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Kyrey T, Witte J, Feoktystov A, Pipich V, Wu B, Pasini S, Radulescu A, Witt MU, Kruteva M, von Klitzing R, Wellert S, Holderer O. Inner structure and dynamics of microgels with low and medium crosslinker content prepared via surfactant-free precipitation polymerization and continuous monomer feeding approach. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6536-6546. [PMID: 31355828 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels via classical precipitation polymerization (batch method) and a continuous monomer feeding approach (feeding method) leads to different internal crosslinker distributions, i.e., from core-shell-like to a more homogeneous one. The internal structure and dynamics of these microgels with low and medium crosslinker concentrations are studied with dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering in a wide q-range below and above the volume phase transition temperature. The influence of the preparation method, and crosslinker and initiator concentration on the internal structure of the microgels is investigated. In contrast to the classical conception where polymer microgels possess a core-shell structure with the averaged internal polymer density distribution within the core part, a detailed view of the internal inhomogeneities of the PNIPAM microgels and the presence of internal domains even above the volume phase transition temperature, when polymer microgels are in the deswollen state, are presented. The correlation between initiator concentration and the size of internal domains that appear inside the microgel with temperature increase is demonstrated. Moreover, the influence of internal inhomogeneities on the dynamics of the batch- and feeding-microgels studied with neutron spin-echo spectroscopy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kyrey
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany. and Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany and Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Judith Witte
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefano Pasini
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcus U Witt
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wellert
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olaf Holderer
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Pipich V, Schlenstedt K, Dickmann M, Kasher R, Meier-Haack J, Hugenschmidt C, Petry W, Oren Y, Schwahn D. Morphology and porous structure of standalone aromatic polyamide films as used in RO membranes – An exploration with SANS, PALS, and SEM. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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An in-situ small angle x ray scattering analysis of nanopore formation during thermally induced chemical dealloying of brass thin foils. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15419. [PMID: 30337676 PMCID: PMC6193925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-noble nano-porous metal materials is hindered by surface oxidation reactions and from the difficulty to generate long range order pore arrays. Dealloying is a promising route to generate such materials by selective chemical etching of metal alloy materials. This process can generate nano-metal materials with superior plasmonic, catalytic and adsorptive surface properties. Here, the impact of properties of the etching solution on the dealloying process to generate nano-pores across thin film alloys was investigated by in-situ SAXS dealloying experiments. Single phase CuZn alloys were used as model materials to evaluate the influence of the solution temperature on the pore formation kinetics. This novel analysis allowed to visualize the change in surface properties of the materials over time, including their surface area as well as their pore and ligament sizes. The dealloying kinetics at the very early stage of the process were found to be critical to both stable pore formation and stabilization. SAXS in-situ data were correlated to the morphological properties of the materials obtained from ex-situ samples by Rutherford back scattering and scanning electron microscopy.
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Al-Baradi AM, Rimmer S, Carter SR, de Silva JP, King SM, Maccarini M, Farago B, Noirez L, Geoghegan M. Temperature-dependent structure and dynamics of highly-branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1482-1491. [PMID: 29400392 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) have been used to investigate the temperature-dependent solution behaviour of highly-branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HB-PNIPAM). SANS experiments have shown that water is a good solvent for both HB-PNIPAM and a linear PNIPAM control at low temperatures where the small angle scattering is described by a single correlation length model. Increasing the temperature leads to a gradual collapse of HB-PNIPAM until above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), at which point aggregation occurs, forming disperse spherical particles of up to 60 nm in diameter, independent of the degree of branching. However, SANS from linear PNIPAM above the LCST is described by a model that combines particulate structure and a contribution from solvated chains. NSE was used to study the internal and translational solution dynamics of HB-PNIPAM chains below the LCST. Internal HB-PNIPAM dynamics is described well by the Rouse model for non-entangled chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateyyah M Al-Baradi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
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Kumar M, Banerjee V, Puri S. Random field Ising model in a uniform magnetic field: Ground states, pinned clusters and scaling laws. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:96. [PMID: 29110112 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the random field Ising model (RFIM) in an external magnetic field h . A computationally efficient graph-cut method is used to study ground state (GS) morphologies in this system for three different disorder types: Gaussian, uniform and bimodal. We obtain the critical properties of this system and find that they are independent of the disorder type. We also study GS morphologies via pinned-cluster distributions, which are scale-free at criticality. The spin-spin correlation functions (and structure factors) are characterized by a roughness exponent [Formula: see text]. The corresponding scaling function is universal for all disorder types and independent of h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, 110016, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India.
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Bupathy A, Banerjee V, Puri S. Random-field Ising model on isometric lattices: Ground states and non-Porod scattering. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:012104. [PMID: 26871021 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We use a computationally efficient graph cut method to obtain ground state morphologies of the random-field Ising model (RFIM) on (i) simple cubic (SC), (ii) body-centered cubic (BCC), and (iii) face-centered cubic (FCC) lattices. We determine the critical disorder strength Δ_{c} at zero temperature with high accuracy. For the SC lattice, our estimate (Δ_{c}=2.278±0.002) is consistent with earlier reports. For the BCC and FCC lattices, Δ_{c}=3.316±0.002 and 5.160±0.002, respectively, which are the most accurate estimates in the literature to date. The small-r behavior of the correlation function exhibits a cusp regime characterized by a cusp exponent α signifying fractal interfaces. In the paramagnetic phase, α=0.5±0.01 for all three lattices. In the ferromagnetic phase, the cusp exponent shows small variations due to the lattice structure. Consequently, the interfacial energy E_{i}(L) for an interface of size L is significantly different for the three lattices. This has important implications for nonequilibrium properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Bupathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Varsha Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Kapri R, Bandyopadhyay M, Barma M. Order-parameter scaling in fluctuation-dominated phase ordering. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:012117. [PMID: 26871034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In systems exhibiting fluctuation-dominated phase ordering, a single order parameter does not suffice to characterize the order, and it is necessary to monitor a larger set. For hard-core sliding particles on a fluctuating surface and the related coarse-grained depth (CD) models, this set comprises the long-wavelength Fourier components of the density profile, which capture the breakup and remerging of particle-rich regions. We study both static and dynamic scaling laws obeyed by the Fourier modes Q_{mL} and find that the mean value obeys the static scaling law 〈Q_{mL}〉∼L^{-ϕ}f(m/L) with ϕ≃2/3 and ϕ≃3/5 for Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) surface evolution, respectively, and ϕ≃3/4 for the CD model. The full probability distribution P(Q_{mL}) exhibits scaling as well. Further, time-dependent correlation functions such as the steady-state autocorrelation and cross-correlations of order-parameter components are scaling functions of t/L^{z}, where L is the system size and z is the dynamic exponent, with z=2 for EW and z=3/2 for KPZ surface evolution. In addition we find that the CD model shows temporal intermittency, manifested in the dynamical structure functions of the density and the weak divergence of the flatness as the scaled time approaches 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kapri
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Malay Bandyopadhyay
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubabneswar, Satyanagar, Bhubaneswar 751007, India
| | - Mustansir Barma
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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8
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Ryu J, Jung SH, Sim JH, Lee HI, Sohn D. Clustering and Dissolution of Triazole Branched Poly(ethyl methylacrylate). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Research; Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 South Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Jung
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Ulsan 681-802 South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Sim
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hyung-il Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ulsan; Ulsan 680-749 South Korea
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Research; Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 South Korea
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Dulle M, Jaber S, Rosenfeldt S, Radulescu A, Förster S, Mulvaney P, Karg M. Plasmonic gold–poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) core–shell colloids with homogeneous density profiles: a small angle scattering study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1354-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04816d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Four scattering methods covering nearly three orders of magnitude in momentum transfer verify homogeneous network structures in gold–PNIPAM core–shell colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dulle
- Physical Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Sarah Jaber
- Bio21 Institute & School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | | | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science
- Outstation at FRM II
- Garching
- Germany
| | | | - Paul Mulvaney
- Bio21 Institute & School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- Bayreuth
- Germany
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Ahmad S, Puri S, Das SK. Phase separation of fluids in porous media: a molecular dynamics study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:040302. [PMID: 25375423 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present comprehensive molecular dynamics results for phase-separation kinetics of fluids in a porous medium. This system is modeled by a symmetric Lennard-Jones fluid mixture with a quenched random field. The presence of disorder slows down domain growth from power-law to a logarithmic form. It also modifies the correlation functions and structure factors which characterize the morphology. In particular, the structure-factor tail shows a non-Porod behavior, which is the consequence of scattering from rough interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Ahmad
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subir K Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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Shrivastav GP, Banerjee V, Puri S. Non-Porod behavior in systems with rough morphologies. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:98. [PMID: 25348663 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments yield multi-scale morphologies which are smooth on some length scales and fractal on others. Accurate statements about morphological properties, e.g., roughness exponent, fractal dimension, domain size, interfacial width, etc. are obtained from the correlation function and structure factor. In this paper, we present structure factor data for two systems: (a) droplet-in-droplet morphologies of double-phase-separating mixtures; and (b) ground-state morphologies in dilute anti-ferromagnets. An important characteristic of the scattering data is a non-Porod tail, which is associated with scattering off rough domains and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav P Shrivastav
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
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Shrivastav GP, Kumar M, Banerjee V, Puri S. Ground-state morphologies in the random-field Ising model: scaling properties and non-Porod behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:032140. [PMID: 25314428 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use a computationally efficient graph-cut method (GCM) to obtain the ground-state morphologies (at zero temperature) of the random-field Ising model in d=2,3. The GCM enables us to obtain comprehensive numerical results on large-scale systems. We analyze the morphologies by computing correlation functions and structure factors. These quantities enable us to precisely evaluate characteristic properties, e.g., domain sizes, scaling functions, roughness exponents, fractal dimensions, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav P Shrivastav
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India and School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Varsha Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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13
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Cohen MH. On Intergranular Contacts in Sedimentary Rocks. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Guiot C, Spalla O. Stabilization of TiO2 nanoparticles in complex medium through a pH adjustment protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:1057-1064. [PMID: 23240597 DOI: 10.1021/es3040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Preparing TiO(2) nanoparticle (NP) suspensions displaying well-defined and reproducible dispersion state is a key feature to perform relevant toxicity experiments for environmental, animal, or human concerns. Relying on the evolution of surface charge with pH, and interactions between nanoparticles in their medium, we developed an optimized dispersion protocol involving a pH adjustment before addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA). It yielded highly dispersed and stable concentrated stock suspensions of TiO(2) NP at pH 7. It was designed for four kinds of manufactured TiO(2) nanomaterials and can be extended to a wide range of TiO(2) NP. The suspensions studied here were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), using a model quantitatively describing fractal aggregates. Results were correlated with dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Moreover, the stability in a typical biological medium was assessed by diluting stock suspensions in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. It resulted in highly dispersed and stable working suspensions. No sedimentation, followed by in situ DLS, was observed over 17 h for both the concentrated stock suspensions prepared according to the pH adjusted-BSA protocol and their dilution into LB medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Guiot
- CEA Saclay, DSM/IRAMIS/SIS2M/LIONS UMR3299, 91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France
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Chavez Panduro EA, Beuvier T, Fernández Martínez M, Hassani L, Calvignac B, Boury F, Gibaud A. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of porous powders of CaCO3. J Appl Crystallogr 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812032219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of small-angle and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering on porous CaCO3microparticles of pulverulent vaterite made by a conventional chemical route and by using supercritical CO2are presented. The scattering curves are analysed in the framework of the Guinier–Porod model, which gives the radii of gyration of the scattering objects and their fractal dimension. In addition, the porosity and the specific surface area are determined by using the Porod invariant, which is modified to take into account the effective thickness of the pellet. The results of this analysis are compared with those obtained by nitrogen adsorption.
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The Influence of Space Environment on Substructure of Light-Absorbing Thermoregulating Al Coatings. COATINGS 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings1020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe concept of fractal geometry is used to describe the structure of silica polymers, colloidal aggregates, and critical systems. We illustrate the interpretation of scattering curves (X-ray, neutron and light) for fractal systems, and review simple growth models which generate fractal structures. We describe the polymerization of silica under various conditions and demonstrate that, depending on chemical conditions, polymerization maps onto simple fractal growth processes. The key factors which control growth are monomer-cluster vs. cluster-cluster growth, and reaction-limited vs. diffusion-limited growth.
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18
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Ge D, Yang L, Li Y. Aggregation behavior in the early stage of sol solutions formation. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Responsive P(NIPAM-co-NtBAM) microgels: Flory–Rehner description of the swelling behaviour. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Honnicke MG, Huang X, Keister JW, Kodituwakku CN, Cai YQ. Tracing X-rays through an L-shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror: a synchrotron application. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2010; 17:352-359. [PMID: 20400833 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510004383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model to trace X-rays through an L-shaped (nested or Montel Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors) laterally graded multilayer mirror to be used in a synchrotron application is presented. The model includes source parameters (size and divergence), mirror figure (parabolic and elliptic), multilayer parameters (reflectivity, which depends on layer material, thickness and number of layers) and figure errors (slope error, roughness, layer thickness fluctuation Deltad/d and imperfection in the corners). The model was implemented through MATLAB/OCTAVE scripts, and was employed to study the performance of a multilayer mirror designed for the analyzer system of an ultrahigh-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer at National Synchrotron Light Source II. The results are presented and discussed.
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Karg M, Hellweg T. New “smart” poly(NIPAM) microgels and nanoparticle microgel hybrids: Properties and advances in characterisation. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Mitropoulos A. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of adsorption in Vycor glass. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 336:679-90. [PMID: 19500794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Karg M, Wellert S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Lapp A, Liz-Marzán LM, Hellweg T. Thermoresponsive core–shell microgels with silica nanoparticle cores: size, structure, and volume phase transition of the polymer shell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:6708-16. [DOI: 10.1039/b802676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Chen ZH, Lin CB, Liu WC. Hydrolysis induced formation of macrovoids in poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Preparation and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/iron carbonate(p) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Fernández-Barbero A, Fernández-Nieves A, Grillo I, López-Cabarcos E. Structural modifications in the swelling of inhomogeneous microgels by light and neutron scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:051803. [PMID: 12513512 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering have been used to study the thermodynamics of swelling and the associated structure modifications of highly cross-linked temperature-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAM)] microgels in D2O. A particle core-shell model is proposed, with the core containing most of the cross-linker molecules. The Flory-Rehner theory, with the inclusion of a concentration dependent Flory solvency parameter, successfully describes the experimental swelling, despite the inhomogeneous character of the particles. Interestingly, the shell evolution with temperature controls the whole particle swelling, exerting an external pressure over the core, which in turn influences its size during the swelling process. Scaling laws for the correlation lengths were found with respect to temperature and polymer concentration. Finally, it has been encountered that for the collapsed microgel states, the particle surface seems to have a fractal character.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Barbero
- Complex Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Almería, Cañada de San Urbano s/n, Spain.
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Cheng C, Liu C, Teng S, Zhang N, Liu M. Half-width of intensity profiles of light scattered from self-affine fractal random surfaces and simulational verifications. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:061104. [PMID: 12188700 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on the fact that the half-width of the Fourier transform is inversely proportional to that of a symmetrical primary decay function, the half-width of the intensity profiles of light scattered from self-affine fractal random surfaces in the whole k( perpendicular ) region is studied. The primary function, whose Fourier transform is the intensity profile, is approximated with a simple mathematical decay function by equating their half-widths and maximums. The expression obtained for the half-width of the scattered intensity profiles reduces to the present results in the two extreme cases with the scattering roughness factors being either very small or very large. For a complete verification, we perform a simulation of the light scattering, in which self-affine fractal random surfaces are generated with an algorithm that is an analogy to the formation of laser speckles. The simulated and theoretical results conform well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Cheng
- Department of Physics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China
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28
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Coppens MO. Characterization of fractal surface roughness and its influence on diffusion and reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Kratz K, Hellweg T, Eimer W. Structural changes in PNIPAM microgel particles as seen by SANS, DLS, and EM techniques. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Leventis A, Papavassiliou G, Fardis M, Milia F, Chaniotakis E, Dolinsek J, Apih T. 1H NMR study of the local magnetic field gradients in evoluting porous structures. An application to cement gels. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1311973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Membrane Characterisation by Combination of Static and Dynamic Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-5193(00)80003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Garboczi EJ, Bentz DP, Martys NS. 1. Digital Images and Computer Modeling. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Sinha SK. 6. Small-Angle Scattering from Porous Materials. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chen X, Gibson JM. Measurement of roughness at buried Si/SiO2 interfaces by transmission electron diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:2846-2855. [PMID: 9986139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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36
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Grübel G, Huang KG, Gibbs D, Zehner DM, Sandy AR, Mochrie SG. Reconstruction of the Pt(111) surface: X-ray-scattering measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:18119-18139. [PMID: 10008452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.18119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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37
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Iwasaki H, Yoshinobu T. Self-affine growth of copper electrodeposits. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8282-8285. [PMID: 10007020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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38
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Konotop VV, Bulgakov SA. Two-scale method in the theory of scattering by fractal structures: One-dimensional regular problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:5994-6007. [PMID: 9907699 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Wong P, Cao Q. Correlation function and structure factor for a mass fractal bounded by a surface fractal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:7627-7632. [PMID: 10000570 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shalaev VM, Botet R, Jullien R. Resonant light scattering by fractal clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:12216-12225. [PMID: 9999377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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41
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Hoinkis E, Allen A. A small angle neutron scattering study of porous graphitic materials before and after adsorption and condensation of C6D6 within the accessible pores. J Colloid Interface Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(91)90384-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Chachaty C, Korb J, Bras W, Quinn P. Fractal structure of a cross-linked polymer resin: A small-angle x-ray scattering, pulsed field gradient, and paramagnetic relaxation study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:4778-4793. [PMID: 9998285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Konotop VV. Transmission coefficient of a fractal layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:1352-1357. [PMID: 9906084 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Lucido G, Triolo R, Caponetti E. Fractal approach in petrology: Small-angle neutron scattering experiments with volcanic rocks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:9031-9034. [PMID: 9945687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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46
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Sinha SK, Sirota EB, Garoff S, Stanley HB. X-ray and neutron scattering from rough surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:2297-2311. [PMID: 9946532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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47
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Wong PZ, Lin JS. Studying fractal geometry on submicron length scales by small-angle scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00890582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Wong P, Bray AJ. Scattering by rough surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:7751-7758. [PMID: 9944076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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49
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Wong P, Bray AJ. Fractal dimension of rough surfaces in the solid-on-solid model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:1057. [PMID: 10035950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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50
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Geschwind S, Devlin G, McCall SL. Measurement of spin-correlation lengths in Eu0.54Sr0.46S by elastic light scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:1895-1898. [PMID: 10034566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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