664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Baek DH, Chung JW, Han WK. Critical behavior of the p(2 x 1)-O/W(110) system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:8461-8464. [PMID: 10004881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lässig M. Exact universal amplitude ratios in two-dimensional systems near criticality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3737-3740. [PMID: 10044813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zuo J, Wang G. Effects of impurities on the phase transition and critical phenomena of a chemisorbed overlayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:7078-7087. [PMID: 9992966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Busch H, Henzler M. Domain-growth kinetics of Ag on Ge(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:4891-4896. [PMID: 9994344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pfnür H, Piercy P. Oxygen on Ru(001): Critical behavior of a p(2 x 1) order-disorder transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:582-589. [PMID: 9992797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Grzelakowski K, Lyuksyutov I, Bauer E. Direct observation of scaling by high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction: O on Mo(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 64:32-35. [PMID: 10041266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bu H, Grizzi O, Shi M, Rabalais JW. Time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry. II. The structure of oxygen on the W(211) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:10147-10162. [PMID: 9991561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.10147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pfnür H, Piercy P. Critical behavior of p(2 x 2) oxygen on Ru(001): An example of four-state Potts critical exponents. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:2515-2522. [PMID: 9992139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zuo J, Wang G, Lu T. Random-field effects on dynamical scaling in the domain growth of a chemisorbed overlayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:524-533. [PMID: 9990944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zuo J, Wang G, Lu T. Dynamical scaling in the domain growth of a chemisorbed overlayer: W(112)(2 x 1)-O. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:9432-9436. [PMID: 9947678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.9432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sánchez A, Ferrer S. Structure and melting of lead overlayers on Cu(100) studied with thermal-energy atom scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:5778-5786. [PMID: 9948995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zuo J, Wang G, Lu T. Growth kinetics of a chemisorbed overlayer in the presence of impurities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 60:1053-1056. [PMID: 10037929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Moritz W, Lagally MG. Reliability of low-energy electron diffraction for studies of surface order-disorder phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:865-868. [PMID: 10033306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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