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Chen Y, Yan X, Geng H, Sheng X, Zhang L, Wang H, Li J, Cao Y, Pan X. Prediction of Stable Ground-State Binary Sodium-Potassium Interalkalis under High Pressures. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:124-129. [PMID: 33352043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex structures and electronic properties of alkali metals and their alloys provide a natural laboratory for studying the interelectronic interactions of metals under compression. A recent theoretical study (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 3006) predicted an interesting pressure-induced decomposition-recombination behavior of the Na2K compound over a pressure range of 10-500 GPa. However, a subsequent experiment (Phys. Rev. B 2020, 101, 224108) reported the formation of NaK rather than Na2K at pressures above 5.9 GPa. To address this discordance, we study the chemical stability of different stoichiometries of NaxK (x = 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/3, 3/2, and 1-4) by an effective structure searching method combined with first-principles calculations. Na2K is calculated to be unstable at 5-35 GPa due to the decomposition reaction Na2K → NaK + Na, coinciding well with the experiment. NaK undergoes a combination-decomposition-recombination process accompanied by an opposite charge-transfer behavior between Na and K with pressure. Besides NaK, two hitherto unknown compounds NaK3 and Na3K2 are uncovered. NaK3 is a typical metallic alloy, while Na3K2 is an electride with strong interstitial electron localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Chen
- School of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Yan
- School of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayun Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Sheng
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Rahm M, Cammi R, Ashcroft NW, Hoffmann R. Squeezing All Elements in the Periodic Table: Electron Configuration and Electronegativity of the Atoms under Compression. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10253-10271. [PMID: 31144505 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a quantum mechanical model capable of describing isotropic compression of single atoms in a non-reactive neon-like environment. Studies of 93 atoms predict drastic changes to ground-state electronic configurations and electronegativity in the pressure range of 0-300 GPa. This extension of atomic reference data assists in the working of chemical intuition at extreme pressure and can act as a guide to both experiments and computational efforts. For example, we can speculate on the existence of pressure-induced polarity (red-ox) inversions in various alloys. Our study confirms that the filling of energy levels in compressed atoms more closely follows the hydrogenic aufbau principle, where the ordering is determined by the principal quantum number. In contrast, the Madelung energy ordering rule is not predictive for atoms under compression. Magnetism may increase or decrease with pressure, depending on which atom is considered. However, Hund's rule is never violated for single atoms in the considered pressure range. Important (and understandable) electron shifts, s→p, s→d, s→f, and d→f are essential chemical and physical consequences of compression. Among the specific intriguing changes predicted are an increase in the range between the most and least electronegative elements with compression; a rearrangement of electronegativities of the alkali metals with pressure, with Na becoming the most electropositive s1 element (while Li becomes a p group element and K and heavier become transition metals); phase transitions in Ca, Sr, and Ba correlating well with s→d transitions; spin-reduction in all d-block atoms for which the valence d-shell occupation is d n (4 ≤ n ≤ 8); d→f transitions in Ce, Dy, and Cm causing Ce to become the most electropositive element of the f-block; f→d transitions in Ho, Dy, and Tb and a s→f transition in Pu. At high pressure Sc and Ti become the most electropositive elements, while Ne, He, and F remain the most electronegative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Department of Chemical Science, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - N W Ashcroft
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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Emergence of topological electronic phases in elemental lithium under pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9197-9201. [PMID: 31019081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821533116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium, a prototypical simple metal under ambient conditions, has a surprisingly rich phase diagram under pressure, taking up several structures with reduced symmetry, low coordination numbers, and even semiconducting character with increasing density. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that some predicted high-pressure phases of elemental Li also host topological electronic structures. Beginning at 80 GPa and coincident with a transition to the previously predicted Pbca phase, we find Li to be a Dirac nodal line semimetal. We further calculate that Li retains linearly dispersing energy bands near the Fermi energy in subsequent predicted higher-pressure phases and that it exhibits a Lifshitz transition between two Cmca phases at 220 GPa. The Fd[Formula: see text]m phase at 500 GPa forms buckled honeycomb layers that give rise to a Dirac crossing 1 eV below the Fermi energy. The well-isolated topological nodes near the Fermi level in these phases result from increasing p-orbital character with density at the Fermi level, itself a consequence of rising 1s core wavefunction overlap, and a preference for nonsymmorphic symmetries in the crystal structures favored at these pressures. Our results provide evidence that under pressure, bulk 3D materials with light elements, or even pure elemental systems, can undergo phase transitions hosting nontrivial topological phase transitions hosting nontrivial topological properties near the Fermi level with measurable consequences and that, through pressure, we can access these phases in elemental lithium.
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Zhang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Yang SA, Ma Y. Pressure-Stabilized Semiconducting Electrides in Alkaline-Earth-Metal Subnitrides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13798-13803. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Zhang
- State
Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
- Research
Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Weikang Wu
- Research
Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State
Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengyuan A. Yang
- Research
Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yanming Ma
- State
Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International
Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Elatresh SF, Cai W, Ashcroft NW, Hoffmann R, Deemyad S, Bonev SA. Evidence from Fermi surface analysis for the low-temperature structure of lithium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5389-5394. [PMID: 28490502 PMCID: PMC5448173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701994114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-temperature crystal structure of elemental lithium, the prototypical simple metal, is a several-decades-old problem. At 1 atm pressure and 298 K, Li forms a body-centered cubic lattice, which is common to all alkali metals. However, a low-temperature phase transition was experimentally detected to a structure initially identified as having the 9R stacking. This structure, proposed by Overhauser in 1984, has been questioned repeatedly but has not been confirmed. Here we present a theoretical analysis of the Fermi surface of lithium in several relevant structures. We demonstrate that experimental measurements of the Fermi surface based on the de Haas-van Alphen effect can be used as a diagnostic method to investigate the low-temperature phase diagram of lithium. This approach may overcome the limitations of X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques and makes possible, in principle, the determination of the lithium low-temperature structure (and that of other metals) at both ambient and high pressure. The theoretical results are compared with existing low-temperature ambient pressure experimental data, which are shown to be inconsistent with a 9R phase for the low-temperature structure of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri F Elatresh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Weizhao Cai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - N W Ashcroft
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;
| | - Shanti Deemyad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
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Unexpected cold curve sensitivity to GGA exchange form. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Naumov II, Hemley RJ, Hoffmann R, Ashcroft NW. Chemical bonding in hydrogen and lithium under pressure. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:064702. [PMID: 26277151 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Though hydrogen and lithium have been assigned a common column of the periodic table, their crystalline states under common conditions are drastically different: the former at temperatures where it is crystalline is a molecular insulator, whereas the latter is a metal that takes on simple structures. On compression, however, the two come to share some structural and other similarities associated with the insulator-to-metal and metal-to-insulator transitions, respectively. To gain a deeper understanding of differences and parallels in the behaviors of compressed hydrogen and lithium, we performed an ab initio comparative study of these systems in selected identical structures. Both elements undergo a continuous pressure-induced s-p electronic transition, though this is at a much earlier stage of development for H. The valence charge density accumulates in interstitial regions in Li but not in H in structures examined over the same range of compression. Moreover, the valence charge density distributions or electron localization functions for the same arrangement of atoms mirror each other as one proceeds from one element to the other. Application of the virial theorem shows that the kinetic and potential energies jump across the first-order phase transitions in H and Li are opposite in sign because of non-local effects in the Li pseudopotential. Finally, the common tendency of compressed H and Li to adopt three-fold coordinated structures as found is explained by the fact that such structures are capable of yielding a profound pseudogap in the electronic densities of states at the Fermi level, thereby reducing the kinetic energy. These results have implications for the phase diagrams of these elements and also for the search for new structures with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Naumov
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Russell J Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - N W Ashcroft
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Naumov II, Hemley RJ. Origin of Transitions between Metallic and Insulating States in Simple Metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:156403. [PMID: 25933325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.156403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unifying principles that underlie recently discovered transitions between metallic and insulating states in elemental solids under pressure are developed. Using group theory arguments and first-principles calculations, we show that the electronic properties of the phases involved in these transitions are controlled by symmetry principles. The valence bands in these systems are described by simple and composite band representations constructed from localized Wannier functions centered on points unoccupied by atoms, and which are not necessarily all symmetrical. The character of the Wannier functions is closely related to the degree of s-p(-d) hybridization and reflects multicenter chemical bonding in these insulating states. The conditions under which an insulating state is allowed for structures having an integer number of atoms per primitive unit cell as well as reentrant (i.e., metal-insulator-metal) transition sequences are detailed, resulting in predictions of behavior such as phases having band-contact lines. The general principles developed are tested and applied to the alkali and alkaline earth metals, including elements where high-pressure insulating phases have been reported (e.g., Li, Na, and Ca).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Naumov
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | - Russell J Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
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Miao MS, Hoffmann R. High pressure electrides: a predictive chemical and physical theory. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1311-7. [PMID: 24702165 DOI: 10.1021/ar4002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrides, in which electrons occupy interstitial regions in the crystal and behave as anions, appear as new phases for many elements (and compounds) under high pressure. We propose a unified theory of high pressure electrides (HPEs) by treating electrons in the interstitial sites as filling the quantized orbitals of the interstitial space enclosed by the surrounding atom cores, generating what we call an interstitial quasi-atom, ISQ. With increasing pressure, the energies of the valence orbitals of atoms increase more significantly than the ISQ levels, due to repulsion, exclusion by the atom cores, effectively giving the valence electrons less room in which to move. At a high enough pressure, which depends on the element and its orbitals, the frontier atomic electron may become higher in energy than the ISQ, resulting in electron transfer to the interstitial space and the formation of an HPE. By using a He lattice model to compress (with minimal orbital interaction at moderate pressures between the surrounding He and the contained atoms or molecules) atoms and an interstitial space, we are able to semiquantitatively explain and predict the propensity of various elements to form HPEs. The slopes in energy of various orbitals with pressure (s > p > d) are essential for identifying trends across the entire Periodic Table. We predict that the elements forming HPEs under 500 GPa will be Li, Na (both already known to do so), Al, and, near the high end of this pressure range, Mg, Si, Tl, In, and Pb. Ferromagnetic electrides for the heavier alkali metals, suggested by Pickard and Needs, potentially compete with transformation to d-group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Miao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100084, China
- Materials
Research Lab., University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker
Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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Karasiev VV, Sjostrom T, Trickey SB. Comparison of density functional approximations and the finite-temperature Hartree-Fock approximation in warm dense lithium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:056704. [PMID: 23214903 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.056704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We compare the behavior of the finite-temperature Hartree-Fock model with that of thermal density functional theory using both ground-state and temperature-dependent approximate exchange functionals. The test system is bcc Li in the temperature-density regime of warm dense matter (WDM). In this exchange-only case, there are significant qualitative differences in results from the three approaches. Those differences may be important for Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics studies of WDM with ground-state approximate density functionals and thermal occupancies. Such calculations require reliable regularized potentials over a demanding range of temperatures and densities. By comparison of pseudopotential and all-electron results at T=0 K for small Li clusters of local bcc symmetry and bond lengths equivalent to high density bulk Li, we determine the density ranges for which standard projector augmented wave (PAW) and norm-conserving pseudopotentials are reliable. Then, we construct and use all-electron PAW data sets with a small cutoff radius that are valid for lithium densities up to at least 80 g/cm{3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V Karasiev
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118435, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8435, USA.
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11
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Wilson RB, Riffe DM. An embedded-atom-method model for alkali-metal vibrations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:335401. [PMID: 22836198 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/33/335401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an embedded-atom-method (EAM) model that accurately describes the vibrational dynamics in the alkali metals Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. The bulk dispersion curves, frequency-moment Debye temperatures and temperature-dependent entropy Debye temperatures are all in excellent agreement with experimental results. The model is also well suited for studying surface vibrational dynamics in these materials, as illustrated by calculations for the Na(110) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Wilson
- Physics Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4415, USA
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12
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Trickey S. Of science and scientists in QTP. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.524671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Leiberich R, Philipp S, Schmidt PC. Theoretical Study of the Pressure Dependence of the Knight Shift in Alkali Metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19900941012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Anderson JB. Quantum Monte Carlo: Atoms, Molecules, Clusters, Liquids, and Solids. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470125908.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Rousseau R, Uehara K, Klug DD, Tse JS. Phase Stability and Broken-Symmetry Transition of Elemental Lithium up to 140 GPa. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:1703-6. [PMID: 16088972 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Rousseau
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy
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Han SS, van Duin ACT, Goddard WA, Lee HM. Optimization and Application of Lithium Parameters for the Reactive Force Field, ReaxFF. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4575-82. [PMID: 16833794 DOI: 10.1021/jp051450m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To make a practical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the large-scale reactive chemical systems of Li-H and Li-C, we have optimized parameters of the reactive force field (ReaxFF) for these systems. The parameters for this force field were obtained from fitting to the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the structures and energy barriers for a number of Li-H and Li-C molecules, including Li(2), LiH, Li(2)H(2), H(3)C-Li, H(3)C-H(2)C-Li, H(2)C=C-LiH, HCCLi, H(6)C(5)-Li, and Li(2)C(2), and to the equations of state and lattice parameters for condensed phases of Li. The accuracy of the developed ReaxFF was also tested by comparison to the dissociation energies of lithium-benzene sandwich compounds and the collision behavior of lithium atoms with a C(60) buckyball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Kusung-dong 373-1, Yusung-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea
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Trickeya S, Alforda J, Boetggerb J. Methods and Implementation of Robust, High-Precision Gaussian Basis DFT Calculations for Periodic Systems: the GTOFF Code. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(04)80020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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18
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Neaton JB, Ashcroft NW. On the constitution of sodium at higher densities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2830-2833. [PMID: 11290050 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory the atomic and electronic structures of sodium are predicted to depart substantially from those expected of simple metals for r(s)<2.48 ( p>130 GPa). Newly predicted phases include those with low structural symmetry and semimetallic electronic properties (including zero-gap semiconducting limiting behavior), and even those that raise the possibility of superconductivity, all at currently achievable pressures. Important differences emerge between sodium and lithium at high densities, and these are attributable to corresponding differences in their respective cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Neaton
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2501, USA
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19
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Blaha P, Schwarz K. A full-potential LAPW study of structural and electronic properties of beryllium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/17/4/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Boettger JC, Trickey SB. Structural optimisation and properties of first row monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/16/6/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hanfland M, Syassen K, Christensen NE, Novikov DL. New high-pressure phases of lithium. Nature 2000; 408:174-8. [PMID: 11089965 DOI: 10.1038/35041515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is considered a 'simple' metal because, under ordinary conditions of pressure and temperature, the motion of conduction electrons is only weakly perturbed by interactions with the cubic lattice of atomic cores. It was recently predicted that at pressures below 100 GPa, dense Li may undergo several structural transitions, possibly leading to a 'paired-atom' phase with low symmetry and near-insulating properties. Here we report synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements that confirm that Li undergoes pronounced structural changes under pressure. Near 39 GPa, the element transforms from a high-pressure face-centred-cubic phase, through an intermediate rhombohedral modification, to a cubic polymorph with 16 atoms per unit cell. This cubic phase has not been observed previously in any element; unusually, its calculated electronic density of states exhibits a pronounced semimetal-like minimum near the Fermi energy. We present total-energy calculations that provide theoretical support for the observed phase transition sequence. Our calculations indicate a large stability range of the 16-atom cubic phase relative to various other crystal structures tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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23
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Tugluoglu N, Mutlu RH. Effect of zero-point corrections and k-point sampling on the structural stability determinations of alkali metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10253-10256. [PMID: 9984796 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Quassowski S, Hermann K. Theory of lithium islands and monolayers: Electronic structure and stability. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:2457-2466. [PMID: 9979000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Cho JH, Kang MH. Pseudopotential study of the magnetic and metal-insulator transitions in metallic lithium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:9555-9559. [PMID: 10009753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.9555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Heilingbrunner A, Stollhoff G. Abinitiocorrelation calculation for metallic lithium. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cho JH, Ihm SH, Kang MH. Pseudopotential study of the structural properties of bulk Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:14020-14022. [PMID: 10005740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cho JH, Kang MH. Bulk structural properties of Mo: Plane-wave-basis pseudopotential study with a partial-core-correction scheme. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:2979-2982. [PMID: 10006373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Perdew JP, Chevary JA, Vosko SH, Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C. Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:6671-6687. [PMID: 10002368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8203] [Impact Index Per Article: 256.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boettger JC, Trickey SB, Nobel JA. Comment on "Total-energy calculations of solid H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs". PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:7503-7506. [PMID: 10000541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Nobel JA, Trickey SB, Blaha P, Schwarz K. Low-pressure crystalline phases of lithium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:5012-5014. [PMID: 10002145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Trickey SB, Müller-Plathe F, Diercksen GH, Boettger JC. Interplanar binding and lattice relaxation in a graphite dilayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:4460-4468. [PMID: 10002064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Boettger JC, Trickey SB. Quantum size effects in equilibrium lithium ultrathin layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:1363-1372. [PMID: 10001614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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