1
|
Mendis BG. A semi-classical theory of magnetic inelastic scattering in transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 230:113390. [PMID: 34555803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of detecting magnetic excitations using monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope is examined. Inelastic scattering cross-sections are derived using a semi-classical electrodynamic model, and applied to AC magnetic susceptibility measurements and magnon characterization. Consideration is given to electron probes with a magnetic moment, such as vortex beams, where additional inelastic scattering can take place due to the change in magnetic potential energy of the incident electron in a non-uniform magnetic field. This so-called 'Stern-Gerlach' energy loss can be used to enhance the strength of the scattering by increasing the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam, and enables separation of magnetic from non-magnetic (i.e. dielectric) energy losses, thus providing a promising experimental route for detecting magnons. AC magnetic susceptibility measurements are however not feasible using Stern-Gerlach energy losses for a vortex beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Mendis
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vasilyev D, Kirschner J. Spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy at high momentum resolution. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Vasilyev
- Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik; Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - J. Kirschner
- Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik; Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vasilyev D, Kirschner J. Design and performance of a spin-polarized electron energy loss spectrometer with high momentum resolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:083902. [PMID: 27587131 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new "complete" spin-polarized electron energy loss spectrometer comprising a spin-polarized primary electron source, an imaging electron analyzer, and a spin analyzer of the "spin-polarizing mirror" type. Unlike previous instruments, we have a high momentum resolution of less than 0.04 Å(-1), at an energy resolution of 90-130 meV. Unlike all previous studies which reported rather broad featureless data in both energy and angle dependence, we find richly structured spectra depending sensitively on small changes of the primary energy, the kinetic energy after scattering, and of the angle of incidence. The key factor is the momentum resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vasilyev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - J Kirschner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vattuone L, Savio L, Rocca M. High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS): A Sensitive and Versatile Surface Tool. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-34243-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
5
|
Dey P, Weber W. Electron-spin motion: a new tool to study ferromagnetic films and surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:473201. [PMID: 22075703 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/47/473201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
When electrons are interacting with a ferromagnetic material, their spin-polarization vector is expected to move. This spin motion, comprising an azimuthal precession and a polar rotation about the magnetization direction of the ferromagnet, has been studied in spin-polarized electron scattering experiments both in transmission and reflection geometry. In this review we show that electron-spin motion can be considered as a new tool to study ferromagnetic films and surfaces and we discuss its application to a number of different problems: (a) the transmission of spin-polarized electrons across ferromagnetic films, (b) the influence of spin-dependent gaps in the electronic band structure on the spin motion in reflection geometry, (c) interference experiments with spin-polarized electrons and (d) the influence of lattice relaxations in ferromagnetic films on the spin motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dey
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UDS-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vollmer R, Etzkorn M, Kumar PSA, Ibach H, Kirschner J. Spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy of high energy, large wave vector spin waves in ultrathin fcc Co films on Cu(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:147201. [PMID: 14611549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.147201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The realm of high energy, large wave vector spin waves in ultrathin films and at surfaces is unexplored because a suitable method was not available up to now. We present experimental data for an 8 ML thick Co film deposited on Cu(001) which show that spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy can be used to measure spin-wave dispersion curves of ultrathin ferromagnetic films up to the surface Brillouin zone boundary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Vollmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plihal M, Mills DL. Spin dynamics and spin-polarized EELS spectra of model itinerant-electron magnetic films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:12813-12828. [PMID: 9980449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
8
|
Plihal M, Mills DL. Spin-flip scattering of low-energy electrons from magnetic surfaces near their ordering temperature: Application to Cr(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:13480-13492. [PMID: 9975543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
9
|
Walker TG, Hopster H. Induced magnetic order in ultrathin vanadium films on Fe(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7687-7690. [PMID: 10009514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
10
|
Gokhale MP, Mills DL. Spin excitations of a model itinerant ferromagnetic film: Spin waves, Stoner excitations, and spin-polarized electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:3880-3893. [PMID: 10011282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
11
|
Saniz R, Apell SP. Model calculation of Stoner-excitation cross sections in spin-polarized crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:3206-3211. [PMID: 10008744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
12
|
Walker TG, Hopster H. Magnetism of Mn layers on Fe(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:3563-3566. [PMID: 10008797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
13
|
Walker TG, Pang AW, Hopster H, Alvarado SF. Magnetic ordering of Cr layers on Fe(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:1121-1124. [PMID: 10047128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
14
|
Salmi LA. Theory of spin polarization in the metastable-He-metal interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:4180-4191. [PMID: 10004148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
15
|
Kämper K, Abraham DL, Hopster H. Spin-polarized electron-energy-loss spectroscopy on epitaxial fcc Co layers on Cu(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:14335-14346. [PMID: 10001561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
16
|
Hammond MS, Fahsold G, Kirschner J. Absorption and elastic and inelastic reflection of spin-polarized low-energy electrons from Fe(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:6131-6141. [PMID: 10000358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
17
|
Zhang X, Hsu H, Dunning FB, Walters GK. Low-energy-electron probing depths in metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:9133-9136. [PMID: 9998892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.9133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
18
|
Moser HR, Wendin G. Theoretical models for intensities of d-->f transitions in electron-energy-loss spectra of rare-earth and actinide metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:6044-6061. [PMID: 9998466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
19
|
Kleint C, El Halim SA. Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy as a tool for bulk and adsorbate studies: application to silicon surfaces. SURFACE SCIENCE 1991; 247:375-388. [DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90150-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
20
|
Pappas DP, Kämper K, Miller BP, Hopster H, Fowler DE, Brundle CR, Luntz AC, Shen Z. Spin-dependent electron attenuation by transmission through thin ferromagnetic films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:504-507. [PMID: 10043824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
21
|
Hopster H. Electron depolarization by inelastic exchange scattering from Cr3+ magnetic moments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:2540-2542. [PMID: 9995706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
22
|
Mulhollan GA, Zhang X, Dunning FB, Walters GK. Inelastic spin-exchange scattering of electrons from paramagnetic metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:8122-8126. [PMID: 9993132 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
23
|
Hopster H, Abraham DL. Spin-dependent inelastic electron scattering on Ni(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:7054-7058. [PMID: 9991088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.7054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
24
|
Modesti S. Exchange-excited f-f transitions in the electron-energy-loss spectra of rare-earth metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:933-941. [PMID: 9991912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
25
|
Mulhollan GA, Zhang X, Dunning FB, Walters GK. Role of rediffused primary electrons in secondary-electron ejection from a Cu(100) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:8715-8717. [PMID: 9947587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
26
|
Abraham DL, Hopster H. Spin-polarized electron-energy-loss spectroscopy on Ni. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:1157-1160. [PMID: 10039591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
27
|
Idzerda YU, Lind DM, Papaconstantopoulos DA, Prinz GA, Jonker BT, Krebs JJ. Stoner transitions and spin-selective excitations in bcc cobalt. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:1222-1225. [PMID: 10038733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
28
|
Penn DR, Apell P. Free-electron-like Stoner excitations in Fe. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:5051-5054. [PMID: 9946914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|