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Nowotarski MS, Potnuru LR, Straub JS, Chaklashiya R, Shimasaki T, Pahari B, Coffaro H, Jain S, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Multiple-Quantum Spin Counting of Molecular Assemblies in Vitrified Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7084-7094. [PMID: 38953521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization pathways are essential to various industrial, geological, and biological processes. In nonclassical nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters (PNCs) form, aggregate, and crystallize to produce higher order assemblies. Microscopy and X-ray techniques have limited utility for PNC analysis due to the small size (0.5-3 nm) and time stability constraints. We present a new approach for analyzing PNC formation based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin counting of vitrified molecular assemblies. The use of glassing agents ensures that vitrification generates amorphous aqueous samples and offers conditions for performing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-amplified NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that molecular adenosine triphosphate along with crystalline, amorphous, and clustered calcium phosphate materials formed via a nonclassical growth pathway can be differentiated from one another by the number of dipolar coupled 31P spins. We also present an innovative approach for examining spin counting data, demonstrating that a knowledge-based fitting of integer multiples of cosine wave functions, instead of the traditional Fourier transform, provides a more physically meaningful retrieval of the existing frequencies. This is the first report of multiquantum spin counting of assemblies formed in solution as captured under vitrified DNP conditions, which can be useful for future analysis of PNCs and other aqueous molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesopotamia S Nowotarski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lokeswara Rao Potnuru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua S Straub
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raj Chaklashiya
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Toshihiko Shimasaki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bholanath Pahari
- School of Physical and Applied Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206, India
| | - Hunter Coffaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sheetal Jain
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Sjolander TF, Blanchard JW, Budker D, Pines A. Two-dimensional single- and multiple-quantum correlation spectroscopy in zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 318:106781. [PMID: 32759044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present single- and multiple-quantum correlation J-spectroscopy detected in zero (<1μG) magnetic field using a 87Rb vapor-cell magnetometer. At zero field the spectrum of ethanol appears as a mixture of 13C isotopomers, and correlation spectroscopy is useful in separating the two composite spectra. We also identify and observe the zero-field equivalent of a double-quantum transition in 13C2-acetic acid, and show that such transitions are of use in spectral assignment. Two-dimensional spectroscopy further improves the high resolution attained in zero-field NMR since selection rules on the coherence-transfer pathways allow for the separation of otherwise overlapping resonances into distinct cross-peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Sjolander
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Shimon D, van Schooten KJ, Paul S, Peng Z, Takahashi S, Köckenberger W, Ramanathan C. DNP-NMR of surface hydrogen on silicon microparticles. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 101:68-75. [PMID: 31128358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a promising route to studying local atomic environments at the surface of both crystalline and amorphous materials. We take advantage of unpaired electrons due to defects close to the surface of the silicon microparticles to hyperpolarize adjacent 1H nuclei. At 3.3 T and 4.2 K, we observe the presence of two proton peaks, each with a linewidth on the order of 5 kHz. Echo experiments indicate a homogeneous linewidth of ∼150-300 Hz for both peaks, indicative of a sparse distribution of protons in both environments. The high frequency peak at 10 ppm lies within the typical chemical shift range for proton NMR, and was found to be relatively stable over repeated measurements. The low frequency peak was found to vary in position between -19 and -37 ppm, well outside the range of typical proton NMR shifts, and indicative of a high-degree of chemical shielding. The low frequency peak was also found to vary significantly in intensity across different experimental runs, suggesting a weakly-bound species. These results suggest that the hydrogen is located in two distinct microscopic environments on the surface of these Si particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Shimon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kipp J van Schooten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Subhradip Paul
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zaili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Susumu Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Walter Köckenberger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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4
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Rybakov AA, Larin AV. Similarities between amorphous and microcrystalline forms of hydrogenated silicon from periodic DFT modelling: coupled Si–H vibrations in (SiH) X groups, X = 2–4. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1199821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Larin AV, Milyaeva DV, Rybakov AA, Bezrukov DS, Trubnikov DN. Internal (SiH)Xgroups,X= 1–4, in microcrystalline hydrogenated silicon and their IR spectra on the basis of periodic DFT modelling. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.817621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Timilsina R, Biswas P. A study of hydrogen microstructure in amorphous silicon via inversion of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:165801. [PMID: 23552017 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/16/165801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an inverse approach for studying hydrogen microstructure in amorphous silicon. The approach consists of generating a prior distribution (of spins/hydrogen) by inverting experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, which is subsequently superimposed on a network of amorphous silicon. The resulting network is then relaxed using a total-energy functional to obtain a stable, low-energy configuration such that the initial spin distribution is minimally perturbed. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by generating model configurations that not only have the correct NMR spectra but also satisfy simultaneously experimental structural, electronic and vibrational properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Timilsina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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Biswas P, Timilsina R. Vacancies, microstructure and the moments of nuclear magnetic resonance: the case of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:065801. [PMID: 21406933 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/6/065801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on hydrogenated amorphous silicon using infrared absorption spectroscopy have indicated the presence of mono- and divacancies in samples for concentrations of up to 14% hydrogen. Motivated by this observation, we study the microstructure of hydrogen in two model networks of hydrogen-rich amorphous silicon with particular emphasis on the nature of the distribution (of hydrogen), the presence of defects and the characteristic features of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at low and high concentrations of hydrogen. Our study reveals the presence of vacancies, which are the built-in features of the model networks. The study also confirms the presence of various hydride configurations in the networks, from silicon monohydrides and dihydrides to open chain-like structures, that have been observed in the infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The broad and the narrow line widths of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are calculated from a knowledge of the distribution of spins (hydrogen) in the networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthapratim Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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8
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Eckert H. Structural Concepts for Disordered Inorganic Solids. Modern NMR Approaches and Strategies. Invited Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19900941006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Biswas P, Tafen DN, Inam F, Cai B, Drabold DA. Materials modeling by design: applications to amorphous solids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:084207. [PMID: 21817359 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/8/084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review a host of methods used to model amorphous materials. We particularly describe methods which impose constraints on the models to ensure that the final model meets a priori requirements (on structure, topology, chemical order, etc). In particular, we review work based on quench from the melt simulations, the 'decorate and relax' method, which is shown to be a reliable scheme for forming models of certain binary glasses. A 'building block' approach is also suggested and yields a pleading model for GeSe(1.5). We also report on the nature of vulcanization in an Se network cross-linked by As, and indicate how introducing H into an a-Si network develops into a-Si:H. We also discuss explicitly constrained methods including reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) and a novel method called 'Experimentally Constrained Molecular Relaxation'. The latter merges the power of ab initio simulation with the ability to impose external information associated with RMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthapratim Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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10
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Fan J, Kakalios J. Light-induced changes of the non-Gaussian 1/f noise statistics in doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418639408240131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fan
- a The University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy Minneapolis , MN , 55455 , USA
| | - J. Kakalios
- a The University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy Minneapolis , MN , 55455 , USA
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Geen H, Graf R, Heindrichs AS, Hickman BS, Schnell I, Spiess HW, Titman JJ. Spin counting with fast MAS. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1999; 138:167-172. [PMID: 10329241 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel magic angle spinning (MAS) multiple-quantum spin counting experiment based on the C7 recoupling sequence of Lee et al. is described. In contrast to previous approaches the new experiment is applicable at fast MAS rates and can be used to follow the multiple-quantum excitation dynamics with fine time resolution. The new method is illustrated by experiments on adamantane at spinning speeds comparable to the nonspinning dipolar linewidth. The sizes of the clusters of dipolar-coupled spins measured using the new experiment are compared to those obtained using the original nonspinning spin counting technique of Baum et al. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Geen
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Wu Y, Stephen JT, Han DX, Rutland JM, Crandall RS, Mahan AH. New Hydrogen Distribution in a-Si:H: An NMR Study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2049-2052. [PMID: 10061844 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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13
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Tuttle B, Adams JB. Structure of a-Si:H from Harris-functional molecular dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:16265-16271. [PMID: 9983461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Acco S, Williamson DL, Stolk PA, Saris FW, Sinke WC, Roorda S, Zalm PC. Hydrogen solubility and network stability in amorphous silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:4415-4427. [PMID: 9983995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Fedders PA. Energies and structural properties of hydrogen and related defects in molecular-dynamics-modeled a-Si:H. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1729-1737. [PMID: 9981239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Greim O, Weber J, Baer Y, Kroll U. Hydrogen diffusion in a-Si:H stimulated by intense illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:10644-10648. [PMID: 9975161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Ba Y, Veeman WS. Multiple-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of coupled 1/2 spins in solids. Combination with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1994; 3:249-269. [PMID: 7804784 DOI: 10.1016/0926-2040(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proton multiple-quantum coherence spectroscopy has been combined with magic-angle spinning (MAS) and cross-polarization (CP). This enables the detection of the proton (or any other abundant spin) multiple-quantum coherence spectrum via the high-resolution 13C (any other spin) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. For this purpose multiple-quantum pulse sequences synchronised to sample rotation have been designed, and the average Hamiltonians of these sequences have been analysed. The analysis allows the design of optimal experimental conditions. As a demonstration of the technique, it has been applied to a mixture of adamantane and hexamethylethane. From earlier 13C spin diffusion experiments it was known that these two molecules form a mixed crystal. With our technique we detected two different phases with different molecular translational self-diffusion coefficients in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ba
- Universität-GH-Duisburg, Germany
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20
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Jäger C, Gottwald J, Spiess HW, Newport RJ. Structural properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon. III. NMR investigations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:846-852. [PMID: 9975751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Eckert H. Structural Studies of Noncrystalline Solids Using Solid State NMR. New Experimental Approaches and Results. SOLID-STATE NMR IV METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF SOLID-STATE NMR 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-79127-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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22
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Mitra S, Gleason KK, Jia H, Shinar J. Effects of annealing on hydrogen microstructure in boron-doped and undoped rf-sputter-deposited amorphous silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:2175-2182. [PMID: 10008609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Parman CE, Israeloff NE, Kakalios J. Conductance fluctuations in doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:12578-12589. [PMID: 10005452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Fedders PA, Drabold DA. Hydrogen and defects in first-principles molecular-dynamics-modeled a-Si:H. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:13277-13282. [PMID: 10005632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Scruggs BE, Gleason KK. Computer-simulation of the multiple-quantum dynamics of one-, two- and three-dimensional spin distributions. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)80096-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cheung MK, Petrich MA. Silicon network structure and 29Si spin-lattice relaxation in amorphous hydrogenated silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:9006-9014. [PMID: 10000761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tang X, Weber J, Baer Y, Finger F. Annealing-temperature influence on the dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in undoped a-Si:H. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:7277-7279. [PMID: 9994865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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30
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Tang X, Weber J, Baer Y, Finger F. Dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in a-Si:H: Influence of the film deposition temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:7945-7947. [PMID: 9993110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.7945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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31
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Ordejón P, Martnez E, Ynduráin F. Correlation between electronic structure and local ordering in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:12416-12422. [PMID: 9991873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mahan AH, Williamson DL, Nelson BP, Crandall RS. Characterization of microvoids in device-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon by small-angle x-ray scattering and infrared measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:12024-12027. [PMID: 9991829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mahan A, Williamson D, Nelson B, Crandall R. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of microvoids in a-SiC:H and a-Si:H. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0379-6787(89)90056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ganguly G, Dutta J, Ray S, Barua AK. Radiofrequency-plasma-deposited hydrogenated fluorinated silicon-carbon alloy films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:3830-3836. [PMID: 9992352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Boyce JB, Ready SE. Nuclear-magnetic-double-resonance investigation of the dopant microstructure in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:11008-11018. [PMID: 9945974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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36
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Mui K, Smith FW. Optical dielectric function of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Tetrahedron model and experimental results. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:10623-10632. [PMID: 9945916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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37
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Hayashi S, Hayamizu K, Yamasaki S, Matsuda A, Tanaka K. Nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of amorphous silicon-hydrogen-phosphorus alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:31-38. [PMID: 9945160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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38
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Petrich MA, Gleason KK, Reimer JA. Structure and properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:9722-9731. [PMID: 9942870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.9722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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